---
title: "靈峰蕅益大師宗論 · 金陵三教祠重勸施棺疏"
description: "靈峰蕅益大師宗論是明末高僧智旭的著作。明末佛教面臨內部僵化與外部挑戰，智旭大師立足天台宗，主張禪教律淨融合，回應時代弊病。該書匯集其書信、註疏與開示，系統闡述性相融通、淨土為歸的佛學思想，強調解行並進與實踐修行。作為中國佛教史上承先啟後的巨著，它深刻影響了後世漢傳佛教的發展，尤其對淨土宗的推廣貢獻卓著，被尊為淨土宗第九祖的智旭，其思想透過此論成為明清佛教的重要指南。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn46ma50ozjk104aclu9ruo"
---

### 金陵三教祠重勸施棺疏

> Epitaph for the Three Teachings Shrine in Jinling, Encouraging Coffin Donations

三教深淺，未暇辯也，而仁民愛物之心則同。夫仁愛非外鑠也，行於荒原曠澤，見骸體縱橫、枯骨狼藉，未有不怵惕惻隱者。充惻隱之心，仁不可勝用，儒以之保民，道以之不疵癘於物，釋以之度盡眾生，如不龜手藥，所用有大小耳。故吾謂求道者，求之三教，不若求於自心。自心者，三教之源，三教皆從此心施設。苟無自心，三教俱無；苟昧自心，三教俱昧。苟知此心而擴充之，何患三教不總歸陶鑄也哉？心足以陶鑄三教，乃名能盡其性，亦能盡人物之性。盡人物之性，乃知民不止吾胞，物不止吾與。是故一民饑，我之饑也；一民寒，我之寒也；一枯骨未葬，我未葬也。合天下之苦，以為己苦，合天下之善，以為己善，故莫大乎與人為善，俾一滴善，同歸至善海中，無分劑、無窮盡，斯可與言盡性之道也已。金陵三教祠，自癸亥倡施棺，主其事者，為了玄大德，二十年，施三萬餘具。了玄去世，兼值變更，事遂寢。今流離煢獨，倍於昔時，狐狸蠅蚋，遍於野壑。仁人君子，急議續行，亦此心萬不容己者，而吾因得引其說而申之。昔孟子謂孝子掩親，誠是。然仁人過之，雖非親友，顙亦必泚，視亦必睨。當知一切有情，本來同體，是名一本。然則視父母同路人者，惡之至也，薄之極也；視路人同父母者，善之大也，慈之厚也。一人善，致天下祥；一念慈，回宇宙泰。況合眾善為善，普眾慈為慈，功德可思議哉！昔天帝與阿修羅戰，乍勝乍退者再，由世有一人，欲作善事，輒欲止者再故也。或問予曰：「匹夫一念進退，何遂關天帝勝負？」予曰：「如天平兩處，各二十兩，儻以一分益彼一處，彼則偏重矣。」故曰：天下者，天下之天下。又曰：以身觀身，以天下觀天下。今各捐分文銖兩，俾澤及枯骨，觀身觀天下，胥在此已。

> I won't discuss the relative depths of the three teachings now—but their compassion for people and love for all beings is the same. This love is not something imposed from outside. When you walk through desolate plains and wild marshes and see bodies scattered everywhere and bones lying in disorder, your heart cannot help but feel shock and pity. If you expand this feeling of compassion, your kindness becomes inexhaustible. Confucianism uses it to protect the people, Daoism uses it to harm no creature, and Buddhism uses it to liberate all beings. It's like the ointment for chapped hands—the difference lies only in how it is applied. Thus I say: Those who seek the Way should seek it not in the three teachings, but in their own mind. The mind is the source of the three teachings—all three are established from this mind. If there were no mind, the three teachings would not exist. If you are ignorant of this mind, the three teachings are also obscured. If you know this mind and expand it, why worry that the three teachings cannot all be unified and transformed? When the mind is capable of molding the three teachings, then you can fulfill your own nature, and also fulfill the nature of all people and things. When you fulfill the nature of all people and things, you realize that people are not merely my同胞, and things are not merely my companions. Therefore: one person's hunger is my hunger; one person's cold is my cold; one unburied skeleton is my own unburied remains. Take the suffering of all under heaven as your own suffering; take the goodness of all under heaven as your own goodness. Thus nothing is greater than helping others do good, so that a single drop of goodness returns to the great ocean of perfect goodness—without measure, without end. Then you can speak of the Way of fulfilling one's nature. At the Three Teachings Temple in Nanjing, since the year Guihai, they have promoted the donation of coffins. The leader of this project was the great virtuous one Liaoxuan. For twenty years, over thirty thousand coffins were provided. When Liaoxuan passed away, and times also changed, the project ceased. Now, the displaced and the orphaned are more numerous than before. Foxes, flies, and maggots cover the fields and valleys. Benevolent people and compassionate gentlemen urgently discuss continuing the work. This is an imperative that comes from this mind, and I take this opportunity to expand upon the principle. Mencius said that a filial child’s burial of a parent is truly proper. Yet when a benevolent person passes a corpse, even if it is not a relative or friend, their forehead will still sweat and their eyes will still avert. Know that all sentient beings are originally of one body—this is called the single root. Therefore, to regard parents as strangers is the height of evil and the extreme of cruelty. To regard strangers as parents is great goodness and deep compassion. One person’s goodness brings peace to the world; one moment of kindness restores cosmic harmony. How much more so when many join together in goodness and spread compassion? The merit becomes inconceivable! In the past, the Emperor of Heaven fought with the Asuras. The battle seesawed back and forth twice. This was because, twice, there was a person in the world who wanted to do a good deed, yet another wanted to stop it. Someone asked me: "How can the intention of one ordinary person affect the victory or defeat of the Emperor of Heaven?" I replied: "It is like a scale with two pans, each containing twenty ounces. If you add a single fraction to one side, that side becomes heavier." Thus it is said: "The world belongs to all under heaven." And also: "Observe the body through the body; observe the world through the world." Now, if each person donates a small amount—a penny, a copper—so that kindness reaches the neglected bones, observing the body and observing the world are both contained within this.