---
title: "大藏一覽 · 一、二十八天"
description: "大藏一覽是明代陳實編纂、姚舜漁重輯的佛教經典提要著作。該書成於晚明時期，基於當時流傳的大藏經內容，以提綱挈領方式系統分類並摘錄佛教核心典籍精華。全書分十門，涵蓋諸佛菩薩、因果業報、修行法門等主題，以偈頌和注釋相結合的形式呈現佛學體系。作為一部佛教入門指南，它不僅為明清信眾提供清晰的佛法脈絡，更因其簡明扼要的編排成為研究漢傳佛教教義的重要工具書，在佛教文獻學與普及教育領域具有承先啟後的歷史地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgmzn6im056bl404uapqxp9l"
---

### 一、二十八天

> Twenty-Eight Heavens

下增四天，旁出四天

> Below the increased four heavens, beside them, four more heavens extend.

《因本經》云：「此大地厚四十八萬由旬，地住水上、水住風上、風依虛空。水聚厚六十萬由旬，水上別有風大吹轉此水，於上成金，如熟乳上生膏，是名金輪，厚三洛沙二萬由旬，水下風聚厚三十六萬由旬，各廣無量。

> The \*Yinben Sutra\* says: "This great earth is four hundred and eighty thousand yojanas thick. The earth rests on water, the water rests on wind, and the wind relies on space. The mass of water is six hundred thousand yojanas thick. Above the water, a great wind blows and churns the water, forming gold on its surface, like the cream that forms on boiled milk. This is called the Golden Wheel, which is three hundred and two thousand yojanas thick. Beneath the water, the mass of wind is three hundred and sixty thousand yojanas thick, and each of these extends boundlessly in width."

「是大海中最甚深處，須彌山王入海中，出水上，各八萬四千由旬，其底平正，下根連住大金輪上，下狹上闊，漸漸寬大，端直不曲，最勝可觀，四寶合成——所謂：金、銀、琉璃、頗梨——生種種樹鬱茂香遠，多諸賢聖之所住止。須彌山頂四面有峰挺出，曲臨海上，各高七百由旬，七寶合成——所謂：金、銀、琉璃、頗梨、真珠、車璩、瑪瑙之所莊校。

> In the vast ocean, there lies the most profound depth. Mount Sumeru, the king of mountains, rises from the sea, extending eighty-four thousand yojanas above the water's surface. Its base is level and even, its roots firmly anchored upon a great golden wheel. The mountain narrows at the bottom and widens toward the top, gradually expanding as it ascends. It stands straight and true, without any curvature—a most splendid and admirable sight. It is composed of four precious substances: gold, silver, lapis lazuli, and crystal. Numerous trees grow upon it, lush and fragrant, spreading their scent far and wide. It is a dwelling place for many sages and saints. At the summit of Mount Sumeru, four peaks rise prominently on its sides, gracefully extending toward the sea. Each peak rises seven hundred yojanas in height. They are adorned with seven precious materials: gold, silver, lapis lazuli, crystal, pearls, conch shells, and agate, all beautifully ornamented.

「須彌山下復有三級：其最下級高一萬由旬，堅首天住；中級高二萬由旬，持鬘天住；上級高三萬由旬，常憍天住。須彌東、西、南、北各去一萬由旬大海之下，阿修羅住，海水在上，四風所持，懸處虛空，終不墮落，猶如浮雲。

> Beneath Mount Sumeru, there are still three tiers: the lowest tier is ten thousand yojanas high, where the Kumbhanda devas dwell; the middle tier is twenty thousand yojanas high, where the Mala-dhara devas dwell; the upper tier is thirty thousand yojanas high, where the Sadamada devas dwell. Ten thousand yojanas away from Mount Sumeru in the east, west, south, and north, beneath the great ocean, dwell the Asuras. The seawater is above them, held up by four winds, suspended in the sky, never falling—just like floating clouds.

「須彌山半四萬二千由旬，有四天王所居宮殿。須彌山上有三十三天宮殿，帝釋所居；三十三天已上一倍，夜摩天宮殿；夜摩上又一倍，兜率阤天宮殿；向上重重皆倍，化樂天、他化自在天、梵眾天、梵輔天、大梵天、少光天、無量光天、光音天、少淨天、無量淨天、遍淨天、福生天、福受天、廣果天、無想天、無煩天、無熱天、善見天、善現天、色究竟天、無邊空處天、無邊識處天、無所有處天、非想非非想處天……，如是世界中諸眾生輩有生、老、死，墮在如是生道中住，至此不過。是故說言娑婆世界，無畏剎土，自餘一切諸世界中亦復如是。」映字函第一卷

《婆沙論》云：「天有三十二種，除二十八種上文已明，自四天王已下有日月星宿天、常憍天、持鬘天、堅首天……，通三十二種。」杜字函第二卷

《增一阿含經》云：「須彌山半有四種天在彼居止：銀城中細腳天、金城中尸利沙天、水晶城中歡悅天、琉璃城中力盛天。金、銀城中間，毗沙門天王將諸閱叉；金城、水晶城中間，毗留波叉天王將諸鬼神；水晶城、琉璃城中間，毗留勒天王將諸魘鬼；琉璃城、銀城中間，提頭賴吒天王將乾呇和等。」和字函第四卷