---
title: "道德經（老子河上公注） · 益謙第二十二"
description: "道德经是春秋时期老子所著的哲学经典，河上公注本是汉代河上公所作的权威注释版本。该书产生于先秦思想百家争鸣的背景下，以道为核心概念，阐述无为而治、道法自然的哲学思想，包含宇宙观、治国方略与修身智慧。河上公注本通过经世致用的解读，使深奥经义更易传播，虽非佛教典籍，但其清静无为的思想与佛教般若空观形成哲学对话，在大乘佛教中国化过程中成为重要的文化参照，为汉传佛教吸收本土思想提供了理论桥梁。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmg365r2j000ol5047n951g2v"
---
### 益謙
> Humility
曲則全，曲己從眾，不自專，則全其身也。枉則直，枉，屈己而伸人，久久自得直也。窪則盈，地窪下，水流之；人謙下，德歸之。敝則新，自受弊薄，後己先人，天下敬之，久久自新也。少則得，自受取少則得多也，天道祐謙，神明託虛。多則惑。財多者，惑於所守，學多者，惑於所聞。是以聖人抱一為天下式。抱，守也。式，法也。聖人守一，乃知萬事，故能為天下法式也。不自見故明，聖人不以其目視千里之外也，乃因天下之目以視，故能明達也。不自是故彰，聖人不自以為是而非人，故能彰顯於世。不自伐故有功，伐，取也。聖人德化流行，不自取其美，故有功於天下。不自矜故長。矜，大也。聖人不自貴大，故能久不危。夫惟不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。此言天下賢與不肖，無能與不爭者爭也。古之所謂曲則全者，豈虛言哉。傳古言，曲從則全身，此言非虛妄也。誠全而歸之。誠，實也。能行曲從者，實其肌體，歸之於父母，無有傷害也。
> To yield is to be preserved whole.Bending oneself to follow others, not being self-willed, preserves one's wholeness. To be bent is to become straight.Bending means humbling oneself to let others rise; in time, one naturally becomes upright. To be hollow is to be filled.When the ground is low, water flows into it; when a person is humble, virtue returns to them. To be worn out is to be renewed.Accepting wear and hardship, putting others before oneself, wins the respect of all—and in time, one is renewed. To have little is to gain.Those who take little for themselves gain much; Heaven aids the humble, and the spirit dwells in emptiness. To have much is to be confused.Those with much wealth are troubled by guarding it; those with much learning are troubled by what they hear. Therefore the sage holds to the One and becomes the model for the world.Hold means to keep. Model means standard. The sage, keeping to the One, understands all things, and so can serve as the world's standard. Not seeing oneself, one sees clearly.The sage does not rely on his own eyes to see beyond a thousand miles, but uses the eyes of all—thus he sees with clarity. Not being self-righteous, one shines forth.The sage does not insist he is right and others are wrong, and so he shines in the world. Not boasting of one's deeds, one accomplishes.Boast means to claim. The sage's virtue flows everywhere, yet he does not claim the credit, and so his work benefits the world. Not being proud, one endures.Proud means to exalt oneself. The sage does not inflate his own importance, and so he remains safe for long. Because he does not compete, no one in the world can compete with him.This says that among all people, wise or foolish, none can contend with one who does not contend. The ancient saying, "To yield is to be preserved whole"—how could it be empty words?This ancient saying that yielding brings wholeness is not false. Truly, one returns to wholeness.Truly means genuinely. One who practices yielding keeps his body intact, returns to his parents without harm.