---
title: "華嚴五十要問答 · 1 十佛及名義"
description: "华严五十要问答由唐代高僧智俨大师集录，是华严宗重要论著之一。该书以问答形式阐释《华严经》核心教义，系统论述十玄门、六相圆融等哲学体系，展现一即一切、事事无碍的华严根本思想。智俨作为华严宗二祖，其著作承前启后，为法藏创立华严宗奠定理论基础。此作不仅浓缩华严精要，更成为研究华严哲学的关键文献，在中国佛教思想史上具有崇高地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cme5b1b87003pjo04kzli9dx6"
---

### 一十佛及名義。離世間品中釋

> Ten Buddhas and Their Meanings: Explanation in the Chapter on Leaving the Worldly Realm

問。云何見佛及佛名數。一乘三乘小乘等教中不同義。答。依小乘教見色身佛三十二相等。則是實見。眼根與境同時相應見實色相。名為見佛。若依三乘見佛實色身等三十二相不名見佛。由與分別遍計合故。假使見可似之相。即是謂似亦非見佛。若知無性無來去相即色是空。非色滅空。等不如所謂是名見佛。由與佛體相應故。依一乘教見聞已去乃至會知無生相及應十數見。其十佛一無著佛。安住世間成正覺故。二願佛。出生故。三業報佛。信故。四持佛。隨順故。五涅槃佛。永度故。六法界佛。無處不至故。七心佛。安住故。八三昧佛。無量無著故。九性佛。決定故。十如意佛。普覆故名為見佛。由如是見順正理故則能覩無上如來。何以故。是成菩提分法及解脫分法。麁細差別對機生信初始不同故。二一乘等佛名數差別多少云何者。一乘教佛名數有十。如華嚴經說。一無著佛。二願佛。三業報佛。四持佛。五涅槃佛。六法界佛。七心佛。八三昧佛。九性佛。十如意佛。三乘佛有三。一法身佛。二報身佛。三化身佛。小乘佛有二。一生身佛。二化身佛。法身佛亦名自性身。即本有則本有真如也。二報身佛。亦名應身。三化身佛。亦名應身。則修生行德成也。若依小乘二佛生身佛化身佛竝修生。慈悲愛行成也。若歎佛德若一若少。若多時者是三乘。若多歎少時。乃至多時多歎是一乘也。

> \*\*Question:\*\* How does one "see the Buddha" and understand the names and categories of Buddhas, given the different teachings of the One Vehicle, Three Vehicles, and Small Vehicle? \*\*Answer:\*\* According to the Small Vehicle teaching, seeing the physical Buddha with his thirty-two marks is considered true sight. The eye faculty and the object simultaneously correspond, and you truly perceive the physical form. This is called "seeing the Buddha." According to the Three Vehicles, seeing the Buddha's true physical form with thirty-two marks is not called seeing the Buddha. Because such sight is mixed with mental discrimination and conceptualization. Even if you see a form that resembles him, it is only an approximation, and not truly seeing the Buddha. If you realize that all things have no fixed nature, no coming or going, and that form is precisely emptiness—not emptiness after form is eliminated, but form itself being empty—and you understand this as it truly is, this is called "seeing the Buddha." For this perception aligns with the true nature of the Buddha. According to the One Vehicle teaching, seeing and hearing the Buddha leads to understanding the unborn nature of all things, and there are ten ways to see based on ten types of Buddha: 1. \*\*Unattached Buddha\*\*: Who abides peacefully in the world and achieves perfect enlightenment. 2. \*\*Wish-Fulfilling Buddha\*\*: Who arises from compassionate vows. 3. \*\*Karmic-Reward Buddha\*\*: Who manifests through the power of faith. 4. \*\*Upholding Buddha\*\*: Who follows and aligns with the truth. 5. \*\*Nirvana Buddha\*\*: Who has crossed over forever. 6. \*\*Dharma-Realm Buddha\*\*: Who reaches everywhere without exception. 7. \*\*Mind Buddha\*\*: Who abides in true nature. 8. \*\*Meditation Buddha\*\*: Who is boundless and unattached. 9. \*\*Nature Buddha\*\*: Who is absolute and unwavering. 10. \*\*As-You-Will Buddha\*\*: Who universally covers and protects. This way of seeing is called "seeing the Buddha." By seeing in this way, you accord with correct principle, and thus can behold the supreme Thus-Come One. Why? Because these insights are part of the path to enlightenment and the path to liberation. They differ in coarseness and subtlety, and arise from different initial levels of faith and understanding among beings. \*\*Second:\*\* What about the differences in the number of Buddha names and categories between the One Vehicle, etc.? The One Vehicle teaching lists ten kinds of Buddha, as described in the \*Avatamsaka Sutra\*: 1. Unattached Buddha 2. Wish-Fulfilling Buddha 3. Karmic-Reward Buddha 4. Upholding Buddha 5. Nirvana Buddha 6. Dharma-Realm Buddha 7. Mind Buddha 8. Meditation Buddha 9. Nature Buddha 10. As-You-Will Buddha The Three Vehicles teaching has three kinds of Buddha: 1. \*\*Dharma Body Buddha\*\* (also called the \*\*Self-Nature Body\*\*), which is the originally existing true suchness. 2. \*\*Reward Body Buddha\*\* (also called \*\*Response Body\*\*). 3. \*\*Transformation Body Buddha\*\* (also called \*\*Response Body\*\*), which is achieved through cultivated virtuous actions. The Small Vehicle teaching has two kinds of Buddha: 1. \*\*Physical Life Body Buddha\*\* 2. \*\*Transformation Body Buddha\*\* These are both achieved through cultivating compassion and loving-kindness. Regarding praising the Buddha's qualities: if the praise is for a single quality or a few, or for a short time, this belongs to the Three Vehicle approach. If the praise is for many qualities, or for a long time—even praising many qualities over much time—this belongs to the One Vehicle approach.