優婆塞戒經悲品第三
Chapter on Compassion, Part Three, from the Upasaka Precepts Sutra
善生言:「世尊!彼六師等不說因果,如來今說因有二種:一者、生因,二者、了因。如佛初說發菩提心,為是生因,是了因耶?」
"World-Honored One, those six teachers do not teach cause and effect. But now the Tathagata says there are two kinds of cause: one is the producing cause, and the other is the discerning cause. As for the Buddha's first teaching on giving rise to the Bodhi mind, is it the producing cause or the discerning cause?"
「善男子!我為眾生或說一因,或說二因,或說三因,或說四因,或說五因,或說六、七至十二因。言一因者,即生因也。言二因者,生因、了因。言三因者,煩惱、業、器。言四因者,所謂四大。言五因者,未來五支。言六因者,如契經中所說六因。言七因者,如《法華》說。言八因者,現在八支。言九因者,如《大城經》說。言十因者,如為摩男優婆塞說。十一因者,如《智印》說。十二因者,如十二因緣。
"Good man, for the sake of sentient beings I sometimes teach one cause, sometimes two causes, sometimes three, four, five, six, seven, up to twelve causes.
When I speak of one cause, that means the productive cause. When I speak of two causes, they are the productive cause and the illuminating cause. When I speak of three causes, they are affliction, karma, and the physical world. When I speak of four causes, they are the four great elements. When I speak of five causes, they are the five future links. When I speak of six causes, they are the six causes as stated in the sutras. When I speak of seven causes, they are as taught in the Lotus Sutra. When I speak of eight causes, they are the eight present links. When I speak of nine causes, they are as taught in the Great City Sutra. When I speak of ten causes, they are as taught to the layman Mahānāma. When I speak of eleven causes, they are as taught in the Wisdom Seal. When I speak of twelve causes, they are the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination.
「善男子!一切有漏法無量無邊因,一切無漏法無量無邊因,有智之人欲盡知故,發菩提心;是故如來名一切智。
"Good son, all conditioned dharma has immeasurable and boundless causes, and all unconditioned dharma has immeasurable and boundless causes. Those with wisdom, wishing to fully know them all, bring forth the Bodhi mind; therefore the Tathagata is called the All-Knowing One.
「善男子!一切眾生發菩提心,或有生因,或有了因,或有生因、了因。汝今當知:夫生因者,即是大悲;因是悲故,便能發心,是故悲心為生因也。」
"Good man, when all sentient beings bring forth the Bodhi mind, there may be a generative cause, or there may be a completing cause, or there may be both a generative cause and a completing cause. You should now know: the generative cause is great compassion. Because of this compassion, one is able to bring forth the mind; therefore, compassion is the generative cause."
「世尊!云何而得修於悲心?」
「善男子!智者深見一切眾生沈沒生死苦惱大海,為欲拔濟,是故生悲。
「又見眾生未有十力、四無所畏、大悲、三念,我當云何令彼具足?是故生悲。
「又見眾生雖多怨毒,亦作親想,是故生悲。
「又見眾生迷於正路,無有示導,是故生悲。
「又見眾生臥五欲泥而不能出,猶故放逸,是故生悲。
「又見眾生常為財物、妻子纏縛,不能捨離,是故生悲。
「又見眾生以色命故而生憍慢,是故生悲。
「又見眾生為惡知識之所誑惑故生親想,如六師等,是故生悲。
「又見眾生墮生有界,受諸苦惱,猶故樂著,是故生悲。
「又見眾生造身、口、意不善惡業,多受苦果,猶故樂著,是故生悲。
「又見眾生渴求五欲,如渴飲醎水,是故生悲。
「又見眾生雖欲求樂,不造樂因;雖不樂苦,喜造苦因;欲受天樂,不具足戒,是故生悲。
「又見眾生於無我、我所生我、我所想,是故生悲。
「又見眾生無定有性,流轉五有,是故生悲。
「又見眾生畏生、老死,而更造作生、老死業,是故生悲。
「又見眾生受身心苦而更造業,是故生悲。
「又見眾生愛別離苦而不斷愛,是故生悲。
「又見眾生處無明闇,不知熾然智慧燈明,是故生悲。
「又見眾生為煩惱火之所燒然,而不能求三昧定水,是故生悲。
「又見眾生為五欲樂造無量惡,是故生悲。
「又見眾生知五欲苦,求之不息,譬如飢者食於毒飯,是故生悲。
「又見眾生處在惡世,遭值虐王,多受苦惱,猶故放逸,是故生悲。
「又見眾生流轉八苦,不知斷除如是苦因,是故生悲。
「又見眾生飢渴、寒熱,不得自在,是故生悲。
「又見眾生毀犯禁戒,當受地獄、餓鬼、畜生,是故生悲。
「又見眾生色、力、壽命、安隱、辯才不得自在,是故生悲。
「又見眾生諸根不具,是故生悲。
「又見眾生生於邊地,不修善法,是故生悲。
「又見眾生處飢饉世,身體羸瘦,互相劫奪,是故生悲。
「又見眾生處刀兵劫,更相殘害,惡心增盛,當受無量苦報之果,是故生悲。
「又見眾生值佛出世,聞說甘露淨法不能受持,是故生悲。
「又見眾生信邪惡友,終不追從善知識教,是故生悲。
「又見眾生多有財寶,不能捨施,是故生悲。
「又見眾生耕田種作,商賈販賣,一切皆苦,是故生悲。
「又見眾生父母、兄弟、妻子、奴婢、眷屬、宗室不相愛念,是故生悲。
「善男子!有智之人,應觀非想非非想處所有定樂如地獄苦,一切眾生等共有之,是故生悲。
「善男子!未得道時,作如是觀,是名為悲;若得道已,即名大悲。何以故?未得道時,雖作是觀,觀皆有邊,眾生亦爾;既得道已,觀及眾生皆悉無邊,是故得名為大悲也。未得道時,悲心動轉,是故名悲;既得道已,無有動轉,故名大悲。未得道時,未能救濟諸眾生故,故名為悲;既得道已,能大救濟,故名大悲。未得道時,不共慧行,是故名悲;既得道已,與慧共行,故名大悲。
「善男子!智者修悲,雖未能斷眾生苦惱,已有無量大利益事。善男子!六波羅蜜皆以悲心而作生因。
「善男子!菩薩有二種:一者、出家,二者、在家。出家修悲,是不為難;在家修悲,是乃為難。何以故?在家之人多有惡因緣故。善男子!在家之人若不修悲,則不能得優婆塞戒,若修悲已,即便獲得。善男子!出家之人,唯能具足五波羅蜜,不能具足檀波羅蜜,在家之人則能具足。何以故?一切時中一切施故。是故在家應先修悲,若修悲已,當知是人能具戒、忍、進、定、智慧。若修悲心,難施能施、難忍能忍、難作能作,以是義故,一切善法悲為根本。
「善男子!若人能修如是悲心,當知是人能壞惡業如須彌山,不久當得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提,是人所作少許善業,所獲果報如須彌山。」