---
title: "醒世錄 · 宿習部"
description: "醒世錄由清代居士徐昌治輯錄編纂，是一部重要的佛教勸善典籍。該書成於清初，輯錄了歷代高僧大德、儒釋道三教關於因果報應、修身養性的箴言與事跡。內容旨在勸化世人明辨善惡、覺悟人生、斷惡修善，強調因果法則的真實不虛。其語言通俗，事例生動，在民間流傳甚廣。作為一部融匯三教思想的善書，醒世錄在佛教通俗教化領域地位顯著，對推動民間道德風尚與佛教倫理實踐產生了深遠影響，是研究清代佛教民間化與善書文化的重要文獻。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgmzsxb1098xl404hcf7rgdl"
---

### 宿習部

> Habitual Tendencies Section

如《佛說師子月佛本生經》云：「佛在王舍城，迦蘭陀竹園，與大比丘眾，千二百五十比丘，百菩薩俱。爾時眾中，有一菩薩比丘，名婆須蜜多，遊行竹園間。緣樹上下，聲如獼猴。或旋三鈴，作那羅戲。時諸長者，及行路人，兢集看之。時耆闍崛山，八萬四千金色獼猴，集菩薩所。菩薩復作種種變現，令其歡喜。有一梵志，上啟頻婆沙羅王，即敕長者迦蘭陀曰：『此諸釋子，多聚獼猴在園。如來知不？』長者啟王：『婆須蜜多作變化事，令諸獼猴，一時歡喜。諸天雨華，持用供養。』爾時大王前後導從，往詣佛所。遙見世尊，身放光明，如紫金山，普令大眾，同於金色。尊者蜜多，及八萬四千獼猴，亦作金色。時諸獼猴見大王來，作種種變，中有採華奉上大王者。大王見已，與諸大眾，俱至佛所，作禮，右遶三匝，卻坐一面，白佛言：『此諸獼猴，宿有何福，身作金色？復有何罪，生畜生中？尊者蜜多，復宿植何福，生長者家，出家學道？復有何罪，雖生人中，諸根具足，不持戒行，與諸獼猴，共為伴侶。歌語之聲，悉如獼猴？惟願世尊為我分別。』佛告大王：『乃往過去無量億劫前，有佛出世名曰燃燈。彼佛滅後，有諸比丘於山澤中，修行佛道，堅持禁戒，得阿羅漢。時空澤中，有一獼猴，至羅漢所。見羅漢坐禪入定，即取羅漢坐具，披作袈裟。偏袒右肩，手擎香爐，遶比丘行。時彼比丘，從定覺已，見此獼猴，有好善心。即為彈指，告獼猴言：「法子！汝今應發無上道心。」獼猴聞說，歡喜踴躍，五體投地，敬禮比丘。爾時比丘即為獼猴，說三皈依，懺無量罪。獼猴依教發願已竟，踴躍歡喜。走上高山，懸樹墮死。由受五戒，破畜生業，即生兜率天上。值一生補處菩薩，為說道心，即持天華，下空澤中，供養羅漢。羅漢見已，即便微笑告言：「往返去此閻浮提，有佛出世，名曰寶慧如來。至涅槃後，於像法中，有一比丘，名蓮花藏。多與國王、長者、居士而為親友。邪命諂曲，不持戒行。身壞命終，落阿鼻獄，具受諸苦。壽命一劫，劫盡更生。如是經歷諸大地獄，滿八萬四千劫。從地獄出，墮餓鬼中。吞飲鎔銅，經八萬四千歲。從餓鬼出，復墮牛豬狗猴中，各五百身。緣前供養持戒，今得生天。」彼獼猴者，雖是畜生。一見羅漢，受持三皈及以五戒。緣前功德，超越千劫。從是以後，值佛無數，淨修梵。行具六波羅蜜，住不退地。於最后身，次彌勒後，當成阿耨菩提。』佛告大王：『欲知彼國師子月佛者，今此會中婆須蜜多比丘是也。』王聞此語，即起合掌，向婆須蜜多，頭面著地，接足為禮，懺悔前罪。佛告大王：『欲知此等八萬四千金色獼猴者，乃是過去拘樓秦佛時，波羅柰國、拘睒彌國，二國之中，共有八萬四千比丘尼，行諸非法，犯諸重禁。狂愚無智，如痴獼猴。時有羅漢比丘尼，名善安隱，具為說法。見諸惡人，不生善心，即起慈悲。身升虛空，作十八變。時諸惡人，見變化已，各脫金環，散阿羅漢尼上：「願我生生身作金色。」時諸惡人，身壞命終，墮阿鼻地獄，次第經歷。至九十二劫，從地獄出。五百身中，恒為餓鬼。從餓鬼出，一千身中常為獼猴，身作金色。』佛告大王：『身、口、意業，不可不慎！』爾時王聞佛說，對佛懺悔，豁然意解，成阿那含。王所將八千人，求佛出家，並成羅漢。餘一萬六千人，皆發菩提心。八萬諸天，亦俱發心。八萬四千金色獼猴，聞昔因緣，慚愧自責。遶佛千匝，向佛懺悔，各發無上菩提心，次第出世，同共一劫，劫名大光，同名並金光明如來。」

> As the \*Sutra of the Buddha's Past Life as Lion Moon Buddha\* says: The Buddha was staying at the Bamboo Grove in Rajagriha, together with an assembly of 1,250 great monks and a hundred bodhisattvas. Among them was a bodhisattva monk named Vasumitra, who was wandering through the bamboo grove, climbing up and down trees, making sounds like a monkey. He would spin three bells and perform acrobatic feats. Many elders and passersby gathered to watch him. At that time, on Vulture Peak, eighty-four thousand golden monkeys gathered around the bodhisattva. The bodhisattva performed various miracles to delight them. A Brahman then reported to King Bimbisara, who ordered the elder Kalandaka: "These Shakya disciples have gathered many monkeys in the grove. Does the Buddha know about this?" The elder replied, "Vasumitra has performed miracles that bring joy to all the monkeys. The heavens are raining flowers as offerings." The king then went with his entourage to see the Buddha. From afar, he saw the World-Honored One radiating light like a golden mountain, turning the entire assembly golden. The venerable Vasumitra and the eighty-four thousand monkeys also appeared golden. When the monkeys saw the king approaching, they performed various displays, some picking flowers to offer him. The king and his company reached the Buddha, paid homage, circumambulated him three times, and sat to one side. He asked, "What merits did these monkeys cultivate in past lives to be born with golden bodies? And what offenses caused them to be born as animals? What merits did the venerable Vasumitra cultivate to be born into a wealthy family and become a monk? And why, though born human with all faculties complete, does he not observe moral precepts, keeping company with monkeys and making sounds like them? Please, World-Honored One, explain this to me." The Buddha told the king: "Countless eons ago, a Buddha named Dipankara appeared in the world. After his passing, some monks practiced the Buddhist path in the mountains and marshes, strictly upholding the precepts, and attained arhatship. In the wilderness, a monkey came to an arhat. Seeing the arhat in deep meditation, the monkey took the arhat's sitting cloth and draped it over himself like a robe, baring his right shoulder, holding an incense burner, and circumambulating the monk. "When the monk arose from meditation and saw the monkey's virtuous intention, he snapped his fingers and said, 'Child of the Dharma! You should now awaken the supreme mind of enlightenment.' Hearing this, the monkey leaped with joy, prostrated himself fully, and reverently honored the monk. The monk then gave the monkey the three refuges and taught him to repent countless offenses. "The monkey, following the teaching, made his vows, then joyfully climbed a high mountain, fell from a tree, and died. Because he had received the five precepts and broken the karma of being an animal, he was reborn in the Heaven of Contentment. There he met a bodhisattva destined for the next Buddhahood, who taught him the mind of enlightenment. The monkey then took heavenly flowers and descended to the wilderness to make offerings to the arhat. "The arhat smiled and told him: 'Go back to Jambudvipa, where a Buddha named Jewel Wisdom will appear. In the age of his teachings after his parinirvana, there will be a monk named Lotus Treasury who befriends kings, elders, and laypeople. He will be devious, flattering, and lax in observing the precepts. When he dies, he will fall into the Avici Hell and suffer all kinds of torment for one eon. When that eon ends, he will be reborn and endure great hells for eighty-four thousand eons. Emerging from hell, he will fall into the realm of hungry ghosts, swallowing molten copper for eighty-four thousand years. Then, from the ghost realm, he will be reborn as a cow, pig, dog, or monkey, each for five hundred lives. Yet because of his past offering to a monk who upheld the precepts, he will eventually be born in heaven.' "That monkey, though an animal, encountered an arhat and took the three refuges and five precepts. Through that merit, he transcended a thousand eons. From then on, he encountered countless Buddhas, pure and diligent in practice, perfected the six paramitas, and abided in non-retrogression. In his final life, after Maitreya, he will attain supreme enlightenment." The Buddha told the king: "Know that the Lion Moon Buddha of that land is none other than the monk Vasumitra present in this assembly." Hearing this, the king rose, pressed his palms together, prostrated at Vasumitra's feet, and repented his earlier doubts. The Buddha told the king: "These eighty-four thousand golden monkeys were, in the time of Krakucchanda Buddha, eighty-four thousand nuns from the kingdoms of Varanasi and Kaushambi who engaged in misconduct and violated major precepts. They were foolish and ignorant, like mad monkeys. At that time, a nun who was an arhat named Good Peace taught them the Dharma. Seeing that these wicked people did not generate virtuous minds, she arose in compassion, rose into the sky, and performed eighteen miraculous transformations. Seeing this, the wrongdoers each took off their golden bracelets and scattered them over the arhat, praying: 'May we be born with golden bodies in life after life.' "Those wrongdoers, when they died, fell into the Avici Hell and passed through successive hells for ninety-two eons. Emerging from hell, they spent five hundred lives as hungry ghosts. Then, after the ghost realm, they spent a thousand lives as monkeys with golden bodies." The Buddha told the king: "One must be careful with the deeds of body, speech, and mind!" When the king heard this, he repented before the Buddha, and his understanding opened wide—he attained the stage of a non-returner. Of the eight thousand people who accompanied the king, all sought to become monks and attained arhatship. The remaining sixteen thousand all awakened the mind of enlightenment. Eighty thousand gods also awakened that mind. As for the eighty-four thousand golden monkeys, hearing of their past causes, they were filled with shame and self-reproach. They circumambulated the Buddha a thousand times, repented before him, and each awakened the supreme mind of enlightenment. They were reborn successively in the same eon, called the Great Radiance Eon, each bearing the name Golden Light Thus Come One.