---
title: "靈峰蕅益大師宗論 · 大比丘持犯考序"
description: "靈峰蕅益大師宗論是明末高僧智旭的著作。明末佛教面臨內部僵化與外部挑戰，智旭大師立足天台宗，主張禪教律淨融合，回應時代弊病。該書匯集其書信、註疏與開示，系統闡述性相融通、淨土為歸的佛學思想，強調解行並進與實踐修行。作為中國佛教史上承先啟後的巨著，它深刻影響了後世漢傳佛教的發展，尤其對淨土宗的推廣貢獻卓著，被尊為淨土宗第九祖的智旭，其思想透過此論成為明清佛教的重要指南。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn46k3s0onpk104aemlym6a"
---

### 大比丘持犯考序

> Preface to the Examination of Monks' Precept Observance and Violation

浮囊五喻，正喻比丘五篇，是宜輕重等護。而世顧藐為小乘，戒身既損，定慧何從，無惑乎行果俱喪，竟成末運也。經云「持者不作像法法滅盡想，能令正法永不斷滅。」豪傑之士，無待而興，佛既不以遠近論親疏，又豈以先後分時劫。願我同志，各念比丘體尊，毗尼難值，幸獲堂堂僧相，應遵別別木叉。先悔過，後誦戒，方合長淨之科，僧輪增盛，佛法得弘矣。但比丘戒相獨繁，且罪名罪種，並不合與未受人知。故秖列篇次數目，其持者自應熟。四分戒本，及律藏全書，茲不詳。

> The five parables of the air-filled skin illustrate the five categories of precepts for monks, showing that one should protect both minor and major rules equally. Yet worldly people dismiss this as Hinayana (the Lesser Vehicle). Once the foundation of moral discipline is damaged, how can meditative concentration and wisdom arise? It is no wonder that both practice and its fruits are lost, leading to the decline of the Dharma. The sutra says, “One who upholds the precepts does not think, ‘This is the age of imitation Dharma, when the true Dharma will perish.’ Rather, such practice ensures the true Dharma continues forever, never ceasing.” Great-hearted people arise without waiting for conditions. The Buddha does not judge closeness or distance based on time, nor does He divide eras by precedence. I hope my fellow practitioners will each remember the dignity of the bhikkhu (monk) and the rarity of the Vinaya (monastic precepts). Having been fortunate enough to gain the noble appearance of a monk, we should accordingly follow each individual code of conduct (Pratimoksha). First, confess transgressions; then recite the precepts—this alone accords with the Uposatha (fortnightly purification) ceremony. When the Sangha (monastic community) is thus renewed and flourishes, the Buddha’s Dharma will be widely propagated. Since the detailed precepts for monks are extensive, and their specific offenses and categories must not be shared with those who have not yet received ordination, only the sections and their numerical counts are listed here. Those who uphold the precepts should naturally be familiar with the \*Four-Part Vinaya\* and the complete Vinaya texts; these are not detailed here.