集量論頌
Verse of the Compendium of Valid Cognition
陳那 著
Dinnaga
民國．法尊 譯
Translated by Master Fazun (Republic of China)
陳那（Dinnaga，意譯為大域龍），古印度人，約生於五、六世紀間，是印度佛教瑜伽學派唯識今學的代表人物。我國藏文佛教史料說他是世親論師的門人；漢文資料，如「大唐西域記」（卷十）等說他是南印度人，但沒有提到他與世親的師承關係。傳說他早年立志專弘因明，後得文殊師利菩薩的啟示，才決定弘揚「瑜伽師地論」，兼闡因明學說。他的著作，關於教義方面有解釋八千頌「小品般若」的「圓集要義論」；關於因明方面，據義淨「南海寄歸傳」卷四列舉的書名有「觀三世論」、「觀總相論」、「觀境論」、「因門論」、「似因門論」、「理門論」、「取事施設論」、「集量論」等八種，稱為因明八論。而「集量論」則是他晚年總結自己因明思想的代表作。該書以破他顯自的方法，闡明邏輯思維運用矛盾律的法則，在古印度哲學、邏輯發展史中貢獻很大。藏文佛教資料還說他的著作有一百零八種之多。「集量論」在我國早有藏文譯本。唐代義淨曾於景雲二年（西元七一一年）由梵本譯出漢文譯本，但不久即亡佚。
Dignāga (also known as "Great Realm Dragon" in Chinese), was an Indian Buddhist philosopher living around the 5th-6th centuries CE. He was a key figure in the Yogācāra School's doctrine of "Consciousness-Only." Tibetan Buddhist sources identify him as a disciple of the master Vasubandhu, while Chinese records—such as the *Great Tang Records on the Western Regions* (Volume 10)—state he was from South India, though they do not mention a teacher-student relationship with Vasubandhu. Legend has it that Dignāga first dedicated himself to the study of logic (hetu-vidyā). Later, inspired by the Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī, he decided to promote the *Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra* while also expounding logical theories. His works on philosophy include the *Piṇḍārtha-samuccaya*, a commentary on the 8,000-verse *Small Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra*. Regarding logic, the *Nālandā Record of the Dharma* (Volume 4) by the Chinese monk Yijing lists eight treatises—including *Observation of the Three Times*, *Observation of Universals*, *Observation of Objects*, *The Gate of Reasoning*, *The Gate of Fallacious Reasoning*, *The Gate of Logical Principles*, *The Treatise on Perception and Construction*, and *The Compendium of Valid Cognition*—collectively known as the "Eight Logical Treatises." Among these, *The Compendium of Valid Cognition* (Pramāṇasamuccaya) is his mature masterwork, summarizing his insights into logic. In it, he employs a method of refuting opponents to establish his own views, clarifying how logical thought applies the law of non-contradiction—a major contribution to ancient Indian philosophy and logic. Tibetan Buddhist sources claim he authored 108 works. *The Compendium of Valid Cognition* had a Tibetan translation in China early on. During the Tang dynasty, Yijing translated it from Sanskrit into Chinese in 711 CE, but the Chinese version was lost shortly thereafter.
譯者法尊（一九〇二～一九八〇），一九二〇年出家，一九二五至一九三五年先後在西康、西藏求學，一九三六年後在重慶、北平等地佛教院校從事教學和翻譯工作。
The translator Fazun (1902–1980) became a monastic in 1920. From 1925 to 1935, he studied in Xikang and Tibet. After 1936, he taught and translated at Buddhist institutions in Chongqing and Beiping.