---
title: "靈峰蕅益大師宗論 · 自頌除夕問荅二十首"
description: "靈峰蕅益大師宗論是明末高僧智旭的著作。明末佛教面臨內部僵化與外部挑戰，智旭大師立足天台宗，主張禪教律淨融合，回應時代弊病。該書匯集其書信、註疏與開示，系統闡述性相融通、淨土為歸的佛學思想，強調解行並進與實踐修行。作為中國佛教史上承先啟後的巨著，它深刻影響了後世漢傳佛教的發展，尤其對淨土宗的推廣貢獻卓著，被尊為淨土宗第九祖的智旭，其思想透過此論成為明清佛教的重要指南。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn46qq00pmqk104ba9hapbb"
---
### 自頌除夕問荅二十首
> Twenty Verses on New Year's Eve Questions and Answers
一問：如何是為實施權？
> Question: What does it mean to establish provisional teachings based on the ultimate truth?
荅：家家有路透長安。
> Answer: Every home has its own path that leads to Chang'an.
頌曰治水功成定永圖，荒要侯甸各分符。始皇吞併非良策，眨眼秦嬰已獻俘。
> Verse When flood control succeeds, a lasting plan takes hold; In every region, leaders take their role. The First Emperor's conquest was not wise; In a blink, Qin's child-king already surrendered.
又荅病多藥多。
> Another response: The more sicknesses there are, the more remedies there are.
頌曰病多藥亦多，須是問耆婆。黃龍湯一味，那得起沈痾。
> It is said: When illness is many, so too are the remedies—one must consult a skilled physician. If given only a single dose of bitter decoction, how could chronic and deep-seated ailments ever be cured?
二問：如何是開權顯實？
> A second question: What does it mean to unveil the provisional and reveal the ultimate?
荅：借婆衫子拜婆年。
> Answer: Borrowing an old woman's coat to pay her New Year's visit.
頌曰禮到何勞漫費錢，大家恭敬賀新年。面門歡喜心安樂，不羨無懷與葛天。
> A verse says: When sincerity is present in rituals, why waste money on elaborate gifts? Everyone pays respects with reverence to celebrate the New Year. With joyful expressions and peaceful hearts, We need not envy the utopias of ancient times.
又荅子等，心等。
> Additionally mind and other such phenomena are merely mind.
頌曰子等心亦等，況復貲無盡。周給本非難，只愁不自肯。
三問：如何是本跡雖殊，不思議一？
荅：歲歲黃鶯啼綠柳。
頌曰春光一度一番新，賺得嬌奴起怨情。獨有東村王大姐，依依猶憶舊時人。
> Verse: Spring’s full bloom brings novelty each day, Yet stirs a maiden’s heart with tender grief. Only the village woman, Wang Dajie, remains, Gazing back at the one she used to know.
又荅萬古碧潭空界月。
頌曰萬古碧潭月，盈虧時出沒。撈摝非有無，大辯終須訥。
> Eternal is the moon in the emerald pool, Appearing and disappearing with the waxing and waning. To catch its reflection, there is no possession or lack; In the end, great eloquence must fall silent.
四問：如何是觀心若起，本跡俱絕？
> The fourth question: When the mind arises in contemplation, how can both its origin and its manifestations be utterly transcended?
荅：泥佛填官路。
> Answer: The clay Buddha fills the official road.
頌曰路邊掘土成尊像，要走還將尊像填。只恐傍人眉墮落，漫同院主怨天然。
> A verse says: Digging earth by the roadside to build a statue, Then filling it back in when you decide to leave. Afraid that others might look down upon it, You blame the temple caretaker for nature's course.
又荅兩箇泥牛鬥入海。
> Two clay oxen wrestle and sink into the sea.
頌曰泥牛鬥入海，木人齊喝采。堪笑石女兒，猶向波閒待。
> VerseA mud ox plunges into the sea, A wooden man cheers loudly—what a sight! How laughable that daughter of stone Still waits among the waves.
五問：如何是止觀不二？
> Fifth question: What does it mean that calmness and insight are non-dual?
荅：天昏地陷。
> Answer: The sky grows dim and the earth collapses.
頌曰混沌鑿開分兩儀，成形成象漫猜疑。虛空消隕知何許，正是訛傳盤古時。
> The Primal Chaos was split, Heaven and Earth appeared. Forms and images arose—questions and doubts prevailed. The void collapsed—who knows where or when? This is the age of Pangu, passed down as legend.
又荅古鏡挂高臺。
> Another reply:An ancient mirror hangs high upon its stand.
頌曰古鏡挂高臺，何妨胡漢來。秀公空拂拭，拂處轉多埃。
> A verse says: An ancient mirror hangs high on a stand— What does it matter if foreign or Han come to gaze? Priest Shenxiu wiped it in vain, For in the wiping, only more dust arose.
六問：如何是具縛凡夫，能知如來祕密之藏？
> Sixth Question: How can an ordinary person, still bound by their attachments, come to know the Tathagata's secret treasury?
荅：幾處報讎身不死。
> Answer: In how many places does the karmic body, which seeks revenge yet remains undying, exist?
頌曰一自椎秦博浪沙，轉逢黃石圯橋斜。素書雖作劉家用，與赤松遊路未賒。
> The world is a river; its currents are always shifting. \*May you flow with peace, and find the shore within.\*
又荅跛足長年牢把柁。
> Further response: Even with a lame foot and advanced years, hold firmly to the rudder.
頌曰專心牢把柁，跛足難行路。看風便使帆，滄溟頃刻過。
> This verse says: To journey safely, grip the helm with care and focus— Even the lame will find their path. Read the winds and then set sail— The vast, dark sea is crossed in just a moment.
七問：如何是初發心時，便成正覺？
> Question 7: How can one attain perfect enlightenment at the very moment of first awakening the mind?
荅：千場縱博家仍富。
> Answer: Though you indulge in a thousand rounds of gambling, your family remains wealthy.
頌曰梢麤膽壯賭場雄，破盡寒酸士子風。一擲便輸千億界，陶朱雖富未堪同。
> VerseWith rough bravado and bold heart, one lords it over the gambling house, Shedding all traces of a poor scholar’s modest style. With a single throw, one loses worlds beyond count— Even the wealth of a merchant prince cannot compare to such ruin.
又荅一線銀鉤光遍地。
> Another response:A single silver hook's light illuminates the entire ground.
頌曰銀鉤光遍地，一線天邊麗。初夜漏聲寒，影向千江漬。
> A verse says: Moonlight gleams like silver hooks scattered across the land, A single line of beauty stretches along the edge of the sky. In the early night, the dripping hour feels cold and still, Its reflection stains a thousand rivers, damp and deep.
八問：如何是不斷生死而入涅槃？
> Eighth Question: How can one enter nirvana without cutting off samsara (the cycle of birth and death)?
荅：大溈山下水牛肥。
> ANSWER: The water buffalos under Dawei Mountain are well-fed.
頌曰不是冤家不聚頭，自身有債自身酬。牧童若解深深意，莫把繩鞭強繫留。
> A verse says: It takes a true adversary to meet face to face; All debts you owe must be repaid in kind. If the herdsman grasps the deeper meaning, He won't force the rope or whip to bind.
又荅七金香水浪滔天。
> He further replied: The seven-layered golden mountains and the fragrant ocean waters rise in waves that reach the heavens.
頌曰香水浪滔天，潛流注百川。誰能嘗一滴，卻病且延年。
> Then the verse says: The fragrant waters surge into towering waves; Hidden currents feed a hundred rivers. Who can taste just a single drop Shall be cured of illness and granted long life.
九問：如何是續佛慧命？
> Ninth Question: How does one continue the Buddha's wisdom and carry on his spiritual legacy?
荅，依舊可憐生。
> Alright, still quite pitiful indeed.
頌曰果然依舊可憐生，拄拄撐撐直到明。普請大家同著力，莫教倒卻葡萄棚。
> Verses How pitiful, the same as before, They struggle and stagger all the way till dawn. Let everyone work together, lend a hand, And keep the grape arbor from falling down.
又荅饑來喫飯。
> Another response: When hungry, eat.
頌曰佛命不可斷，饑來須喫飯。一日要兩餐，莫學餓死漢。
> The verse says: The Buddha's life must not be cut short— When hungry, you must eat your meal. Two meals a day are what you need— Don't learn from those who starve to death.
十問：如何是臘月三十日用得著的？
> Question ten: What can truly be relied upon at the moment of death?
荅：銀馬金錢接灶神。
> Answer: Offer silver horses and gold coins to welcome the Kitchen God.
頌曰銀馬金錢接灶神，殷勤禮拜祝虔心。一門和氣生千福，四季平安抵萬金。
> Verses Offer silver horses and gold coins to greet the Kitchen God, Bow with devotion to show your sincere heart. When the family lives in harmony, blessings multiply by thousands. Peace throughout the four seasons is worth more than all the gold in the world.
又荅困來打眠。
> One also replies, When sleepy, just sleep.
頌曰臘盡事清閒，困來便打眠。一夢猶未足，爆竹慶新年。
> Verse: With winter's end, all duties are done, And when sleep calls, I just rest and slumber. One dream is still not fully dreamt— When firecrackers celebrate the new year.