---
title: "本生經 · 主分"
description: "本生經是佛教重要經典，屬巴利三藏《小部》的一部，由古代印度僧侶集體編纂而成，主要通過口傳，後於公元前1世紀左右在斯里蘭卡被記錄成文。該經並非由署名作者悟醒所著，悟醒可能是現代編譯者。內容核心是佛陀釋迦牟尼敘述其過去生中作為菩薩，曾為國王、婆羅門、動物等種種身份時，修行慈悲喜捨、積累功德的故事，共計547個。這些生動寓言闡明了因果、業力與菩提心的教義，是了解佛陀修行歷程與佛教道德觀念的寶庫，在南傳佛教中具有崇高地位，對佛教文學、藝術影響深遠。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn4fufg141ck104lhvp8mll"
---

### 主分

> Main Section

昔日，由今第五劫之昔，菩薩於賽利瓦地方為名賽利瓦之行李商人〔行商〕，彼與一貪慾之行李商人名賽利渥者同渡奈拉瓦哈河入安達普拉市，劃分市街，於自己入手之街巡迴叫賣商品，而另一人則準備接收入手之市街。

此市前有一紳商，今已完全零落，親子、兄弟、財產一切失去，只餘一女與彼祖母生存，二人均為他人僱傭而生活。其家大紳商昔日使用之黃金茶碗棄置於他物之間不用，為塵土塗蓋。二人不知其為黃金茶碗。恰於其時，此貪慾商人叫賣：「請買寶石飾物，請買寶石！」巡迴步行來至其家門前。其女見商人向祖母云：「祖母！請為予買一瓔珞飾物。」祖母：「予等貧窮之身，如何買物？」女：「予等有彼茶碗，亦不需要，賣之可買！」於是祖母呼商人入，使著座觀看茶碗云：「汝買此物，與女任何飾物。」商人手取茶碗自思：「此似為黃金茶碗。」迴轉觀察，見碗底有針刻入之紋，視之知確為黃金。彼思：「予將一文不與取此茶碗！」彼云：「此無任何價值之物，半磨沙迦亦不值。」投碗於地上，由座起立而去。一人進入而又出去之街，當然他人接手而入。菩薩入其街：「請買寶石飾物。」繼續叫賣，來至其門前。女向祖母如前所云，祖母向女曰：「先來商人投茶碗於地而去，今以何物買之？」女：「先之商人言語粗暴，今之商人優雅風采，言語柔和，必能大方收買！」祖母：「如是呼彼請入。」於是女喚彼入。商人入其家坐時，二人使彼觀看茶碗，彼知此為黃金。彼云：「此茶碗值十萬金，只此茶碗價值物品，予之手邊不足！」祖母：「貴君！先來之商人謂此碗不值半磨沙迦，投諸地面而去，今依貴君之功德得變為黃金茶碗！予等願將之奉上，任君惠予何物，請君持去！」於是菩薩將手邊所有金子五百迦利沙波拏與價五百金之物品悉數與之，「請只與予秤、袋及八迦利沙波拏！」彼只要求此數，受碗而去，急往河岸，與船頭八加利沙波拏乘船渡河。其後貪慾之商人又再往女家云：「請與我茶碗，貴女有何所需，予將付與。」彼女責彼曰：「汝對予等價值十萬金之黃金碗，不付半磨沙迦之價值與予，然有一似汝主人之正直商人投以千金持之而去。」貪慾之商人聞此語後，彼知：「失此黃金茶碗，對己為莫大損失！」心中沉痛憂慮，失心而不起記憶，散撒己手所持之金錢與商品，上衣與下衣，均皆捨脫，手持秤桿代替棍棒，逐菩薩之後，到達河岸，見菩薩乘船而行，高聲喊叫：「船頭！回船返來！」菩薩制止云：「不可返回原岸渡彼！」而此貪慾商人見菩薩行去，愈積悲憤之情，心臟熾熱，口中迸出鮮血，心臟如旱魃之池泥燥裂；彼於抱怨菩薩聲中，忽然命終。此為提婆達多對菩薩最初之遺恨。菩薩為布施之善行，隨業報離此世而去。於成正覺之結分等正覺者（佛）為此法話後，後唱次之偈：

> In this city, there once lived a wealthy merchant, but now his family had completely fallen. He had lost his sons, brothers, and all his property, leaving only a daughter and her grandmother, who both worked for others to survive. Among their discarded belongings sat a golden tea bowl that the merchant had once used—now covered in dust and forgotten. Neither of them realized it was made of gold. Just then, a greedy merchant came by, calling out, "Buy precious ornaments! Buy precious jewels!" as he wandered through the streets, eventually reaching their door. The girl saw him and said to her grandmother, "Grandmother! Please buy me a necklace ornament." The grandmother replied, "We are poor people—how can we afford to buy anything?" The girl said, "We have that old tea bowl and don't need it. We can sell it and buy something!" So the grandmother invited the merchant in, had him sit down, and showed him the tea bowl, saying, "Buy this bowl, and give the girl any ornament you like." The merchant took the bowl in hand and thought to himself, "This looks like it might be a golden bowl." He turned it over and examined it, noticing a carved mark at the bottom. Upon seeing it, he knew for certain it was gold. Then he thought, "I will take this bowl without paying a single cent!" He said, "This is worthless—not even half a coin's value." He threw the bowl on the ground, got up, and walked away. Now, it's only natural that when one person leaves a street, another enters. So the Bodhisatta came walking down the same street, calling out, "Buy precious ornaments! Buy precious jewels!" until he reached their door. The girl said to her grandmother as before. The grandmother told her, "The last merchant threw the bowl on the ground and left. How can we expect to sell it now?" The girl replied, "The first merchant was rude and harsh. This one looks refined and speaks gently—surely he'll buy it fairly!" The grandmother said, "If so, invite him in." So the girl called him inside. When he entered and sat down, they showed him the tea bowl, and he recognized it was gold. He said, "This bowl is worth a hundred thousand coins. Just this bowl alone is more valuable than anything I've brought with me." The grandmother said, "Sir! The first merchant said this bowl wasn't worth half a coin and threw it on the ground. Now, thanks to your virtue, it has become a golden bowl! We gladly give it to you—please take whatever you feel is fair and keep the bowl." So the Bodhisatta gave them all the gold he had with him—five hundred coins—plus goods worth another five hundred, saying, "Just give me the scale, a bag, and eight coins." He asked only for that, took the bowl, and hurried to the riverbank. There he paid the boatman eight coins and crossed the river. Later, the greedy merchant returned to the girl's house and said, "Give me that bowl—whatever you need, I'll pay for it." The girl scolded him, saying, "You wouldn't pay even half a coin for our golden bowl worth a hundred thousand! But an honest merchant, just like the master you claim to serve, came and paid us a thousand and took it away." When the greedy merchant heard this, he realized, "I've lost that golden bowl—what a tremendous loss for me!" Overwhelmed with grief and despair, he lost his mind and his memory. He scattered the money and goods he was carrying, tore off his upper and lower garments, and grabbing a scale rod to use as a walking stick, he chased after the Bodhisatta. When he reached the riverbank and saw the Bodhisatta sailing away, he shouted, "Boatman! Turn the boat around!" But the Bodhisatta stopped the boatman, saying, "Don't go back to fetch him." Seeing the Bodhisatta sail away, the greedy merchant's anger and sorrow grew ever greater. His heart burned with fever, blood burst from his mouth, and his heart shattered like dry mud cracked in a drought. In the midst of his resentment toward the Bodhisatta, he suddenly died. This was the very first grudge that Devadatta harbored against the Bodhisatta. The Bodhisatta, through his generous deeds, passed on according to his karma. When the Buddha, having attained full enlightenment, told this story as part of his teachings, he recited this verse:

若於現世 反導正法永受苦惱 如賽利商

> Those who in this very life Turn against the true Dharma Will suffer endless torment— Like the merchant Sairi.