---
title: "本生經 · 善喜婆羅門"
description: "本生經是佛教重要經典，屬巴利三藏《小部》的一部，由古代印度僧侶集體編纂而成，主要通過口傳，後於公元前1世紀左右在斯里蘭卡被記錄成文。該經並非由署名作者悟醒所著，悟醒可能是現代編譯者。內容核心是佛陀釋迦牟尼敘述其過去生中作為菩薩，曾為國王、婆羅門、動物等種種身份時，修行慈悲喜捨、積累功德的故事，共計547個。這些生動寓言闡明了因果、業力與菩提心的教義，是了解佛陀修行歷程與佛教道德觀念的寶庫，在南傳佛教中具有崇高地位，對佛教文學、藝術影響深遠。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn4fqlg135vk104u83lf6sq"
---

### 善喜婆羅門

> Brahmin Shanxi

爾時菩薩名善喜婆羅門。某時彼思「招待佛陀」，往詣佛所，聞如蜜之說法，向佛申述曰：「尊師！明日請受予之供養。」〔佛：〕「婆羅門！汝欲招待比丘幾人？」〔善喜：〕「尊師！隨侍比丘有幾人耶？」爾時佛恰正行第一集會，佛曰：「有一兆人。」善喜申曰：「尊師！請與諸眾同來予家接受供養。」佛與承諾。婆羅門為明日之招待，於還自宅途中思惟：「予非不能施此比丘眾之粥飯衣服，但座位場所將如何處理？」當彼如是思惟，使八萬四千由旬高處天王之赤黃毛毯色石座帶來溫味。帝釋天曰：「何人使予將由此座搖落？」彼以天眼徧觀發現大士而自思惟：「善喜婆羅門，為招待佛與比丘座席之事躊思，予須參與彼處善業之分擔。」帝釋化身為木工之姿，手携斧鐵，現身大士面前云：「於何地方以工資僱用予之人耶？」大士見曰：「汝能為何工作？」木工：「予無不知之藝。家中棚舍，人能作者，予皆能為。」大士：「如是予處有工作。」木工：「主人有何工作？」大士：「明日予將招待一兆比丘大眾，彼比丘眾所坐之棚舍，汝能為耶？」木工：「若主人與予工資，予將為之。」大士：「予將付與。」木工：「甚善，予將為作。」〔木工之帝釋〕，往見一處，有十二十三由旬量之土地，如徧處定之對象所用土地之平坦。彼即作念：「此一場所，以七寶建立為一棚舍。」棚舍立即破大地而出。於金製之柱上載以銀製之大斗，於銀柱之上載金之大斗，於摩尼柱之上載珊瑚之大斗，於珊瑚柱之上載摩尼之大斗，於七寶之柱上，載七寶之大斗。然後於「每一棚舍之間，垂掛鈴網」。同時鈴網下垂。微風吹動，由五種樂器鳴響出微妙之音，恰如天人一同讀誦時之狀。彼念：「內側垂香繩與花環之繩。」則繩即下垂。彼念：「一兆數比丘眾之座席與長凳，破地出現。」則亦立即出現。彼念：「每一隅各出一水瓶。」則水瓶亦即出現。

> At that time, the bodhisattva was known as the Brahmin Shubha. On one occasion, he thought, "I should invite the Buddha." So he went to where the Buddha was, heard his honey-sweet teaching, and said to him: "Venerable Sir, please accept my offering tomorrow." The Buddha asked: "Brahmin, how many monks do you wish to invite?" Shubha replied: "Venerable Sir, how many monks are in your following?" At that time, the Buddha was holding his first great assembly. He said: "There are a hundred million." Shubha said: "Venerable Sir, please come to my home together with the assembly and accept the offering." The Buddha agreed. On his way home, the Brahmin thought about the preparations for the next day's invitation: "I am certainly able to provide porridge, meals, and robes for this community of monks. But how will I arrange seating for them?" As this thought arose, the celestial throne of Shakra, the Lord of Gods—made of yellow woolen cloth and measuring eighty-four thousand leagues high—began to feel warm. Shakra thought: "Who is trying to shake me from my throne?" Using his divine eye, he looked down and saw the Great Being. He realized: "Shubha the Brahmin is worrying about seating for the Buddha and the monks. I should go and take part in this good deed." Shakra then transformed himself into a carpenter, carrying an axe and a measuring line, and appeared before the Great Being, saying: "Is there anyone here who will hire me for wages?" The Great Being saw him and asked: "What work can you do?" The carpenter replied: "There is no craft I do not know. Whatever sheds, huts, or houses a man can make—I can make them all." The Great Being said: "Well then, I have work for you." The carpenter asked: "Master, what is the work?" The Great Being replied: "Tomorrow I am hosting a gathering of a hundred million monks. Can you build a shelter for them to sit in?" The carpenter said: "If you pay me, I will build it." The Great Being said: "I will pay you." The carpenter said: "Very well, I will do it." Then Shakra, in the form of a carpenter, went to a place where there was a piece of land measuring ten or twelve leagues, as flat as the meditation object used in the kasina practice. He thought: "Let a pavilion made of the seven precious substances arise here." Immediately, the pavilion burst forth from the earth. On pillars of gold were placed capitals of silver; on pillars of silver, capitals of gold; on pillars of beryl, capitals of coral; on pillars of coral, capitals of beryl; and on pillars made of all seven treasures, capitals of the seven treasures. Then he thought: "Let nets of bells hang between each pair of pillars." And so they did, hanging down. A gentle breeze blew, and the bells produced exquisite sounds from five kinds of musical instruments, as if divine beings were chanting together. Then he thought: "Let garlands and fragrant garlands hang down inside." And they hung down. Then he thought: "Let the seats and benches for a hundred million monks appear, bursting forth from the earth." And they appeared. Then he thought: "Let a water jar be placed in each corner." And the jars appeared.

如是完成之後，彼往婆羅門之處云：「主人請出觀覽汝之棚舍，請付予資金。」大士往觀棚舍，一見而全身充滿五種喜悅。彼見棚舍自思：「此非人間之所作，依予之志德，感帝釋天界溫味，是帝釋天王作此棚舍。於此棚舍之中，不可唯為一日之施。予將為七日之施。」無論外部之施如何，菩薩尚不能喜，惟有切首、塗墨、挖眼、割肉之施，菩薩由此施與始能滿意。菩薩於尸王本生譚中（故事第四九九）每日以五安瑪那量之伽瓦巴那錢幣，於都城四門及中央行施。猶不能與菩薩喜捨之滿悅。然彼時帝釋天王以婆羅門之姿前來乞捨兩眼時，菩薩挖目與之，始起歡喜之心。菩薩之心，絲毫不趣外向。是故，今之如是施與，菩薩不能滿足。故此大士思惟：「予須於七日之間，施此一兆之比丘眾。」於是於棚舍中設座，七日間行乳糜之施。人間之力不足，天人亦來交相服務。於十二十三由旬量之場所，尚難容納比丘，於是比丘眾各依己之威神力而坐。最終之日，比丘眾洗鉢，盛入醍醐味、熟酥、蜜糖及其他之物以為藥餌、並添加三衣。其中最年幼之比丘所受法衣，即為十萬兩之價。佛述隨喜之辭：「彼行如是大施，究為如何成就？」佛鑽研得知：「彼於二阿僧祇十萬劫後，將成為瞿曇佛。」佛呼大士豫言：「汝經如是如是之時後，將成為瞿曇佛。」大士聞此豫言思惟：「佛言予將成佛，家族生活，於予亦無必要，予將出家。」於是唾棄己身之榮華，詣佛之所而出家。於出家後，彼學佛之教，得神通與禪定，命終之後、生梵天界。

> After completing this, he approached the Brahmin and said: "Please, master, come out and inspect your shelter, and then pay the fee." The Great Being went to see the shelter, and upon seeing it, his entire body was filled with five kinds of joy. Seeing the shelter, he thought: "This is no human work. By the power of my virtue, it has drawn the warmth of the heavenly realm of Sakra (the Lord of Devas). It must be Sakra himself who built this shelter. In this shelter, I cannot hold just a one-day offering. I will make offerings for seven days." No matter what external offerings were made, the Bodhisatta could not yet be delighted. Only through offerings involving cutting off his head, smearing ink, gouging out his eyes, cutting his flesh, could the Bodhisatta then be satisfied. In the story of the King of the Dead (Story No. 499), the Bodhisatta gave away fifty \*amana\* measures of \*kavābana\* coins daily at the four gates of the city and at its center. Yet even this could not match the full joy of the Bodhisatta's generous spirit. However, when Sakra, disguised as a Brahmin, came to beg for his two eyes, the Bodhisatta plucked them out and gave them, and only then did joy arise in him. The Bodhisatta's mind was in no way directed toward external things. Therefore, offerings like this one could not satisfy the Bodhisatta. So the Great Being thought: "I must make offerings to this multitude of one hundred thousand monks for seven days." Thus he set up seats in the shelter and for seven days gave offerings of milk-rice porridge (\*pāyasa\*). Human strength was insufficient, so devas also came to help serve. In a space of ten or twelve \*yojanas\*, it was still difficult to accommodate the monks, so each monk sat according to his own spiritual power. On the final day, the monks washed their bowls and filled them with clarified butter, honey, sugar, and other substances to be used as medicine, and they also offered the three robes (\*ticīvara\*). The youngest monk received a robe worth one hundred thousand pieces of money. The Buddha spoke words of rejoicing: "What will become of him who performed such a great offering?" The Buddha, after investigation, realized: "After two incalculable eons (\*asaṅkhyeya\*) and one hundred thousand eons (\*kappa\*), he will become the Buddha Gotama." The Buddha called to the Great Being and predicted: "After such-and-such time, you will become the Buddha Gotama." Hearing this prophecy, the Great Being thought: "The Buddha says I will become a Buddha. Family life is no longer necessary for me; I will renounce the world." So he rejected his own glory and honors, went to the Buddha's presence, and became a monk. After ordaining, he studied the Buddha's teachings, gained meditative absorptions (\*jhāna\*) and psychic powers (\*abhiññā\*), and after his life ended, was reborn in the Brahma-world.

吉祥世尊之都城名上勝，父名上勝，剎帝利族，母名上勝妃。善天、法軍二人為上首弟子。侍者所護，喜瓦莉與無憂二人為女上首弟子。那伽樹為菩提樹，佛身長八十八肘，生九萬年入於涅槃，一萬大世界一時總黑暗，所有大世界中諸人強烈悲泣。

> The Blessed One's capital city was called Supreme Victory. His father was King Supreme Victory of the Kshatriya caste, and his mother was Queen Supreme Victory. His two chief male disciples were Devaguna and Dharmasena. His personal attendant was Rakshita. His two chief female disciples were Sivali and Ashoka. His Bodhi tree was the Naga tree. The Buddha's physical body stood eighty-eight cubits tall. He lived for ninety thousand years before entering Nirvana. When he passed away, ten thousand great world systems were simultaneously plunged into darkness, and all beings in these worlds wept deeply and intensely.

二二五

> \*\*225\*\*

憍陳如佛後 導者名吉祥拂去世黑暗 揭舉法炬火

> After the Buddha Kao-ia-ju, The next guide was named Auspicious One, Dispelling the world's darkness, He raised high the flame of truth.