---
title: "南山律在家備覽略編 · 第三項　不犯"
description: "南山律在家備覽略編由近代高僧弘一法師編撰。該書成於民國時期，是對唐代道宣律祖南山律的系統整理與精要闡釋，旨在為在家居士提供清晰可行的戒律指南。內容涵蓋皈戒、持戒、懺悔等核心議題，提煉南山律精髓，並結合時代需求予以簡明詮釋。此書被譽為漢傳佛教在家律學的權威入門典籍，對現代居士持戒修行具有重要指導意義，在佛教律學傳承中佔有承先啟後的關鍵地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn0mjjs2ycal4043kfesxdr"
---

### 第三項　不犯

> Item 3: Do Not Commit Offenses

▲事鈔云『三明不犯中。四分云。與想取、己有想、糞掃想、暫取想、親厚意者。皆無犯。　律中。具七法名親厚。一難作能作、二難與能與、三難忍能忍、四密事相告、五互相覆藏、六遭苦不捨、七貧賤不輕。　如是七法、人能行者、是善親友。準此量之。』

> The \*Shi Chao\* (Matter and Practice) states: "Regarding the three kinds of clarity in non-offense, the \*Four-Part Vinaya\* says: When one takes with the thought of borrowing, with the thought that it is one's own, with the thought that it is discarded refuse, with the thought of temporary use, or with the thought of close friendship—in all these cases, there is no offense." In the precepts, seven qualities define a close friend: 1. Doing what is difficult to do for the other. 2. Giving what is difficult to give. 3. Enduring what is difficult to endure. 4. Sharing private matters with each other. 5. Concealing each other's faults. 6. Not abandoning each other in times of Suffering. 7. Not looking down on each other in poverty or low status. When a person practices these seven qualities, they are a true good friend. One should measure by this standard.

資持釋云『初引五想。皆謂無盜心也。與想者意謂他與也。已有者謂非他物也。糞掃者謂無主也。暫取者即持還也。親厚者無彼此也。　律下別釋第五。七法中。一竭力代勞、為之不厭。二己所重物、與之不悋。三極相違惱、了無所恨。四吐露私心、而無所隱。五掩惡揚善、恐傷外望。六囚繫患難、多方拯濟。七貴賤貧富、終始一如。　如是下結顯。故知誠實方入開位、自餘濫託皆陷刑名。』見事鈔記卷十八

> The Commentary (Zichi) explains: 'The opening lists five contemplations, all pointing to the absence of a stealing mind. "Given" means imagining that another has given it. "Already owned" means it is not someone else's property. "Discarded" means it has no owner. "Borrowed temporarily" means one intends to return it. "Close friend" means there is no distinction between mine and theirs. Then the text specifically explains the fifth contemplation in terms of seven qualities: 1. Exerting every effort to help, never tiring of it. 2. Sharing treasured belongings without hesitation. 3. Enduring extreme conflict or provocation without any resentment. 4. Revealing private thoughts with nothing concealed. 5. Hiding faults and praising virtues, fearing to damage another's reputation. 6. In times of imprisonment or hardship, finding every means to rescue and relieve. 7. Treating noble and lowly, rich and poor, the same from beginning to end. Thus the text concludes by emphasizing: we should know that only genuine sincerity qualifies one for the "permitted" category; all other arbitrary claims only lead to legal consequences.'"

行宗云『不犯中五、前三約心明開、後二就事明開。』見戒疏記卷六

> Xingzong says, 'Among the five allowances for not violating the precepts, the first three pertain to the mind, while the last two pertain to external circumstances.'<note place="inline">See the Commentary on Precepts, Volume 6</note>