---
title: "自說經 · 四"
description: "自說經是南傳佛教巴利三藏中的小部經典之一，由佛陀弟子結集編纂。該經產生於佛陀時代及早期佛教時期，記錄了佛陀在不同情境下未經請示而主動宣說的詩偈。內容主要抒發佛陀成道後的覺悟心境，讚嘆解脫之樂與修行功德，充滿深邃的智慧與宗教情懷。在佛教地位上，自說經被視為原始佛教的重要文獻，直接體現佛陀的自證境界，為研究佛陀本懷及早期佛教思想提供了珍貴依據，深受南傳佛教尊崇。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn0pw510lufjl04fiheoaox"
---

### 四

> Four

如是我聞。爾時，世尊住舍衛城祇陀林給孤獨園。爾時，種種外道，諸多沙門婆羅門、普行出家徒等，為入舍衛城托鉢，彼等有諸種之意見者，有諸種之信仰者，有諸種之喜好者，已為依諸種之見處者。某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「世界為常住，此為真實而他為虛妄。」又某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「世界為無常，此為真實而他為虛妄。」又某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「世界為有邊，此為真實而他為虛妄。」又某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「世界為無邊，此為真實而他為虛妄。」又某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「命與體為一，此為真實而他為虛妄。」又某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「命與體為異，此為真實而他為虛妄。」又某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「如來死後有，此為真實而他為虛妄。」又某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「如來死後無，此為真實而他為虛妄。」又某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「如來死後有，而死後亦無，此為真實而他為虛妄。」又某沙門婆羅門等，已為如是語、如是見者：「如來死後非有，死後亦非無，此為真實而他為虛妄。」彼等如是云而口論、議論、論難，各以銳利之舌鋒對決而渡日，云：「如此為法，如彼為非法；如此為非法，如彼為法。」

> Thus have I heard. At one time, the World-Honored One was residing in Sāvatthī, in Jeta's Grove, at Anāthapiṇḍada's park. At that time, many wandering ascetics of various outside paths—recluses, brahmins, and those who had gone forth from household life—came into Sāvatthī for alms. They held all kinds of views, all kinds of beliefs, all kinds of preferences, and leaned on all kinds of grounds for views. Some recluses and brahmins spoke thus and held thus: "The world is eternal—only this is true, all else is false." Others spoke thus and held thus: "The world is not eternal—only this is true, all else is false." Still others spoke thus and held thus: "The world is finite—only this is true, all else is false." And yet others spoke thus and held thus: "The world is infinite—only this is true, all else is false." Some declared: "The soul and the body are the same—only this is true, all else is false." Others declared: "The soul and the body are different—only this is true, all else is false." Some declared: "The Tathāgata exists after death—only this is true, all else is false." Others declared: "The Tathāgata does not exist after death—only this is true, all else is false." Still others declared: "The Tathāgata both exists and does not exist after death—only this is true, all else is false." And yet others declared: "The Tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist after death—only this is true, all else is false." Talking among themselves, they argued, debated, and quarreled. Each confronted the others with the sharp point of their tongues, spending their days declaring: "This is the way things are; that is not the way things are. This is wrong; that is right."

爾時，眾多之比丘等，晨早著內衣持鉢衣，入舍衛城托鉢，往來舍衛城托鉢，食後由托鉢歸來，近於世尊，禮敬坐於一隅。坐於一隅之彼比丘等如是白世尊言：「大德！此處種種外道諸多之沙門婆羅門、普行出家徒等，入舍衛城托鉢，彼等為有諸種意見者……乃至……已為依諸種之見處者。某沙門婆羅門等為如是語、如是見者：『世界……乃至……此為真實而他為虛妄。』彼等如是云而口論……乃至……各以銳利之舌鋒對決而渡日，云：『如此為法……乃至……如彼為法。』」世尊如是言：「諸比丘！外道普行出家徒等，為盲目而無眼目，不知理、不知非理，不知法、不知非法。彼等為不知理者、不知非理者，不知法者、不知非法者，如是云而口論……乃至……以銳利舌鋒對決而渡日，『如此為法……乃至……如彼為法』諸比丘！往昔此舍衛城有一王。諸比丘，此王招某家臣而如是云：『〔如何〕，汝家臣，汝限於舍衛城之生盲，彼等總集於一處。』諸比丘！彼之家臣：『唯然，大王！』應諾彼王而帶領居於舍衛城之生盲，近於王而云：『大王！於舍衛城之生盲等已集。』彼王如是云：『然則，當使生盲等見象。』彼之家臣：『唯然，大王！』應諾彼王而使生盲等見象云：『汝生盲等！象為如是。』向某生盲等使見象之頭云：『汝生盲等！象為如是。』又向某生盲等使見象之耳云：『汝生盲等！象為如是。』又向某生盲等使見象之牙云：『汝生盲等！象為如是。』又向某生盲等使見象之體云：『汝生盲等！象為如是。』又向某生盲等使見象之脚云：『汝生盲等！……。』又向某生盲等使見象之背云：『汝生盲等！……』又向某生盲等使見象之尾云：『汝生盲等！……』又向某生盲等使見象之尾尖云：『汝生盲等！……』諸比丘！爾時，彼家臣向生盲等使見象，近於王如是云：『大王！彼之生盲等已見象。今正善時，如為思惟請即為之。』諸比丘！彼王近於生盲等云：『汝生盲等見象耶？』生盲等答云：『然，大王！我等已見象。』王曰：『汝等生盲！象為何物？試語之！』諸比丘！見象頭之生盲云：『大王！象恰如甕。』諸比丘！見象耳之生盲云：『大王！象恰如箕。』諸比丘！見象牙之生盲等云：『……恰如犁尖。』諸比丘！觸象鼻之生盲等云：『……恰如犁轅。』……體……『……穀倉……。』……脚……『……柱……。』……背……『……臼……。』……尾……『……杵……。』……尾尖……『……󰆠……。』彼等如是云而互以拳爭。『象為如此，象非如彼；象非如此，象為如彼。』

> At that time, a number of monks, having dressed in their robes and taken their bowls in the early morning, entered Sāvatthi for alms. After walking through Sāvatthi for alms and finishing their meal, they returned from their alms round and approached the Blessed One. Having paid their respects, they sat down to one side. Sitting there, those monks said to the Blessed One: "Venerable Sir, here in Sāvatthi, many ascetics and brahmins of various outside traditions—wanderers who have gone forth—are entering the city for alms. They hold various opinions and are committed to various views. Some ascetics and brahmins speak and hold views such as: 'The world is eternal' or 'The world is not eternal'—claiming, 'This alone is true, all else is false.' And so they argue and dispute, spending their days clashing with sharp tongues, saying, 'This is the Dharma' and 'That is the Dharma.'" The Blessed One responded: "Monks, these outside wanderers are blind and without eyes. They do not know what is beneficial, nor what is not beneficial. They do not know what is the Dharma, nor what is not the Dharma. Being ignorant of what is beneficial and what is not, ignorant of what is Dharma and what is not, they argue and dispute, spending their days clashing with sharp tongues, saying, 'This is the Dharma' and 'That is the Dharma.'" "Monks, in the past, there was a king in this very Sāvatthi. Monks, that king summoned a certain minister and said: 'Come now, my good minister, gather all the people in Sāvatthi who are blind from birth and bring them together in one place.'" "Monks, that minister replied, 'Yes, Your Majesty,' and, having acknowledged the king's command, he gathered the blind people living in Sāvatthi and brought them to the king, saying, 'Your Majesty, the blind people of Sāvatthi have been assembled.'" "Then the king said: 'Then let the blind people be shown the elephant.'" "The minister, replying 'Yes, Your Majesty,' acknowledged the king's command and had the blind people shown the elephant, saying: 'You blind ones, this is what an elephant is like.'" "To some of the blind people, he showed the elephant's head, saying: 'You blind ones, this is what an elephant is like.' To others, he showed the elephant's ear, saying: 'You blind ones, this is what an elephant is like.' To others, he showed the elephant's tusk, saying: 'You blind ones, this is what an elephant is like.' To others, he showed the elephant's body, saying: 'You blind ones, this is what an elephant is like.' To others, he showed the elephant's leg, saying: 'You blind ones, this is what an elephant is like.' To others, he showed the elephant's back, saying: 'You blind ones, this is what an elephant is like.' To others, he showed the elephant's tail, saying: 'You blind ones, this is what an elephant is like.' To others, he showed the tuft at the end of the elephant's tail, saying: 'You blind ones, this is what an elephant is like.'" "Monks, at that time, having shown the elephant to the blind people, that minister approached the king and said: 'Your Majesty, the blind people have now seen the elephant. It is time for whatever you wish to do.'" "Monks, then the king approached those blind people and asked: 'Have you seen the elephant?'" "The blind people replied: 'Yes, Your Majesty, we have seen the elephant.'" "The king said: 'You blind ones, what is the elephant like? Tell me!'" "Monks, the blind people who had seen the elephant's head replied: 'Your Majesty, the elephant is just like a water pot.'" "Monks, the blind people who had seen the elephant's ear replied: 'Your Majesty, the elephant is just like a winnowing basket.'" "Monks, the blind people who had seen the elephant's tusk replied: 'Your Majesty, the elephant is just like a plowshare.'" "Monks, the blind people who had seen the elephant's trunk replied: 'Your Majesty, the elephant is just like a plow pole.'" "Monks, the blind people who had seen the elephant's body replied: 'Your Majesty, the elephant is just like a granary.'" "Monks, the blind people who had seen the elephant's leg replied: 'Your Majesty, the elephant is just like a pillar.'" "Monks, the blind people who had seen the elephant's back replied: 'Your Majesty, the elephant is just like a mortar.'" "Monks, the blind people who had seen the elephant's tail replied: 'Your Majesty, the elephant is just like a pestle.'" "Monks, the blind people who had seen the tuft at the end of the elephant's tail replied: 'Your Majesty, the elephant is just like a broom.'" "And so, quarreling among themselves with their fists, they said: 'The elephant is like this, not like that—the elephant is not like that, it is like this.'"

然諸比丘！彼王大喜。諸比丘！如是外道普行出家之徒眾，為盲目而無眼目……乃至……如是云而口論……以銳利舌鋒對決而渡日，云：『如此為法……乃至……如彼為法。』」世尊知此已，彼時唱此優陀那：

> Then, monks, that king rejoiced greatly. Monks, in the same way, wandering ascetics of other sects—blind and without vision... and so on... thus they speak with sharp tongues, passing their days in debate, saying: “This is the Dharma... and so on... that is the Dharma.” The Blessed One, knowing this, uttered this inspired verse at that time:

「實某沙門婆羅門，彼等執著此等〔見〕。唯只見到一部分，諸人為此生爭論。」

> "Some ascetics and brahmins cling to these views, seeing only a part of the truth, and from this, people quarrel."