---
title: "洛陽伽藍記合校本 · 法雲寺"
description: "北魏杨衒之撰写的洛阳伽蓝记是一部记述北魏都城洛阳佛教寺院兴衰的地方志著作。张宗祥先生的合校本综合历代版本精校而成具有很高学术价值。该书以北魏洛阳城佛寺为纲目详述了孝文帝迁都后洛阳佛教的鼎盛景象包括永宁寺等名刹的规模与盛况同时穿插了政治历史社会风俗和人物轶事。它不仅是研究北魏历史佛教史和中古城市建筑的重要文献更被誉为中国佛教地理志的开山之作为了解南北朝佛教艺术与社会变迁提供了珍贵的一手资料。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgmyl0pb0iktl1047bujgi7w"
---

### 法雲寺

> Fayun Temple

西域烏塲漢魏陽國胡沙門曇如隱照曠僧摩羅所立也在光寶寺西隔墻並門摩羅聰慧利根學窮釋氏至中國即曉魏言隸書凡所如隱無所字聞見無不通解是以道俗貴賤同歸仰之作祗洹如隱照曠有寺字一所工制照曠製甚精佛殿僧房皆為胡漢魏塗飾丹素照曠青炫漢魏發彩金碧如隱照曠玉垂輝摹寫真容似丈六之見鹿苑神光壯麗若金剛之在雙林伽藍之内珍如隱照曠花果蔚茂芳草蔓合嘉木照曠樹被庭京師沙門好胡法者皆就摩羅受持之戒行真苦難可揄揚秘呪神驗閻浮所無漢魏有也字呪枯樹能生枝葉呪人變為驢馬見之莫不忻怖西域所齎漢魏賣舍利骨及佛牙經像皆在此寺寺北有侍中尚書令漢魏無令字臨淮王彧宅彧博通典籍辨慧清悟如隱恬風儀詳審容止可觀至三元肇慶萬國齊臻貂蟬耀首如隱照曠齊珍金貂曜首寶玉鳴腰負荷執笏逶迤複道觀者忘疲莫不歎服彧性愛林泉漢魏山林又重賔客至春風扇柳如隱照曠楊花樹如錦晨食南館夜遊後園僚寀成羣俊民滿席絲桐發響如隱綠君响羽觴流行詩賦並陳清言乍起莫不領如隱照曠飲其玄奧忘其褊恡焉是以入彧室者謂登仙也荊州秀才張裴裳漢魏有常字為五言有清拔之句云異林如隱秋照曠注云一作秋花共色別樹鳥同聲彧以蛟龍錦賜之亦有得緋紬緋綾者惟河東裴子明為詩不工罰酒一石子明八斗如隱日照曠注云一作日而醉眠時人譬之山濤及尒朱兆入京師彧為亂兵所害朝野痛惜焉出西陽門外四里御道南有洛陽大市周廻八里市東如隱無東字照曠注云一多一東字南有皇女臺漢大將軍梁冀所造猶高五丈漢魏尺餘景明中比邱道恒立靈仙寺漢魏無寺字於其上臺西有河陽縣臺中有侍中侯剛如隱照曠釗宅市西北有土山魚池亦冀之所造即漢書所謂採土築山十里九坂以象二崤者市東有通商達漢魏逵貨二里里内之人盡皆工巧屠販為生資財巨萬有劉寶者最為富室州郡都會之處皆立一宅各養馬一疋至於鹽粟貴賤市價高下所在一例舟車所通足漢魏人跡所履莫不商販焉是以海内之貨咸萃其庭產匹銅山家藏金穴宅宇踰制樓觀出雲車馬服飾擬於王者市南有調音樂律漢魏肆二里里内之人絲竹謳歌天下妙伎出焉有田僧超者善吹笳能為壯士歌項羽吟征西將軍崔延伯甚愛之正光末高平失據虎如隱虐照曠注云一作虐吏充斥賊帥万俟如隱綠君侯醜奴冦暴涇岐之間朝廷為之如隱無之字旰食延伯總歩騎五萬討之延伯出師於洛陽城西張方橋即漢之夕陽亭也時公卿祖道車騎成列延伯危冠長劍耀武於前僧超吹壯士笛歌如隱無歌字曲於後聞者懦夫成勇劍客思奮延伯膽略不羣威名卓如隱照曠早著為國展力二漢魏三十餘年攻無全漢魏牢城戰無橫陣是以朝廷傾心送之延伯每臨陣如隱場常如隱照曠無常字令僧超為壯士聲甲冑之士踴躍延伯如隱無此二字單馬入陣旁漢魏傍若無人勇冠三軍威棖戎豎二年之間獻捷相繼醜奴募善射者射漢魏中僧超亡延伯悲惜哀慟左右謂伯牙之失鍾子漢魏無子字期不能過也後延伯為流矢所中卒於軍中於是五萬之師一時潰散市西有退酤治觴二里里内之人多釀酒為業河東人劉白墮善能釀酒季夏六月時暑赫晞漢魏羲以甖貯酒曝如隱暴於日中經一旬其酒不動飲之香美醉而如隱而醉經月不醒京師朝貴多出郡登藩遠相餉饋踰於千里以其遠至號曰鶴觴亦名騎驢酒永熙年中南青州刺史毛鴻賔齎酒至藩漢魏番路逢刦賊盜如隱綠君逢路賊盜照曠無刦字飲之即醉皆被擒獲因此復為如隱因復命照曠因復名擒奸酒游俠語曰不畏張弓拔刀惟畏白墮春醪市北有如隱漢魏無有字慈孝奉終二里里内之漢魏無之字人以賣棺槨為業賃輀漢魏轜車為事有輓歌孫巖娶妻三年不脫衣而卧巖因怪之伺其睡隂解其衣有毛漢魏毛上有三字長三尺似野狐尾巖懼而出之妻臨去將刀截巖髮而走鄰人逐漢魏追之變成一狐追之不得其後京邑被截髮者一百三十餘人初變婦人衣服靚妝行於道如隱照曠無此二字路人見而悅近之皆被截髮漢魏悅之近者被截髮當時有婦人着漢魏著綵衣者人皆指為漢魏其狐魅熙平二年四月有此至漢魏至此秋乃止別有準財金肆二里富人在焉凡此十里多諸工商貨殖之民千金比屋層樓對出對出如隱空格重門啟扇閣道交通迭相臨望金銀錦繡奴婢緹衣錦漢魏緹緹漢魏裳五味八珍僕隸畢口神龜年中以工商上僭議不聽衣如隱照曠無議字衣字金銀錦漢魏緹繡雖立此制竟不施行如隱綠君連下條

> In the western region of Udyana, a state of the Western Regions (during the Han and Wei dynasties), a foreign monk named Dharmamitra established a monastery. It was located west of the Guangbao Temple, separated by a wall and sharing a gate. Dharmamitra was intelligent and sharp-witted, having thoroughly mastered Buddhist teachings. Upon arriving in China, he quickly learned the Wei language and Chinese script. Nothing he heard or saw was beyond his understanding. Therefore, both the clergy and laity, regardless of status, revered and looked up to him. He built a Jetavana monastery, which was exquisitely crafted. The Buddha hall and monks' quarters were all decorated in the foreign style, painted with vermilion and white, shimmering with vibrant colors, and adorned with gold and jade that shone brilliantly. The true likeness of the Buddha, depicted as a sixteen-foot tall figure, seemed to appear at the Deer Park. The divine radiance and grandeur resembled that of the Vajra at the Twin Trees. Within the monastery, precious fruits and flowers grew luxuriantly, fragrant grasses intertwined, and fine trees shaded the courtyard. Monks in the capital who favored the foreign Dharma all came to Dharmamitra to receive and uphold the precepts. His practice was genuinely ascetic and beyond praise. His secret mantras were divinely efficacious, unparalleled in the Jambudvīpa world. Reciting them could make withered trees sprout branches and leaves, or transform a person into a donkey or horse. Those who witnessed this were both amazed and frightened. Relics, Buddha's tooth relics, scriptures, and images brought from the Western Regions were all housed in this monastery. To the north of the monastery was the residence of Yu, the Attendant-in-Waiting and President of the Department of State Affairs (and Prince of Linhuai). Yu was well-versed in classics and records, eloquent, wise, and serene. His demeanor was refined and dignified, and his appearance was admirable. During the New Year celebrations, when envoys from all nations gathered, he would wear a marten-tail cap and jade ornaments that tinkled as he moved, carrying a tally and a tablet, walking gracefully along the covered walkways. Onlookers, forgetting their fatigue, could not help but marvel and admire. Yu loved forests and springs, and also valued guests. When spring breezes stirred the willows and flowers and trees were like brocade, he would dine in the southern hall during the morning and roam in the rear garden at night. His staff and friends formed a crowd, and worthy men filled his seats. The sounds of zithers and strings would arise, and cups of wine would circulate. Poems and prose were presented together, and refined conversations would suddenly begin. Everyone who entered his presence grasped the profound and subtle, forgetting their own narrow-mindedness and stinginess. Therefore, those who entered Yu's chamber thought they had ascended to immortality. Zhang Peichang, a scholar from Jingzhou, wrote a five-character poem with an exceptionally clear and elevated line: "Different trees share one flower, separate branches birds with the same voice." Yu rewarded him with brocade of a dragon and serpent pattern. Others received crimson silk or crimson damask. Only Pei Ziming from Hedong, whose poetry was unskilled, was fined a peck of wine. After drinking eight pints, he fell asleep drunk, and people of the time compared him to Shan Tao. When Erzhu Zhao entered the capital, Yu was killed by the rebel soldiers, causing grief among the court and the people. Leaving the Xiyang Gate and traveling four li south of the Imperial Road, one finds the Great Market of Luoyang, which was eight li in circumference. To the southeast of the market was the Imperial Daughter's Platform, built by Grand General Liang Ji of the Han dynasty, still remaining over five zhang high. During the Jingming era, the monk Daohong established the Lingxian Monastery on top of it. West of the platform was Heyang County, and within the platform was the residence of Attendant-in-Waiting Hou Gang. To the northwest of the market were an earthen hill and a fish pond, also built by Liang Ji—this is what the \*History of the Han\* refers to as "piling earth to build a hill, ten li long with nine slopes, imitating the two Yao mountains." To the east of the market were the two lanes of Tongshang and Dahu. The people in these lanes were all skilled artisans, making a living by butchering and trading, with assets amounting to tens of thousands. Among them, Liu Bao was the wealthiest. In every prefectural and commandery capital, he established a residence, keeping one horse at each. As for the prices of salt and grain, the market rates were consistent everywhere. Wherever boats and carts could reach, wherever human footprints trod, he engaged in trade. Thus, goods from all over the country gathered in his courtyard. His wealth rivaled that of a copper mountain; his family treasury was like a cave of gold. His buildings exceeded regulations; his towers stood above the clouds. His carriages, horses, clothing, and ornaments rivaled those of a king. To the south of the market were the two lanes of Tiaoyin and Yuelu. The people in these lanes were skilled in string and wind instruments, songs, and dances—the finest performers in the world. Among them was Tian Sengchao, who was skilled at playing the reed pipe, able to perform the "Ballad of the Hero" and the "Lament of Xiang Yu." General-in-Chief Cui Yanbo greatly admired him. At the end of the Zhengguang era, Gaoping fell into disorder; cruel officials abounded. The rebel leader Moqi Chounu ravaged the Jing and Qi regions, causing the court to worry so much that they ate late. Yanbo led fifty thousand infantry and cavalry to suppress him. Yanbo set out from the west of Luoyang at Zhangfang Bridge, which was the Xiyang Pavilion of the Han dynasty. At that time, high officials and nobles saw him off, and the chariots and horsemen formed a line. Yanbo, wearing a tall hat and carrying a long sword, displayed his might at the front, while Sengchao played the hero's flute and sang behind him. Those who heard it, even cowards, became brave, and swordsmen were inspired to fight. Yanbo was exceptionally bold and courageous; his prestige was well-established. He had served the state for over thirty years, attacking without encountering an unconquerable city, fighting without facing an unbreakable formation. Therefore, the court sent him off with all their hearts. Whenever Yanbo went into battle, he always had Sengchao play the hero's melody, causing the armored warriors to leap with excitement. Yanbo would charge alone into enemy ranks, looking around as if no one were there. His bravery was unsurpassed in the three armies, and his might intimidated the barbarian bandits. For two years, reports of victory came one after another. Chounu then hired a skilled archer to shoot and kill Sengchao. Yanbo grieved deeply, and his sorrow moved those around him. It was said that even Boya's loss of Zhongziqi could not surpass this. Later, Yanbo was struck by a stray arrow and died in the army. At that time, the fifty-thousand-strong army completely disbanded. To the west of the market were the two lanes of Tuiyu and Zhishang. The people in these lanes were mostly engaged in brewing wine. A man from Hedong named Liu Baiduo excelled at brewing. In the height of summer, during the intense heat, he would store wine in jars and expose them to the sun for ten days. The wine would not spoil. When drunk, it was fragrant and delicious, and one would stay drunk for a month without waking. High officials and nobles in the capital, when going to commanderies or returning envoys, often sent it as gifts over long distances. Because it arrived from afar, it was called "Crane Wine" or "Donkey-Riding Wine." During the Yongxi era, Mao Hongbin, the Governor of Qingzhou, brought this wine to his garrison. On the way, he encountered bandits who drank it and became drunk, and were all captured. Because of this, it was also called "Bandit-Catching Wine." A traveling knight's saying went: "Fear not drawing a bow or pulling a sword; only dread Baiduo's spring brew." To the north of the market were the two lanes of Cixiao and Fengzhong. The people in these lanes made a living selling coffins and renting funeral carriages. There was a man named Sun Yan who performed funeral songs. He married a woman who, for three years, never took off her clothes while sleeping. Yan found this strange and secretly checked her while she was asleep. He undid her clothes and found hair three feet long, like a fox's tail. Frightened, Yan divorced her. As his wife left, she took a knife, cut off Yan's hair, and fled. The neighbors chased her, but she turned into a fox and was not caught. After that, over 130 people in the capital had their hair cut off. At first, she transformed into a woman, dressed beautifully, and walked on the road. When passersby saw her and were attracted to her, they were all robbed of their hair. At that time, any woman wearing colorful clothes was pointed at as a fox spirit. This phenomenon began in the fourth month of the second year of the Xiping era and only stopped in autumn. There were also the two lanes of Zhuncao and Jinsi, where the wealthy lived. Among these ten lanes, many were merchants and artisans, wealthy people who made their living through trade. Families with a thousand pieces of gold lived side by side; multi-storied buildings faced each other, with numerous gates opening and covered walkways connecting them, allowing people to overlook each other. Gold, silver, brocade, and embroidery adorned the garments of servants and maids; all kinds of delicacies were served to the mouths of attendants. During the Shengui era, due to the extravagance of merchants and artisans, it was debated that they should not be allowed to wear gold, silver, brocade, or embroidery. Although this regulation was established, it was never enforced.