---
title: "比丘尼傳 · 1 晉竹林寺淨撿尼傳"
description: "比丘尼传由南朝梁代僧官宝唱撰著于六世纪初。全书共四卷，收录了自西晋至梁代共六十五位比丘尼的传记。它详细记载了这些杰出尼师的修行经历、弘法事迹与神异感应，是研究中国早期佛教史，特别是女性修行者发展的重要第一手文献。作为中国乃至世界现存最早的比丘尼传记总集，该书不仅填补了佛教史传的空白，更彰显了比丘尼僧团在佛教发展中的重要地位与贡献，具有极高的史料与宗教价值。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cme5lyzrv0006jl0442tc34oc"
---

### 晉竹林寺淨撿尼傳一

淨撿，本姓仲，名令儀，彭城人也。父誕，武威太守。撿少好學，早寡家貧。常為貴遊子女教授琴書。聞法信樂，莫由諮稟。後遇沙門法始，經道通達。晉建興中於宮城西門立寺，撿乃造之，始為說法。撿因大悟，念及強壯，以求法利，從始借經，遂達旨趣。他日謂始曰：「經中云：『比丘、比丘尼』，願見濟度。」始曰：「西域有男女二眾，此土其法未具。」撿曰：「既云比丘、比丘尼，寧有異法？」始曰：「外國人云：尼有五百戒，便應是異。當為問和上。」和尚云：「尼戒大同細異，不得其法，必不得授。尼有十戒，得從大僧受。但無和上尼，無所依止耳。」撿即剃落，從和上受十戒，同其志者二十四人，於宮城西門共立竹林寺。未有尼師，共諮淨撿，過於成德和上者，西域沙門智山也。住罽賓國，寬和有智思雅習禪誦。晉永嘉末來達中夏，分衛自資，語必弘道。時信淺薄，莫知祈稟。建武元年還反罽賓，後竺佛圖澄還述其德業，皆追恨焉。撿蓄徒養眾清雅有節，說法教化如風靡草。晉咸康中沙門僧建，於月支國得僧祇尼羯磨及戒本。升平元年二月八日，洛陽請外國沙門曇摩羯多為立戒壇，晉沙門釋道場以《戒因緣經》為難云：「其法不成。」因浮舟于泗，撿等四人同壇上從大僧以受具戒。晉土有比丘尼，亦撿為始也。當其羯磨之日，殊香芬馥，闔眾同聞，莫不欣歎加其敬仰。善修戒行，志學不休，信施雖多，隨得隨散，常自後己，每先於人。到升平末，忽復聞前香，并見赤氣，有一女人手把五色花自空而下。撿見欣然，因語眾曰：「好持後事，我今行矣。」執手辭別，騰空而上。所行之路有似虹蜺，直屬于天。時年七十矣。

> Jing Jian, whose lay surname was Zhong and personal name Lingyi, was a native of Pengcheng. Her father, Dan, served as the Governor of Wuwei. Jian was fond of learning from a young age but was widowed early and her family was poor. She often taught the zither and calligraphy to the children of wealthy and noble families. Upon hearing the Dharma, she believed and took joy in it, but had no way to inquire or receive instruction. Later, she met the monk Fashi, who was well-versed in the scriptures and teachings. During the Jianxing era of the Jin dynasty (313–317), a monastery was established at the west gate of the palace city, so Jian visited it. Fashi began to preach the Dharma for her. Jian experienced a great awakening and, realizing her youth and strength could be used for the benefit of the Dharma, she borrowed scriptures from Fashi and soon grasped their essential meaning. One day, she said to Fashi, "The scriptures speak of 'bhikshus and bhikshunis.' I wish to receive ordination." Fashi replied, "In the Western regions, there are both male and female assemblies, but here in this land, the rules for women have not yet been fully established." Jian said, "Since the scriptures mention both bhikshus and bhikshunis, how could there be different rules?" Fashi answered, "According to foreign teachers, bhikshunis have five hundred precepts—so there are differences. I should ask the master about this." The master said, "The precepts for bhikshunis are largely the same as for bhikshus, but with minor differences. Without the proper transmission, they cannot be conferred. Bhikshunis have ten precepts that may be received from the full monastic community, but they have no bhikshuni preceptor to rely upon." Jian then shaved her head and received the ten precepts from the master. Along with twenty-four like-minded women, she established the Bamboo Grove Monastery at the west gate of the palace city. At that time, there was no bhikshuni teacher; their reliance upon Jing Jian surpassed even the virtuous master. The Western region monk Zhishan, who resided in the country of Jibin, was gentle and wise, well-versed in meditation and scripture recitation. He came to China at the end of the Yongjia era (late 3rd–early 4th century), sustained himself by alms, and always taught the Dharma. The faithful at that time were shallow and did not know how to seek instruction. In the first year of the Jianwu era (317), Zhishan returned to Jibin. Later, when the monk Fotucheng recounted his virtues and achievements, everyone deeply regretted their negligence. Jian gathered disciples and supported them with purity and dignity. Her teachings transformed people as effortlessly as wind bends the grass. During the Xiankang era (335–342), the monk Seng Jian obtained the \*Samghika Bhikshuni Karma\* and \*Prātimokṣa\* from the Yuezhi kingdom. On the eighth day of the second month in the first year of the Shengping era (357), at Luoyang, the foreign monk Dharmagata was invited to establish an ordination platform. The Jin monk Shih Daochang raised an objection using the \*Sutra on the Causes and Conditions of Precepts\*, saying, "This method is not valid." Thus, taking a boat on the Si River, Jing Jian and three others ascended the same platform together with the full monastic community and received the complete precepts. The establishment of bhikshunis in China began with Jing Jian. On the day of the karmic ceremony, an extraordinary fragrance filled the air, and the entire assembly sensed it. Everyone rejoiced and revered her even more. She diligently cultivated the precepts and vowed to never cease her studies. Though she received many offerings, she distributed them as soon as they came, always putting others before herself. At the end of the Shengping era (361), she suddenly smelled the same fragrance again and saw a red vapor. A woman holding five-colored flowers descended from the sky. Jian was delighted and said to the assembly, "Take good care of what follows. I am now departing." Holding hands in farewell, she ascended into the sky. The path she traveled resembled a rainbow, stretching straight up to heaven. She was seventy years old at the time.