---
title: "洛陽伽藍記合校本 · 開善寺"
description: "北魏杨衒之撰写的洛阳伽蓝记是一部记述北魏都城洛阳佛教寺院兴衰的地方志著作。张宗祥先生的合校本综合历代版本精校而成具有很高学术价值。该书以北魏洛阳城佛寺为纲目详述了孝文帝迁都后洛阳佛教的鼎盛景象包括永宁寺等名刹的规模与盛况同时穿插了政治历史社会风俗和人物轶事。它不仅是研究北魏历史佛教史和中古城市建筑的重要文献更被誉为中国佛教地理志的开山之作为了解南北朝佛教艺术与社会变迁提供了珍贵的一手资料。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgmyl0pb0ikul104c9qa1ii0"
---

準財里内有開善寺京兆人韋英宅也英早卒其妻梁氏不治喪而嫁更納如隱綠君約河内人向子集為夫雖云改嫁仍居英宅英聞梁氏嫁白漢魏向日來歸乘馬將數人至於庭前呼曰阿梁卿忘我也子集驚怖張弓射之應弦漢魏箭而倒即變為桃人所騎之馬亦變漢魏化為茅馬從者數人盡化為蒲人梁氏惶懼捨宅為寺南陽人侯慶有銅像一軀可高丈餘慶有牛一頭擬為金色遇急事遂以牛他用之經二年慶妻馬氏忽夢此像謂之曰卿夫婦負我金色久而不償今取卿兒醜漢魏丑下同多以償金漢魏無金字色焉照曠無焉字馬氏悟覺漢魏無馬氏二字悟覺作覺悟心不遑安至曉醜多得病而亡慶年五十惟有一子悲哀之聲感於行路醜多亡日像自然漢魏有金色光照四鄰一里之内咸聞香氣僧漢魏道俗長幼皆來觀覩尚書右僕射元稹綠君慎案魏書作瑱聞里内頻有怪異遂改準財里如隱照曠無里字為齊諧里也自退酤以西張方溝水如隱照曠以東南臨洛水北達芒山其間東西二里南北十五里並名為壽邱里皇宗所居漢魏立也民間號為王子坊當時四海晏清八荒率職縹漢魏珠囊紀慶玉燭調辰百姓殷阜年登俗樂鰥寡不聞犬豕之食煢獨不見牛馬漢魏羊之衣於是帝族王侯外戚公主擅山海之富居川林之饒爭修園宅互相誇競崇門豐室洞戶連房飛館生風重樓起霧高臺芳榭漢魏樹家家而築花林曲池園園而有莫不漢魏無此二字桃李夏綠竹柏冬青而河間王琛最為豪首常與高陽爭衡漢魏行造文柏堂形如徽音殿置玉井金罐以五色絲績為繩如隱以金五色績為繩漢魏以金五色續為繩妓女三百人盡皆國色有婢朝雲善吹箎能為團扇歌壟上聲琛為秦州刺史諸羗外叛屢討之照曠無之字不降琛令朝雲假為貧嫗吹箎而乞諸羗聞之悉皆流涕迭相謂曰何為棄墳井在山谷為冦也即相率歸降秦民語曰快馬健兒不如老嫗吹箎琛在秦州多無政績遣使向西域求名馬遠至波斯國得千里馬號曰追風赤驥漢魏其次有七百里者漢魏馬十餘疋皆有名字以銀為槽金為瑣漢魏鏁環照曠鐶諸王服其豪富琛常如隱照曠無常字語人云晉室漢魏無此二字石崇乃是庶姓猶能雉頭狐腋如隱漢魏掖畫卵如隱卯漢魏茆雕薪况我大魏天潢如隱漢魏王不為華侈造迎風館於後園窗戶之上列錢青鎻玉鳳衘鈴金龍吐珮素柰朱李枝條入簷伎女樓上坐而摘食琛常會宗室陳諸寶器金瓶銀瓮百餘口甌檠盤盒稱是自餘酒器漢魏以上十五字在西域而來句下又無酒器二字有水晶鉢瑪瑙盃琉璃漢魏無盃字琉字璃作󸙲碗赤玉巵數十枚作工奇妙中土所無皆從漢魏自西域而來又陳女樂及諸名馬復引諸王按行府庫錦罽如隱𦋺珠璣冰羅霧縠充積其内繡纈漢魏緹紬如隱照曠油綾絲綵越葛錢絹等不可數計漢魏越葛作葛越絹下有布字數作勝琛忽謂章武王融曰不恨我不見石崇恨石崇不見我融立性貪暴志欲無限見之惋歎不覺生疾還家卧三日不起江陽王漢魏無王字繼來省疾謂曰卿之財產應得抗衡何為歎羨以至於此融曰常謂高陽一人寶貨多於如隱照曠無於字融誰知河間瞻之在前繼笑曰卿欲作袁術之在淮南不知世間復有劉備也融乃蹶起置酒作樂於時國家殷富庫藏盈溢錢絹露積漢魏無積字於廊者不可較漢魏校數及太后賜百官絹如隱照曠絹上有負字任意自取朝臣漢魏廷莫不稱力而去惟融與陳留侯李崇負絹過性漢魏空格蹶倒傷踝侍中崔光止取兩疋漢魏無以上八字太后問侍中何少對曰臣有兩手惟堪兩疋所獲多矣朝貴服其清亷經河隂之役漢魏投諸元殲盡王侯第宅多題為寺壽邱里間如隱綠君閭列刹相望祗洹鬱起寶塔高凌四月初八日漢魏凌作臨八上無初字京師士女多至河間寺觀其廊漢魏殿廡綺麗無不歎息以為蓬萊仙室亦不是漢魏足過入其後園見溝瀆蹇產石漢魏空格磴嶕嶢朱荷出池如隱也漢魏地綠萍浮水飛梁跨閣高樹出雲如隱樹上空格漢魏作飛梁跨樹層閣出雲咸皆唧唧照曠嘖嘖雖梁王兎苑想之不如也

> Within the Zhun-cai Ward, there was the Kai-shan Monastery, which was originally the residence of a man named Wei Ying from the capital region. Wei Ying died young, and his wife, Lady Liang, did not hold proper funeral rites but instead remarried. She took a man from He-nei named Xiang Zi-ji as her husband. Although she was remarried, she continued to live in Wei Ying's house. When Wei Ying learned of Lady Liang's remarriage, he returned home in broad daylight. Riding a horse and accompanied by several followers, he arrived at the courtyard and called out, "O Liang, have you forgotten me?" Xiang Zi-ji was terrified. He drew his bow and shot at Wei Ying. The arrow struck him, and he immediately collapsed, turning into a peach-wood figure. The horse Wei Ying rode also transformed into a horse made of reeds, while his followers all turned into rush figures. Lady Liang, terrified and remorseful, abandoned the residence and converted it into a monastery. A man from Nan-yang named Hou Qing had a bronze Buddha statue about ten feet high. He also had an ox intended to pay for gilding the statue. However, when he faced an urgent situation, he used the ox for something else. Two years passed, and Hou Qing's wife, Ma-shi, suddenly dreamed that the statue said to her, "You and your husband have owed me the gilding for a long time without repayment. Now I will take your son Chou-duo in exchange for the gilding." When Ma-shi woke up, she was deeply uneasy. By dawn, Chou-duo fell ill and died. Hou Qing was fifty years old with only this one son. His cries of grief moved all who passed by. On the day Chou-duo died, the statue naturally shone with a golden light, illuminating the entire neighborhood. Everyone within a mile could smell a fragrant fragrance. Monks and laypeople, young and old, all came to witness it. The Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Yuan Zhen, heard of these frequent strange occurrences in the ward and thus changed its name from Zhun-cai Ward to Qi-xie Ward. From the Tui-gu area westward to the Zhang-fang Ditch, and from the south reaching the Luo River to the north extending to Mount Mang, the area spanned two \*li\* from east to west and fifteen \*li\* from north to south, all called Shou-qiu Ward. It was where the imperial clan resided, and it was popularly known as the Quarter of Princes. At that time, the four seas were at peace, and all regions submitted to imperial rule. Omens of celebration appeared, and the seasons were harmonious. The people were prosperous, the harvests brought joy, and even widows and orphans did not know the taste of dog or pig food, nor did the solitary and childless wear clothing made of cow or sheep hide. Then, imperial clansmen, princes, marquises, and imperial relatives vied to dominate the wealth of mountains and seas, possessing the abundance of rivers and forests. They competed to build garden mansions, each trying to outdo the other. Grand gates, spacious halls, interconnecting houses, soaring pavilions that seemed to create wind, multi-storied towers that appeared to raise mist; each home built lofty terraces and fragrant arbors, every garden had flowery groves and winding ponds. It was common for peach and plum trees to be green in summer, and bamboo and cypress to remain verdant in winter. Prince of He-jian, Yuan Chen, was the most extravagant of all. He constantly vied with the Prince of Gao-yang. He built the Wen-bo Hall, shaped like the Hui-yin Hall, and installed a jade well with a golden pitcher, the rope made of five-colored silk strands. He had three hundred female entertainers, all matchless beauties. Among his maids was one named Chao-yun, who was skilled at playing the \*chi\* flute, performing the "Round Fan Song" and tunes of the frontier. When Chen was governor of Qin Province, various Qiang tribes rebelled. He repeatedly campaigned against them but they would not surrender. Chen then ordered Chao-yun to disguise herself as a poor old woman and beg while playing her flute. Hearing her, the Qiang all wept and said to one another, "Why should we abandon our ancestral homes and live as bandits in the mountains?" They then promptly surrendered one after another. People of Qin said, "A fast horse or a strong man is not the equal of an old woman playing the flute." Chen accomplished little in governing Qin Province. He sent envoys to the Western Regions seeking famous horses, going as far as the Persian Kingdom. He obtained a thousand-li horse named "Gale-Chasing Red Steed." Next were horses that could travel seven hundred \*li\* in a day, over ten of them, each with its own name. Their troughs were made of silver and their halters and bridles of gold. All the other princes were impressed by his wealth. Chen often said to others, "Shi Chong, a commoner in the Jin Dynasty, could still use kingfisher feathers in his tents and fox furs in his seat, carve eggs and sculpt firewood. How much more should I, a descendant of the Great Wei royal house, indulge in luxury?" He built the Welcoming-the-Wind Pavilion in his rear garden. The windows were decorated with openwork and hung with coins and blue rings. Jade phoenixes held bells, and golden dragons spit out pendants. White crabapple and red plum branches hung into the eaves, and the female entertainers would sit upstairs and pluck the fruit to eat. Chen often gathered the imperial clan to display his precious utensils: gold vases and silver urns, over a hundred items; cups, trays, and boxes of similar count; and other wine vessels included crystal bowls, agate cups, glazed glass bowls, and red jade goblets, dozens of them. Each item was exquisitely crafted, unmatched in the Central Plain — all obtained from the Western Regions. He also presented his female entertainers and famous horses, and then led the princes on an inspection of his storehouses. Woolen carpets, pearls and gems, ice-silk and misty gauze filled them. Embroidered fabrics, fine silks, and colorful patterned silks beyond count. Chen suddenly said to Prince of Zhang-wu, Yuan Rong, "I do not regret not having seen Shi Chong, but I regret that Shi Chong never saw me!" Rong was naturally greedy and insatiable. Seeing this, he heaved a sigh, so overcome with envy that he fell ill. He returned home and lay in bed for three days without getting up. Prince of Jiang-yang, Yuan Ji, came to visit him and said, "Your wealth should be comparable to his. Why do you envy him to the point of illness?" Rong replied, "I always thought the Prince of Gao-yang alone possessed more treasure than I. Who knew the Prince of He-jian was far ahead!" Ji laughed and said, "Are you trying to be Yuan Shu in Huai-nan, ignorant that Liu Bei still existed in the world?" Rong then jumped up and ordered wine and music. At that time, the state was wealthy and prosperous, treasuries were overflowing. Coins and silk were heaped in piles outside the corridors, uncountable. When the Empress Dowager bestowed bolts of silk to officials, allowing them to take as much as they wished, no courtier was not exhausted from carrying their maximum load away. Only Rong and the Marquis of Chen-liu, Li Chong, took so much silk they were burdened, stumbled, and injured their ankles. Attendant Cui Guang took only two bolts. When the Empress Dowager asked why he took so little, he replied, "I only have two hands, so I can only hold two bolts. That is quite enough." The high officials admired his incorruptibility. After the disaster at the Yin River, many of the Yuan clan were exterminated. Most of the princes' and marquises' mansions were converted into temples. In Shou-qiu Ward, monasteries stood facing each other, with \*Jeta-vana\* groves flourishing and pagodas soaring high. On the eighth day of the fourth month, the men and women of the capital would throng to He-jian Temple. Seeing the magnificent and beautiful halls and galleries, they would all sigh, saying that even the Peng-lai Immortal Realm could not surpass it. Entering its rear garden, they saw winding streams, rugged stone steps, red lotuses rising from the pond, green duckweed floating on the water, flying bridges crossing pavilions, and tall trees reaching to the clouds. All exclaimed in admiration, saying that even the Prince of Liang's Rabbit Garden was thought inferior to this.