---
title: "博山無異大師語錄集要 · 荅問"
description: "博山无异大师语录集要是明代禅宗高僧元来禅师的语录汇编，由弟子成正记录、元贤辑录而成。元来禅师属曹洞宗博山系，活跃于明末佛教复兴时期。内容涵盖参禅方法、心性开示、修行要诀及日常问答，深入阐述禅宗见地与实修并重之旨。该书系统反映了元来的禅学思想，融合看话禅与默照禅，对明末清初禅风影响深远，是研究曹洞宗思想及明清禅宗史的重要文献，在佛教典籍中占有重要地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn0min82y5gl404z80czsyi"
---

### 荅問

> Questions and Answers

僧問：「斷簡殘篇即不問，斬新條令一句請和尚道。」師曰：「裂破幾重清世界，倒騎玉象趁麒麟。」進曰：「此猶是斷簡殘篇。」師便打。進云：「恁麼則天下太平，萬民樂業。」師曰：「吸盡南山霧，長存北嶺松。」僧禮拜。

> A monk asked, "I won't ask about fragmented texts and broken records. Please, Master, speak one phrase of the brand-new, clear directive." The Master said, "Splitting open layers of the pure world, riding backwards on a jade elephant, chasing after a qilin." The monk advanced, saying, "This is still fragmented texts and broken records." The Master then struck him. The monk continued, "If so, then the world is at peace, and all people are content in their work." The Master said, "Drinking up the mists of the southern mountains, eternally preserving the pines of the northern ridge." The monk bowed in reverence.

僧問：「夾山大師云：『截斷天下人舌頭即不無，爭教無舌人解語？』敢問和尚：如何是無舌人語？」師舉拂子，云：「會麼？」進曰：「此猶是有舌人語，畢竟如何是無舌人語？」師曰：「白雲彌世界，虛空無去留。」進曰：「如是則語帶玄而無路，舌頭談而不譚也。」師曰：「汝向甚麼處見老僧？」進曰：「中興曹洞之宗，除是和尚始得。」師曰：「也是閑言語。」僧禮拜。

> A monk asked, "Master Jiashan once said, 'It's not that I cannot cut off the tongues of all people under heaven, but how can I make the tongueless understand speech?' I dare ask the master: What is the speech of the tongueless?" The master raised his whisk and said, "Do you understand?" The monk pressed further, "This is still the speech of those with tongues. Ultimately, what is the speech of the tongueless?" The master said, "White clouds fill the world; the void neither comes nor goes." The monk said, "If so, then speech carries mystery yet has no path; the tongue speaks yet does not speak." The master said, "Where do you see this old monk?" The monk replied, "To revive the Caodong lineage, only the master can do so." The master said, "That is idle talk." The monk bowed in reverence.

僧問：「古人有言：『有物先天地。』未審是什麼物？」師曰：「空中書梵字。」進曰：「『無形本寂寥』，髑髏邊還有氣息也無？」師曰：「撲破不成文。」進曰：「『能為萬象主』，未審是同？是別？」師拈拄杖云：「這箇不可喚作拄杖子。」進曰：「『不逐四時凋』，究竟將來相去幾許？」師云：「這箇喚作拄杖子始得。」進曰：「正當恁麼時，普天之下蘭膏繼晷，佳景呈祥，如何是博山境？」師云：「階下苔，錢砌就。」進曰：「如何是境中人？」師云：「鼻梁向下垂。」

> A monk asked, "The ancients said, 'There is a thing that existed before heaven and earth.' I wonder, what thing is that?" The master said, "Sanskrit letters written in the sky." The monk pressed further, "'Formless, originally silent and empty'—does the skull still have breath or not?" The master said, "Shattered, it no longer forms words." The monk asked again, "'It can be the master of all phenomena'—I wonder, is it the same or different?" The master raised his staff and said, "This cannot be called a staff." The monk continued, "'It does not wither with the four seasons'—ultimately, how far apart are they?" The master said, "Only now can this be called a staff." The monk asked, "At just such a moment, under the whole sky, orchid-scented lamps extend the daylight, auspicious scenes display blessings—what is the realm of Boshan?" The master said, "Moss on the steps, coins laid in patterns." The monk asked, "What about the person within that realm?" The master said, "The bridge of the nose hangs downward."

僧問：「釋迦老子四十九年說法，正眼看來猶是無風起浪，敢問和尚說法，還有為人處也無？」師曰：「此去江西半月程。」進云：「倘遇個六根不具底漢，和尚又作麼生？」師云：「冰谿水底清如鏡。」進曰：「向上還有事也無？」師云：「楊子江頭浪潑天。」進曰：「恁麼則和尚恩大難酬。」師曰：「禮拜了退。」

> A monk asked, "Old Man Shakyamuni taught for forty-nine years, but from the true perspective, it was like stirring waves without wind. I dare ask, Venerable, when you teach, is there any place where you help people?" The master said, "From here to Jiangxi is half a month's journey." The monk pressed, "If you encounter someone lacking the six faculties, Venerable, how would you respond then?" The master said, "The water under the icy stream is clear as a mirror." The monk asked further, "Is there anything beyond that?" The master said, "At the head of the Yangtze River, waves surge to the sky." The monk said, "If so, then the Venerable's kindness is too great to repay." The master said, "Bow and withdraw."

首座問云：「適聞和尚高低一顧，眼見鼻梁，秪如偪塞虛空，作麼生轉得身、吐得氣？」師卓拄杖，云：「蹤跡不施功，千山添翠色。」進曰：「恁麼則撲破虛空，通身活眼。」師曰：「門前一水收三水，屋後千松蓋萬松。」進曰：「秪如蕭使君道：『山河大地渾成夢。』且道：是真夢？是浮夢？」師曰：「直下看取。」進云：「與麼則龜毛拂子春風動，拄杖縱橫法界收。」師曰：「且放過一籌。」座禮拜。

> The chief monk asked, "I just heard you, Master, look up and down, seeing the bridge of your nose. But if the whole of space is blocked and confined, how can one turn around and breathe freely?" The Master struck his staff on the ground and said, "Without leaving a trace of effort, a thousand mountains are clothed in emerald green." The monk pressed further, "If so, then space is shattered, and the whole body becomes a living eye." The Master said, "In front of the gate, one stream gathers three waters; behind the house, a thousand pines cover ten thousand pines." The monk continued, "As the official Xiao said, 'Mountains, rivers, and the great earth are all but a dream.' Tell me, is it a true dream or an empty dream?" The Master replied, "Look directly and see for yourself." The monk said, "If so, then a tortoise-hair whisk stirs in the spring breeze, and the staff gathers the entire Dharma realm." The Master said, "Let that pass for now." The chief monk bowed in reverence.

僧問：「今日壽誕，敢問和尚年多少？」師曰：「頻添花甲子，數到劫雲初。」進曰：「秪如和尚未出世時一句又作麼生？」師曰：「手中拂子三十錢買來底。」進曰：「謝師答話。」師曰：「且道：劫雲之前是何境象？」進曰：「今朝不用重追究，曾向湖南佛國來。」師曰：「三十棒自領，出去。」

> A monk asked, "Today is your birthday, may I ask how old you are, Master?" The master replied, "The cycle of years adds up, counting back to the beginning of the kalpa-cloud." The monk pressed further, "But what about the state before you were even born?" The master said, "The whisk in my hand was bought for thirty coins." The monk said, "Thank you for your answer." The master asked, "Now tell me, what was the state before the kalpa-cloud?" The monk replied, "No need to dig deeper today—I have already been to the Buddha-land of Hunan." The master said, "Take thirty blows yourself, and leave."

僧問：「如何是無量壽？」師曰：「烏龍潭上浪滔天。」進云：「恁麼則有量也。」師曰：「天池一滴水，怎與眾同流？」僧禮拜。

> A monk asked, "What is the meaning of 'Infinite Life'?" The master replied, "The waves on Black Dragon Pond surge to the heavens." The monk pressed further, "Then it seems there is a limit after all." The master said, "A single drop of water from the Celestial Pool—how could it flow with the common stream?" The monk bowed in reverence.

茹居士問：「向上一著如何道？」師曰：「石頭城外垂楊柳。」進云：「這是眾生眼，如何是善知識眼？」師曰：「吹盡殘花色愈鮮。」進云：「未為奇特。」師曰：「居士向下會取。」進云：「弟子參學二十年，今日學得一拜。」便禮拜。

卓居士問：「諸佛國土亦復皆空，畢竟向甚麼處莊嚴淨土？」師云：「青龍山上鹿兒肥。」士無語，師云：「會麼？」士云：「不會。」師云：「流鶯雖有語，天籟聽無人。」

> Mr. Zhuo asked: "If all the Buddha lands are also empty, then where exactly can one adorn and purify a pure land?" The Master replied: "On Qinglong Mountain, the deer grow fat." Mr. Zhuo was silent. The Master asked: "Do you understand?" Mr. Zhuo said: "I do not." The Master said: "Though the oriole has a song, no one hears the music of heaven."

張興公居士問：「和尚言學人須全身入理，乃可問向上事，即今請問：如何是理？」師曰：「橫身當宇宙，大地沒遮攔。」進云：「如何即得全身入？」師曰：「盡力推爺向裏頭。」進云：「未全身入者，過在甚處？」師曰：「珍藏燕石，不辨金光。」進云：「全身入時以何為驗？」師曰：「十方消殞，左右逢源。」進云：「全身入理後如何？」師曰：「跳出千層浪，方誇稱意魚。」

> Layman Zhang Xinggong asked: "Venerable Master, you say that a student must fully immerse their entire being in the principle before they can inquire about the ultimate matter. Now I ask: What is this principle?" The Master said: "Lying across the universe, the great earth offers no obstruction." Zhang pressed: "How can one fully immerse their entire being?" The Master said: "Push your father into the inner chamber with all your might." Zhang asked: "For one who has not yet fully immersed, where does the fault lie?" The Master said: "Cherishing a common stone as a treasure, failing to discern the golden light." Zhang asked: "When one fully immerses, what is the proof?" The Master said: "The ten directions dissolve away, meeting the source at every turn." Zhang asked: "After fully immersing in the principle, what then?" The Master said: "Only after leaping through a thousand layers of waves can one boast of the fish that fulfills their wish."

陳雲怡文宗問：「渴鹿趁燄，如何得歇？」師曰：「知不是水則了。」問：「摩尼珠久埋沒塵土中，如何急切覓得？」師曰：「覓他作麼？」問：「一斬一切斷，如何得此利劍？」師云：「咄！誰敢當鋒？」問：「等是水味，有品為第一泉、有品為第二泉，作何分剖？」師云：「嘗過始得。」問：「黑夜中認賊為子、認子為賊，作何判斷？」師云：「呼名即應。」問：「家親作祟如何處置？」師云：「殺盡安居。」問：「的的主人翁，如何得覿面一見？」師云：「求見者不的的。」問：「堪轝家羅經縱橫移動，針必南指，是誰作主？」師云：「真箇鐵心腸。」問：「家宅是諸人生身活計，見得甚麼便肯破家蕩產？」師云：「解作家方者。」問：「電光中良驥瞬息千里，如何得一往追上攬轡入手？」師云：「轡在居士手裏，用追作麼？」問：「大慧云：『將八識一刀。』憑恁麼安身立命？」師云：「妥妥貼貼。」問：「未開口以前為甚麼便棒便喝？」師云：「做賊人心虛。」問：「胡來胡現、漢來漢現，是鏡體？是鏡光？」師云：「毋容湊泊，用在臨時。」問：「日昇月沉、雷轟電掣，山靜雲閑、水流花開，農歌牧唱、婦誶兒嘻，莫非是這個迸現？如何得拈向腳跟下，要用便用？」師云：「居士終日還飲啄也無？」問：「今脩行人多怕去後黑漫漫地，不知現前黑漫漫地更苦。多口說無常生死事大，不知現前剎那死死生生更切。此際重關一擊，如何下手？」師云：「眼上眉毛重七斤。」問：「高峰云：『大徹之人本脫生死，為甚命根不斷？』命根既未斷，叫做大徹，徹底何事？」師云：「左搓芒繩縛鬼子。」問：「一句『當天八萬門，永絕生死』，這一句如何得恁麼有力？」師云：「世界賴斯成。」

六雪首座問：「學憑入室，知乃通方，入室且置，通方一句作麼生道？」師云：「斷貫索卻用得。」問：「入室事作麼？」師云：「稚子敲針。」問：「如何是坐斷毘盧底人受用境界？」師云：「敗葉成堆。」問：「倒跨師子底人向甚麼處行履？」師云：「羊腸鳥道。」問：「橫行四海底人，未審具甚麼手段？」師云：「小伎倆。」問：「懸崖撒手底人，命根還斷也未？」師云：「待闍黎命根斷即道。」問：「八卦正位如何排得？」師云：「不得錯下點畫。」問：「路逢猛虎時如何迴避？」師云：「叉手當胸。」問：「鐵樹珊瑚，因甚麼被泥牛衝破？」師云：「阿誰證據？」問：「無蒂曇花，阿誰拈得？」師云：「無手者。」問：「金剛際水如何汲得？」師云：「何勞太攘？」問：「和尚壽室中有多少弟子？」師云：「心字不加點。」問：「祖祖相傳衣缽，未審和尚傳箇甚麼？」師云：「案山石上共汝商量。」問：「千問萬問，不消咳嗽一聲都已答竟，未審和尚如何答話？」師云：「知時節即退。」

僧問：「昨夜見一鹵莽漢殺卻毘盧遮那如來，未審如何判斷？」師云：「盡情斷卻。」

僧問：「如何是白椎下事？」師云：「瀑布有聲雲不掩。」問：「如何是白椎前事？」師云：「深澗無魚水自清。」

僧問：「古人教人及盡今時，秪如及盡後又作麼生？」師云：「懶梳蓬亂髮，喜遇當來賓。」

僧問：「樓閣門中還容打瞌睡漢也無？」師曰：「待汝醒後即向你道。」

僧問：「善財五十三參，未審如今還行腳也未？」師曰：「洗腳上床眠，一夜三千里。」

僧問：「楞伽山既不可往，為甚麼被夜叉王所據？」師曰：「手親眼便。」

僧問：「鱉鼻蛇撞著赤眼人，作何躲閃？」師曰：「恰好，恰好。」

僧問：「五家宗旨俱明，因甚麼輪迴不息？」師曰：「󳺴火燒山，有光無焰。」

僧問：「《維摩經》云：『除去諸有，併諸侍者。』為甚麼連侍者不存？」師曰：「久住令人賤，新來語自親。」

僧問：「世尊赤手空拳，開已又屈，屈已又開，未審明那邊事？」師曰：「秪明這個事。」

僧問：「一切事究竟堅固，不知大佛頂還在裏許否？」師曰：「暗裏抽橫骨，明中坐舌頭。」

僧問：「棒喝如雷，還供養得閻鬍子也無？」師曰：「閻鬍子若來，也須喫棒。」

僧問：「從前老和上髑髏，即今還有眼也無？」師曰：「布袋裏老鴉。」

僧問：「釋迦、彌勒還酬引滿二業也未？」師曰：「二業是他果用，說甚麼酬與不酬？」

僧問：「《金剛經》云：『應生無所住心。』既無所住，又作麼生心？」師曰：「巖花鋪地高秋興，松月啣山報曉晴。」

僧問：「佛之一字，吾不喜聞，某甲不求佛，日用事作麼生？」師曰：「下咽勤把箸，燒火擇乾柴。」

僧問：「古德云：『渠無生死。』世人因何又被生死使？」師曰：「青山元不動，白日鬼迷人。」

參旦生孝廉問：「是何面目？」師曰：「天不蓋，地不載。」問：「作何究竟？」師曰：「地不載，天不蓋。」問：「用何脩證？」師曰：「穿衣喫飯，待客迎賓。」

師垂四問，一問：「殿角風搖樹，行人盡解衣時如何？」師自答云：「瞥爾沾嘗，清涼徹膽。」

二問：「清風翻白羽，野老笑相親時如何？」師自答云：「春來花塢，樵牧含情。」

三問：「佛殿東南因甚缺了一角？」師自答云：「一人傳虛，萬人傳實。」

四問：「僧堂中有幾人坐臥？」師自答云：「翻身峰頂，六不同謀。」

僧問：「如何是君？」師曰：「澄潭水似冰。」曰：「如何是臣？」師曰：「楊柳拂飛塵。」曰：「如何是君視臣？」師曰：「古鏡幔白綾。」曰：「如何是臣向君？」師曰：「纖手按烏雲。」曰：「如何是君臣道合？」師曰：「一以貫之。」曰：「向上還有事也無？」師曰：「有。」曰：「如何是向上事？」師曰：「舌頭無骨，野馬無韁。」

僧問：「如何是君？」師曰：「水有筋，山有骨。」曰：「如何是臣？」師曰：「鶺鴒鳥鳴似哭。」曰：「如何是君視臣？」師曰：「千年老樹挂枯藤。」曰：「如何是臣向君？」師曰：「樓頭畫鼓正三更。」曰：「如何是君臣道合？」師曰：「金闕鳳啣丹詔去，邊陲人唱凱歌歸。」僧禮拜。師問僧：「君位中事作麼生？」僧曰：「虛突兀。」師便打。

僧問：「如何是博山境？」師曰：「棲鳳巖前雲靉靉，浴龍池內水滔滔。」曰：「如何是境中人？」師曰：「光剃頭，淨洗缽。」曰：「學人不會。」師曰：「這箇阿師還未曾剃頭在。」

僧問：「如何是道？」師曰：「紅綃。」曰：「紅綃莫是道否？」師曰：「不是道。」曰：「既不是道，因甚答紅綃？」師曰：「因你問道，我答你紅綃。」

僧問：「達磨未來此土，還有佛法也無？」師曰：「有。」曰：「如何是本來底佛法？」師曰：「天不能蓋，地不能載。」曰：「是何物得恁麼大？」師曰：「喚作物即不得。」曰：「不喚作物時如何？」師曰：「亦無你開口處。」曰：「恁麼則不奈何。」師曰：「我亦不奈何。」曰：「和尚因甚不奈何？」師曰：「為汝不奈何。」僧禮拜，師曰：「出去，救得千個萬個，有甚用處？」

僧問：「如何是某甲安身立命處？」師曰：「天無蓋，地無底。」問：「壽昌老人遷化去，即今在甚麼處？」師曰：「清譚對面，秪是不知。」師復問僧：「問語且置，『天無蓋，地無底』，老僧意旨在什麼處？」僧擬議，師便打，勉云：「拶出虛空髓有味，掀翻宇宙殼無依，個中不見壽昌老，獨有狸奴笑展眉。」

僧問：「如何是北斗裏藏身？」師曰：「掉轉身來。」僧擬議，師便打，仍示偈曰：「掉轉身來酬北斗，藏身一句絕來繇，要知大像嘉州路，雪覆千山盡白頭。」

僧問：「寒暑相催時如何？」師曰：「鑊湯爐炭。」問：「未與料作時如何？」師曰：「淨地上一場懡㦬。」問：「成後如何？」師曰：「莊嚴妙麗一場懡㦬。」問：「家裏事如何？」師曰：「坐底坐，臥底臥。」問：「門外事如何？」師曰：「鄉村險阻，車馬為難。」問：「和尚為人事如何？」師曰：「從來不曾費鹽醋。」問：「一歸何處時如何？」師曰：「卻值老僧坐臥。」

師問無擇上座曰：「賢弟到羅浮，要與博山相見時如何？」擇曰：「遍界不曾藏。」師曰：「恁麼則不見我也。」擇曰：「兩彩一賽。」師曰：「更要親見一回始得。」擇曰：「無兩個舌頭。」師曰：「待汝到羅浮，黑夜動不得步時即有深入。」師遂示一偈曰：「遍界不曾藏，青松遮翠壁，黑夜步難移，深山神鬼泣。」