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  1. Refuting Deluded Attachments (1 斥迷執)
  1. Treatise on the Origin of Humanity (原人論)
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Treatise on the Origin of Humanity (原人論)

About 原人論

Tang · by 宗密述

4,935 · about 16 min

The *Treatise on the Origin of Humanity* was composed by the eminent Tang dynasty monk Guifeng Zongmi and stands as a vital treatise of the Huayan school and the Heze lineage of Chan Buddhism. Created during the flourishing era of Buddhism in the Tang dynasty, this work aims to harmonize the teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, delving into the fundamental origin of human beings. Its primary content, through dispelling delusion and revealing truth, and integrating root and branch, demonstrates that all sentient beings inherently possess the wisdom of Bodhi (enlightenment), ultimately returning to the One True Dharma Realm of Huayan. This treatise is rigorously structured and profoundly influential, acclaimed as a pinnacle of Chinese Buddhist philosophy. It laid a foundational contribution to the later synthesis of Chan and doctrinal teachings and holds a significant position in the history of Buddhist thought.


斥迷執第一(習儒道者)
儒道二教說人畜等類,皆是虛無大道生成養育。謂道法自然生於元氣,元氣生天地,天地生萬物,故愚智貴賤貧富苦樂,皆稟於天,由於時命;故死後却歸天地,復其虛無。然外教宗旨,但在乎依身立行,不在究竟身之元由。所說萬物不論象外,雖指大道為本,而不備明順逆起滅染淨因緣,故習者不知是權,執之為了。今略舉而詰之。
所言萬物皆從虛無大道而生者,大道即是生死賢愚之本,吉凶禍福之基。基本既其常存,則禍亂凶愚不可除也,福慶賢善不可益也,何用老莊之教耶?又道育虎狼、胎桀紂,夭顏冉、禍夷齊,何名尊乎?
又言萬物皆是自然生化非因緣者,則一切無因緣處悉應生化,謂石應生草,草或生人,人生畜等。又應生無前後,起無早晚,神仙不藉丹藥,太平不藉賢良,仁義不藉教習,老莊周孔何用立教為軌則乎?
又言皆從元氣而生成者,則歘生之神未曾習慮,豈得嬰孩便能愛惡驕恣焉?若言歘有自然便能隨念愛惡等者,則五德六藝悉能隨念而解,何待因緣學習而成?
又若生是稟氣而歘有,死是氣散而歘無,則誰為鬼神乎?且世有鑒達前生追憶往事,則知生前相續,非稟氣而歘有;又驗鬼神靈知不斷,則知死後非氣散而歘無。故祭祀求禱,典藉有文,況死而蘇者說幽途事,或死後感動妻子讎報怨恩,今古皆有耶?
外難曰:「若人死為鬼,則古來之鬼填塞巷路,合有見者。如何不爾?」
答曰:「人死六道,不必皆為鬼,鬼死復為人等,豈古來積鬼常存耶?」
且天地之氣本無知也,人稟無知之氣,安得歘起而有知乎?草木亦皆稟氣,何不知乎?
又言貧富貴賤賢愚善惡吉凶禍福皆由天命者,則天之賦命奚有貧多富少、賤多貴少,乃至禍多福少?苟多少之分在天,天何不平乎?況有無行而貴、守行而賤,無德而富、有德而貧,逆吉義凶、仁夭暴壽,乃至有道者喪、無道者興?既皆由天,天乃興不道而喪道?何有福善益謙之賞,禍淫害盈之罰焉?
又既禍亂反逆皆由天命,則聖人設教,責人不責天,罪物不罪命,是不當也!然則《詩》刺亂政,《書》讚王道,《禮》稱安上,《樂》號移風,豈是奉上天之意,順造化之心乎?是知專此教者,未能原人。

原人論序
2 斥偏淺

CBETA Code: T1886

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