---
title: "道德經（老子河上公注） · 獨立第八十"
description: "道德经是春秋时期老子所著的哲学经典，河上公注本是汉代河上公所作的权威注释版本。该书产生于先秦思想百家争鸣的背景下，以道为核心概念，阐述无为而治、道法自然的哲学思想，包含宇宙观、治国方略与修身智慧。河上公注本通过经世致用的解读，使深奥经义更易传播，虽非佛教典籍，但其清静无为的思想与佛教般若空观形成哲学对话，在大乘佛教中国化过程中成为重要的文化参照，为汉传佛教吸收本土思想提供了理论桥梁。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmg372wew000jl104ubsxz9sx"
---

### 獨立

> Independence

小國寡民，聖人雖治大國，猶以為小，儉約不奢泰。民雖眾，猶若寡少，不敢勞之也。使有什伯，使民各有部曲什伯，貴賤不相犯也。人之器而不用，器謂農，人之器而不用，不徵召奪民良時也。使民重死，君能為民興利除害，各得其所，則民重死而貪生也。而不遠徙。政令不煩則民安其業，故不遠遷徙離其常處也。雖有舟輿，無所乘之；清靜無為，不作煩華，不好出入遊娛也。雖有甲兵，無所陳之。無怨惡於天下。使民復結繩而用之，去文反質，信無欺也。甘其食，甘其蔬食，不漁食百姓也。美其服，美其惡衣，不貴五色。安其居，安其茅茨，不好文飾之屋。樂其俗。樂其質樸之俗，不轉移也。鄰國相望，雞犬之聲相聞，相去近也。民至老死不相往來。其無情欲。

> A small state with few people. Even when a sage governs a large state, they act as if it were small—practicing frugality, not extravagance or excess. Though the people may be many, the ruler regards them as if they were few, careful not to overwork them. They ensure the people have their own groups and units, so nobles and commoners don't infringe on each other. They let the people keep their tools, but do not use them—tools meaning farming implements—so as not to conscript people and rob them of good farming time. They make the people value death, meaning the ruler who brings benefit and removes harm so each person can find their place will cause people to treasure life and fear death. And they keep the people from moving far away, meaning if laws and orders are not harsh, the people are content with their work and won't abandon their homes to migrate. Though there are boats and chariots, there's no reason to ride in them—living simply without striving, not engaging in frivolous entertainment or travel. Though there are weapons and armor, there's no place to deploy them—having no grievances or grudges against anyone in the world. They make the people return to using knotted ropes to record events—abandoning sophistication for simplicity, having faith without deception. They find sweetness in their food—finding contentment in simple vegetables, not feasting at the expense of others. They take pleasure in their clothing—finding beauty in humble clothes, without valuing bright colors. They are at ease in their homes—comfortable in thatched huts, not craving ornate dwellings. They delight in their customs—enjoying the simple, straightforward traditions without seeking change. Neighboring countries face each other, the sounds of dogs barking and roosters crowing can be heard between them—meaning they live close by. Yet the people grow old and die without going back and forth between them—having no desires or cravings that would drive them away from their simple life.