--- title: "洛陽伽藍記合校本 · 城内卷第一" description: "北魏杨衒之撰写的洛阳伽蓝记是一部记述北魏都城洛阳佛教寺院兴衰的地方志著作。张宗祥先生的合校本综合历代版本精校而成具有很高学术价值。该书以北魏洛阳城佛寺为纲目详述了孝文帝迁都后洛阳佛教的鼎盛景象包括永宁寺等名刹的规模与盛况同时穿插了政治历史社会风俗和人物轶事。它不仅是研究北魏历史佛教史和中古城市建筑的重要文献更被誉为中国佛教地理志的开山之作为了解南北朝佛教艺术与社会变迁提供了珍贵的一手资料。" url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgmyl4yr0inkl104dihja47r" --- ### 城内卷第一 > City Within Chapter 1 在宮前閶闔門桉水經註曰魏明帝上法太極於洛陽起南宮太極殿之故處改雉門為閶闔門此言宮前明非西面次北之閶闔門也閶闔門御道東各本門字下有一前字司徒府南有國子學堂何本無司徒府三字已遙見之已遙何作遙已金象三千軀千何本作十毛本註云十一作千御覽引亦作十布殫土木之功各本皆無布字此疑衍窮造形之巧巧何作力鏗鏘之聲聲何作音中有丈八金象一軀中字上各本多一殿字誤八字當是六字之訛中長金象十軀中字上何本有一人字誤叢竹香草叢何作翠布護階墀護何作濩綺□青瑣□各本作錢□赫麗華□毛作輝皆亦如之皆亦各本作亦皆拱門有四力士四師子何本拱字下有一夾字惟樓二重二各本作兩景字永昌字字何本脫去為律學博士桉魏書官氏志有律博士景本傳亦言公孫良舉為律博士高祖親得其名此學字疑衍治書侍御史高僧裕桉魏書袁翻傳作高綽此舉其字也譔集其議議何作事誤所箸文集所上何本有一景字胡世孝各本俱作胡孝世閻浮所無也句上何多一徧字極物境界物當从各本作佛合掌連日合字上何本多一或字至孝昌二年中何本無中字更鑄新瓶鑄何本作著非是今欲以鐵騎五千騎各本作馬誤五何本作三世跨并肆毛本此句下有英武志略四字臆加人各鑄象人各何本作令別非是蒼頭王豐豐魏書尒朱榮傳作相詢以為主詢各本作約假八議者何本無假字八各本作入皆誤惟黃門侍郎徐統侍字何本無統當从各本作紇長戟指闕長何本作張誤死者三千餘人桉魏書孝莊本紀云公卿以下二千餘人則此三字當从何本作二也驚駭未出莊帝何本脫以上二十字并宅競竄并各本竝作棄此殆因弃而誤錄尚書事各本此句下有餘官如故四字桉下文有餘官皆如故句則此句明係後人臆加正以穅粃萬乘正何本作故出卿於桎梏出字下何本多一公字誤共敘哀辛辛字何本作悴或□生素懷□何本作訢毛本作貳兼利是圖兼各本作義非是此黃門郎祖榮之詞也榮當从各本作瑩郎字上各本有一侍字來赴急急字下何本有一難字握手成列列各本作別顥與數千騎千當从各本作十為社民斬其首社何本作村誤帝恐恐當从各本作怒朕寜作高貴卿公死卿當从各本作鄉榮下車騎將軍尒朱陽都等榮字下各本俱有部字隆與妻鄉郡長公主毛本妻字上有榮字鄉字上有北字按魏書孝莊紀是夜僕射尒朱世隆榮妻鄉郡長公主率榮部曲焚西陽門出屯河隂則毛本有榮字是也又榮本傳榮妻北鄉郡長公主則毛本有北字是也為榮追福齋齋字上各本有一薦字尒朱那律歸那何本作弗綱目作拂造濟生民造當从各本作道一日即得萬人萬字下毛本有一餘字便擊刺便字下各本有一利字誤李荀為水軍桉孝莊紀通直散騎常侍假平西將軍都督李苗以火船焚河橋此荀字或是苗字之誤或另一人無以辨之又桉苗本傳梓潼人則與此言蜀人合也建□元年□各本作元又桉孝莊紀世隆推太原太守行并州刺史長廣王曄為主大赦所部號年建明則□當是明字各本作元非也長廣王□晉陽□各本作都未謂兆得濟各本竝作謂兆未得猝濟不沒馬腹沒何作及冰橋宜於滹水宜當从各本作凝神祗所福福何本作將孟津由膝由膝何本作由漆桉二字疑有差譌天道禍淫淫何作盈遂囚帝還晉陽還何作送錄尚書長孫椎椎當從各本及魏書作稚有火入地尋柱何本作有入地柱火尋柱永寜寺 > At the palace gate, the Changhe GateAccording to the \*Commentary on the Water Classic\*, Emperor Ming of Wei, modeling the Supreme Pole, built the Southern Palace and the Supreme Pole Hall in Luoyang on the original site, changing the Pheasant Gate to Changhe Gate. The text says 'at the palace gate,' so this clearly refers to the Changhe Gate on the south side, not the second one on the west., on the imperial road to the east of it,Various editions have the character 'qian' (front) after the character 'men' (gate). the Director of Agriculture’s office is located, and to the south lies the National AcademyThe He edition lacks the phrase 'Director of Agriculture's office'.. One could already see it from afar.In the He edition, 'yi yao' is written as 'yao yi'. There were three thousand golden statuesIn the He edition, 'thousand' is written as 'ten'; the Mao edition notes that 'ten' was originally 'thousand,' and the \*Imperial Readings\* also says 'ten'., exhausting the work of wood and earth,Various editions lack the character 'bu'. It is suspected here as an interpolation. and reaching the limits of craftsmanship.In the He edition, 'skill' is written as 'strength'. The sound of jade and metalIn the He edition, 'sound' is written as 'tone'. was heard. Among them was one statue, eighteen feet tall;Most editions have the character 'dian' before the word 'zhong'. The character 'eight' is likely an error for 'six'. and ten statues of medium height.The He edition has a mistakenly placed character 'ren' (person) before the word 'zhong'. Thick bamboo and fragrant plantsIn the He edition, 'cong' (thick/clustered) is written as 'cui' (emerald green). spread over the steps and paths.In the He edition, 'hu' (diffused) is written as 'huo' (a type of bell, likely a phonetic error). Ornate windows and decorated portalsThe missing character in various editions is 'qian' (money-like pattern). shone with glorious splendor,The missing character in the Mao edition is 'hui' (brilliance). all equally magnificent.Various editions put the characters as 'yi jie' instead of 'jie yi'. At the arched gate were four guardians and four lions.The He edition has an inserted character 'jia' (to hold) under the character 'gong'. The towers were only two stories high.Various editions use 'liang' (two) instead of 'er'. The era name was 'Jingyong' (Eternal Brightness).The He edition omits the character 'zi' (character, the era name). He became a professor of law.According to the \*Wei Shu: Guan Shi Zhi\* there was a post of Professor of Law. \*Jing ben zhuan\* also says Gongsun Liang recommended him for this post, and the emperor first saw his name. The character 'xue' here is a likely interpolation. He served as Imperial Secretary Gao SengyuAccording to the \*Wei Shu: Yuan Fan Chuan\*, this refers to Gao Chuo; here, his courtesy name is used., and they compiled their discussions.In the He edition, 'discussions' (yi) is mistakenly written as 'affairs' (shi). The collected writingsVarious editions have an added 'Jing' character before 'writings'. of Hu ShixiaoVarious editions put it as 'Hu Xiaoshi' — these cannot be found in Jambudvipa (the whole world).In the He edition, the character 'bian' is added before the sentence. It reaches the utmost realmsShould follow various editions, changing 'wù' (thing) to 'fó' (Buddha)., with palms joined in reverence for days at a time.The He edition has the character 'huo' (maybe, perhaps) before 'with palms joined'. In the second year of the Xiaochang era,The He edition omits 'zhong' (within). they cast a new vessel again.The He edition uses 'zhu' (to affix) which is incorrect. "Now I wish to lead five thousand iron cavalryVarious editions mistakenly say 'iron horses'; the He edition says 'three thousand'. to conquer both Bing and Si Provinces."The Mao edition adds the phrase 'heroic and ambitious', which is an arbitrary insertion. Each person cast their own statue.In the He edition, 'ren ge' is mistakenly written as 'ling bie'. The servant Wang FengIn the \*Wei Shu: Erzhu Rong Chuan\*, the word is 'xiang' (minister). was appointed as their leader.Various editions say 'yue' (to agree). \[Treating it\] as if under the privilege of the Eight Deliberations,The He edition lacks 'jia' (borrowing/acting as). 'Eight' in various editions is mistakenly 'enter' (ru). only the Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, Xu Tong,The He edition lacks 'shi' (attendant). 'Tong' should follow various editions and be 'ge' (a different character). with his long halberd pointing at the palace,In the He edition, 'long' is mistakenly written as 'zhang'. killed over three thousand people.According to the \*Wei Shu: Xiao Zhuang Ben Ji\*, more than two thousand from high officials down were killed, so the source version here should follow the He edition and be 'two thousand'. Startled and not yet having released the Emperor Xiaozhuang,The He edition lacks this set of twelve characters. they abandoned their homes and fled in a scramble.The character 'bing' in various editions is 'qi' (to abandon); the source word is probably a corruption of 'qi'. He was appointed to administer the affairs of the Imperial Chancellery.Various editions include the phrase 'the remaining offices were as before'. However, since this exact phrase appears later in the text, this one is clearly an interpolation. Precisely because they considered the emperor but chaff,In the He edition, 'precisely' (zheng) is written as 'therefore' (gu). they delivered you from your bonds.The He edition incorrectly inserts 'duke' (gong) after 'released you'. They shared their mutual grief and sorrow.In the He edition, 'xin' (bitterness) is written as 'cui' (weariness). One either expressed one's long-held aspirations,In the He edition, the missing character is 'xin' (happy/expansive); in the Mao edition it is 'er' (two, likely a corruption). or schemed only for profit.In various editions, 'and mutual benefit' is wrongly 'righteousness' (yi). These were the words of the Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, Zu Ying.'Rong' should follow various editions and be 'ying'. The character 'shi' (attendant) should precede 'lang' (gentleman). They rushed to the emergency.The He edition adds 'nan' (difficulty) after 'emergency'. Clasping hands, they formed ranks to bid farewell.Various editions write 'farewell' (bie) instead of 'ranks' (lie). Yuan Hao, with several thousand cavalry,'Thousand' should follow various editions and be 'ten'. had his head cut off by a villager.In the He edition, 'village' (she) is mistakenly written as 'she'(a variant character). The emperor was enraged.Should follow various editions, changing 'feared' (kong) to 'angry' (nu). "I would rather die like the Duke of GaoguixiangShould follow various editions, changing 'minister' (qing) to 'village' (xiang).." Rong sent down the cavalry general Erzhu Yangdu and others.Various editions all have 'bu' (unit) after 'Rong'. Long and his wife, the Prefectural Princess of Xiang,The Mao edition has 'Rong' before 'wife' and 'bei' (north) before 'xiang'. According to the \*Wei Shu: Xiao Zhuang Ji\*, on that night, Erzhu Shilong, Rong's wife the Prefectural Princess of Xiang, and the Imperial Attendant led Rong's troops, burned the West Yang Gate, and left through Heyin. Therefore, the Mao edition's inclusion of 'Rong' is correct. Also, according to \*Rong zhuan\*, Rong's wife was the \*Northern\* Prefectural Princess of Xiang, so the Mao edition's inclusion of 'bei' is correct. held a vegetarian feast to pray for Rong's blessings in the afterlife.Various editions have 'jian' (to recommend/offer) before 'zhai' (feast). Erzhu Nalu GuiIn the He edition, 'na' is written as 'fu'; the \*Gangmu\* writes it as 'fu'. intended to save the people.Should follow various editions, changing 'made' (zao) to 'Tao/Dao' (way). Within one day, they had obtained ten thousand men.The Mao edition has an added 'more than' (yu) after 'ten thousand'. They were skilled in attacking.Various editions add 'sharp/profitable' (li) after 'skilled', which is an error. Li Xun served as the naval commander.According to the \*Xiao Zhuang Ji\*, Imperial Secretary Li Miao used fire ships to burn the pontoon bridge. The character 'Xun' here may be an error for 'Miao', or it could be another person; there is no way to verify. But according to his biography, Miao was from Zitong, so it matches the 'Shu people' (Sichuan people) mentioned here. In the first year of the Jian... era,The missing character in various editions is 'yuan' (first). However, according to the \*Xiao Zhuang Ji\*, Shilong supported the Prince of Changguang, Ye, as Emperor, proclaimed an amnesty, and titled the era 'Jianming'. So the missing character should be 'ming' (bright); 'yuan' in various editions is incorrect. The Prince of Changguang made Jinyang his capital.Various editions all say 'capital' (du) for the missing character. "I did not expect that Zhaomian would cross easily."Various editions write it as: 'I expected Zhaomian would not cross easily'. The water did not reach the horses' bellies.In the He edition, 'reach' (mo) is written as 'reach' (ji). An ice bridge formed over the Hutuo River.Should follow various editions, changing 'appropriate' (yi) to 'solidified' (ning). Blessed by the gods and spirits,In the He edition, 'blessed' (fu) is written as 'will/shall be' (jiang). The Yellow River's shallowness reached only the knees.In the He edition, 'from knee' (you xi) is written as 'from lacquer' (you qi)—the characters may be corrupted or miswritten. Heaven punishes the immoral,In the He edition, 'excessive' (yin) is written as 'full/overflowing' (ying). and he then imprisoned the emperor and sent him back to Jinyang.In the He edition, 'returned' (huan) is written as 'sent off' (song). Imperial Secretary Sun ChuiShould follow various editions and the \*Wei Shu\*, changing 'zhui' to 'zhi'. observed fire entering the earth and following a pillar upwards.The He edition reads: 'There was \[something\] entering the earth's pillar: fire followed the pillar.' Yongning Monastery 所謂延年里所字何本脫庫東至閶闔宮門是也庫字上何本有一武字宮字何本脫西陽門內御道□□各本作南是也至孝昌二年何本無二字桉綱目太后反政在元年此作二疑缺誤也無所歸趣趣各本竝作聚建義元年義當作明建中寺 > The so-called "Yannian Mile" library stretches east to the Gate of the Bright Palace, and west to the Imperial Road inside the Western Sun Gate, extending south to the second year of the Xiaochang era. It had no specific purpose. In the first year of the Jianyi era, it became the Jianzhong Temple. 負釋迦在虛空中空字何本無長秋寺 > Shakyamuni, floating in the sky 在閶闔城門御道北桉此言城門所以別宮前之閶闔門也各本俱脫去城字誤也東去千秋門二里桉水經註千秋門右宮門也登之遠望遠望各本竝作望遠臺東有宣慈觀有字何本無去地十丈十字上何本有一一字殿前九龍吐水九何本作有向靈芝往來芝字下何本有一臺字來儀此寺儀各本作依投心入正桉大品經說八正曰正見正思維正語正業正命正精進正念正定則此入字當作八時有秀容胡騎數十十字下何本有人字頗獲譏訕訕各本竝作誚洛陽男兒急作髻男何本女即魏氏所築各本此句下皆多晉永康中惠帝幽于金墉城東有洛陽小城永嘉中所築二十二字瑶光寺 > Within the Imperial Boulevard, north of the Gate of Heaven, Note: This refers to a city gate, distinct from the "Gate of Heaven" within the palace. Previous editions mistakenly omitted the word "city." two li east of the Eternal Autumn Gate, Note: According to \*Commentary on the Waterways Classic\*, the Eternal Autumn Gate was a palace gate. stood a tall terrace. From here one could gaze into the distance. Note: Earlier editions all wrote "gaze into the distance." East of this terrace stood the Compassionate-Contemplation Hall. Note: One version omits the word "stood." It rose ten zhang above the ground. Note: One version adds "one" before "ten." In front of the hall, nine dragons spouted water Note: One version reads "there were" instead of "nine." that flowed toward the Sacred Mushroom, coming and going, Note: One version adds "Hall" after "Mushroom." "coming to repose in this monastery." Note: Other versions read "leaning" instead of "reposing." "With wholehearted devotion, enter the Right Path." Note: The \*Larger Perfection of Wisdom Sutra\* lists eight Right Paths: Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration. Thus, "enter" here should be read as "eight." At that time, a few dozen Xirong cavalrymen from Xiurong Note: One version adds "men" after "dozen." attracted considerable mockery and criticism. Note: Other versions write "ridicule" instead of "mockery." "Men of Luoyang, hurry and put up your hair buns!" Note: One version writes "women" instead of "men." This was built by the Wei clan. Note: All versions add the following 22 characters after this sentence: "During the Yongkang reign of the Jin dynasty, Emperor Hui was imprisoned in the Golden Fortress. East of this lay Luoyang's small city, built during the Yongjia reign." Jeweled Light Monastery 閶闔南御道西桉此處疑有脫誤子註言望永寜寺正相當則閶闔宮前之門也子註言西有司徒府則御道西當作御道東也井里北門外有桑樹數株各本井字上有義字數字下有十字飲水庇蔭蔭毛本作隂至於大齋大何本作六誤舞抃殿庭庭何本作亭剝驢投井投何本作扳皆得食食字下各本俱有之字目亂睛迷睛各本竝作精字景樂寺 > On the western side of the Imperial Way, south of the Changhe GateThere may be an omission here; the commentary indicates this location is directly in line with Yongning Temple, meaning the Changhe Gate is the entrance to the palace. The commentary also says there is a Director's Office to the west, so "west of the Imperial Way" should perhaps read "east of the Imperial Way.", outside the northern gate of the well-lined market, there are several mulberry trees.The character "義" appears before "井" in various editions, and the character "十" appears after "數." They provide water for drinking and shade from the sun.In the Mao edition, "蔭" is written as "隂." During the great vegetarian feasts,The He edition incorrectly has "六" instead of "大." the dance performances fill the temple courtyards,The He edition has "亭" instead of "庭." and those who skin donkeys and throw them down wellsThe He edition writes "扳" instead of "投." all receive food.All editions have the character "之" after "食." Their eyes are confused and their vision blurred.All editions write "精" instead of "睛."Jingle Temple 東陽門内道北内字下疑脫去御字太北倉導官二署北字當从何本衍閹官之釐婦閹字上各本俱有盡是二字釐當从各本作嫠閽寺寵盛閽各本作閹佛堂前生桑樹一株生何本作有命給事中黃門侍郎元紀伐殺之殺字毛本無暉其異之其字各本及太平廣記所引皆作甚此當从之有二菩薩廣記引有字上有一并字趺上銘曰趺字下何本有一坐字誤也廣記所引與此合曰廣記作云晉太始二年太廣記引作泰中書監監何作令誤廣記所引與此合時人咸云廣記引無時人二字荀勗舊宅舊廣記引作故應即殞倒廣記引作即時殞倒昭儀寺 > Inside the East Sun Gate, along the north side of the road, were the two offices of the Grand Northern Granary and the Food Steward. These were staffed by the widows of eunuchs, reflecting the rising influence and favor shown to the eunuch officials. In front of the Buddha hall, a mulberry tree grew. The emperor ordered the Attendant Officer and the Yellow Gate Attendant, Yuan Ji, to cut it down. Yuan Hui found this very strange. The cross-legged pedestal of a Buddha statue bore an inscription saying: "Second year of the Grand Beginning \[of the Jin dynasty\], Imperial Secretary...\[The scripture goes: Supervisor of the Imperial Secretariat\]." People at the time all said this was the former residence of Xun Xu. \[The tree should have fallen down swiftly. ///Zhaoyi Temple///\] 對戶交疏疏何作窗徒無比也徒當从各本作從胡統寺 > Pairs of households are posted to open the windows, but there are no pupils from the classrooms. 蒿明寺蒿各本作嵩菩提達磨磨各本作摩尚書右僕射李祚李當从各本作郭魏書有郭祚無李祚也尚書邢鸞鸞魏書綱目竝作巒掘此地者廣記引無者字輒得金玉寶玩之屬屬廣記引作物邢鸞家邢字上廣記引有一時字修梵寺 > Hao Ming Temple. \[Note: The character "Hao" is written differently in various editions as "Song".\] Bodhidharma. \[Note: The character "mo" is written as "mo" in various editions.\] Imperial Secretary of the Right, Li Zuo, \[Note: According to various editions, the name should be Guo Zuo. The Wei Shu records Guo Zuo, no Li Zuo exists.\] and Imperial Secretary Xing Luan \[Note: In the Wei Shu and Annals summary, Luan is written as Luan.\] were the ones who excavated this site. \[Note: The Guang Ji omits the character for "ones."\] They immediately discovered gold, jade, precious gems, and similar treasures. \[Note: The Guang Ji writes "objects" instead of "similar."\] Xing Luan's household \[Note: The Guang Ji adds the word "at that time" before "Xing."\] \[Note: Xiufan Temple.\] 巧構難加難字下何本有一比字加字下何本有一以字白頭一字景裕桉景裕一字白頭見魏書本傳此句疑有倒誤說通百氏說何作疏洞底明靜靜毛作淨鱗甲潛藏藏何作泳謬中朝歩廣里也中字上何本有一晉字朝字下各本俱有一時字池中猶有文帝九華臺文字上疑脫去魏字季秋巳辰巳何本作良毛本作九桉古人春秋修禊皆用上巳各本誤也峰上有露寒館露寒何作寒露景陽山南陽字下何本有一觀字得霜即熟各本竝作得嚴霜乃熟公幹仲宣□其羽翼□各本竝作為桉明帝時劉王二人已歿衒之不應謬誤至此桉水經註池南直魏文帝茅茨堂前有茅茨碑是黃初中立此當是刊本誤以文帝為明帝也陳耀文天中記据此以正善長之誤謬實失之矣以蒿覆之故言苗茨桉魏書任城王澄傳次之凝閑堂高祖曰此葢取夫子閑居之義不可縱奢以忘儉自安以忘危故此堂後作茅茨堂則苗字是茅字之誤也桉說文茨以茅葦葢屋衒之葢據之以釋碑蒿疑茅字之訛蒿𦱽也即香蒿也不可以覆屋也若旱魃為虐虐各本作害誤陽穀泄之不盈穀當作渠景林寺 > Ingenious craftsmanship could not improve it. Some versions have the character "一" after "難" and "以" after "加" The line "White-headed, one character" from Jingyu According to Jingyu's biography in the History of Northern Wei, he was also known as "White-headed," so the phrasing here may be inverted by mistake. explained the hundred schools. "Explained" is written as "疏" in some editions. The deep pond was clear and still, "Still" is written as "淨" in Mao's edition. and fish and turtles lurked beneath. "Lurked" is written as "swam" in some editions, which is erroneous. In the Central Plains, there was the Bu Guang Ward. Some editions have "A" before the character "中," and all editions have the character "時" after "朝." In the pond, there was still Emperor Wen's Nine Flower Terrace. A character "魏" (Wei) seems to be missing before the "文" (Wen). On the last day of late autumn, "己" is written as "良" in some editions and as "九" in Mao's. According to ancient custom, spring and autumn purification rites were performed on the first Si day, making all these versions incorrect. the peak held the Dew Cold Pavilion. "露寒" is written as "寒露" in some editions. South of Jingyang Mountain, Some editions have the character "觀" after "陽." the fruit would ripen upon encountering frost. All editions read, "would ripen only after encountering heavy frost." Gonggan and Zhongxuan became his assistants. The missing character is written as "為" in all editions. By the time of Emperor Ming, both Liu and Wang had already passed away, so Xuanzhi should not have made such an error. According to the Commentary on the Waterways, south of the pond stood the Maoci Hall of Emperor Wen of Wei, with a stele erected during the Huangchu reign. It seems a printing error replaced Emperor Wen with Emperor Ming. Chen Yaowen’s Tianzhongji followed this to correct Shanjing’s mistake, but it is actually in error. They were covered with wormwood; hence the name "Thatch Hall." According to the biography of Prince Cheng of Rencheng in the History of Northern Wei, Emperor Gaozu remarked before the Ningxian Hall: "This hall takes its meaning from Confucius’ saying about leisurely dwelling. One should not indulge in extravagance and forget frugality, nor grow complacent and forget danger. Therefore, this hall was built behind as the Thatched Cottage Hall." Thus, the character "苗" (sprout) is a mistake for "茅" (thatch). According to the Shuowen dictionary, "茨" means roofing with thatch or reeds. Xuanzhi used this to explain the stele. "蒿" (wormwood) is likely a corruption of "茅" (thatch); "蒿" is the fragrant southernwood and cannot be used for roofing. If a severe drought raged, "Raged" is written as "harmed" in all editions, which is incorrect. even if the Yang Canal drained into it, it would not fill. "Canal" should be "渠." Jinglin Temple