---
title: "附隨 · （一）"
description: "附隨是南传上座部佛教律藏的重要组成部分作者是佛陀的弟子伍巴离尊者其内容成书于第一次结集后作为对巴利律藏的补充和详细解释主要阐述僧团的各种细微戒律条文包括僧众的日常起居衣食用药等具体规范以及戒律制定因缘和持犯案例在佛教中附隨具有极高的权威性它与经分別犍度部共同构成巴利律藏三大部分是研究原始佛教僧团生活和戒律实修的核心文献对南传佛教地区的戒律传承与僧伽教育影响深远"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn6vo171nk0k104udgy4ugy"
---

### （一）

「依彼智者、見者、應供者、等正覺者之世尊，於何處制立第一波羅夷耶？」言：「於毘舍離制之也。」「因何人耶？」言：「因須提那迦蘭陀子也。」「為何事耶？」言：「須提那迦蘭陀子與故妻共行不淨法之事也。」「其處有制、隨制、不隨犯制耶？」言：「有一制、二隨制，其處無不隨犯制。」「為遍通制、限定制耶？」言：「遍通制也。」「為共通制、不共通制耶？」言：「共通制也。」「一部眾制、兩部眾制耶？」言：「兩部眾制也。」「五種波羅提木叉讀誦法中，入於何處、攝入於何處耶？」言：「沒入於因緣，攝入於因緣。」「依何種讀誦法而誦出耶？」言：「依第二讀誦法而誦出。」「於四種失壞中，為何種失壞耶？」言：「壞戒也。」「於七種罪聚中，為何種罪聚耶？」言：「波羅夷罪聚也。」「於六種犯罪等起中，依幾種等起而生起耶？」言：「依一種等起而生起，即由身與意生起而不由語。」「於四種諍事中，為何種諍事耶？」言：「犯罪諍事也。」「於七種滅諍法中，依幾種滅諍法而滅之耶？」言：「依兩種滅諍法而滅之，依現前毘尼及自言治也。」

> "Based on the wise, the seer, the worthy one, the fully enlightened World-Honored One, where was the first pārājika rule established?" "It was established in Vaiśālī." "On account of whom?" "On account of Sudinna, the son of the Kalandaka family." "For what reason?" "Because Sudinna, the son of the Kalandaka family, engaged in impure conduct with his former wife." "At that place, was there a rule, a supplementary rule, or a rule with no offense?" "There was one rule and two supplementary rules; at that place, there was no rule with no offense." "Was it a general rule or a specific rule?" "It was a general rule." "Was it a common rule or an uncommon rule?" "It was a common rule." "Was it a rule for one assembly or for both assemblies?" "It was a rule for both assemblies." "Among the five methods of reciting the Prātimokṣa, into which category does it fall, and under which is it included?" "It falls under the category of circumstances and is included under circumstances." "By which method of recitation was it proclaimed?" "It was proclaimed by the second method of recitation." "Among the four types of downfall, which type of downfall is it?" "It is a downfall of morality." "Among the seven categories of offenses, which category of offense is it?" "It is the category of pārājika offenses." "Among the six origins of offenses, by how many origins does it arise?" "It arises by one origin, namely, through body and mind, not through speech." "Among the four types of disputes, which type of dispute is it?" "It is a dispute regarding offenses." "Among the seven methods for settling disputes, by how many methods is it settled?" "It is settled by two methods: by the Vinaya of presence and by confession and acceptance of the penalty."

「其中何者為毘尼而何者為阿毘毘尼耶？」「制為毘尼而細說為阿毘毘尼也。」「何者為波羅提木叉、何者為增上波羅提木叉耶？」言：「制為波羅提木叉而細說為增上波羅提木叉也。」「何者為失壞耶？」言：「不律儀失壞也。」「何者為成就耶？」言：「律儀成就也。」「何者為道行耶？」言：「言：『我應不如是作。』終生至死護持，於學處學行也。」「依幾種義利故，世尊制立第一波羅夷耶？」言：「依十利故，世尊制立第一波羅夷：為攝僧，為僧安樂，為調伏惡人，為善比丘安樂住，為斷現世漏，為滅後世漏，為令未信者生信，為令已信者增長，為正法久住，為敬重律。」「何人學習耶？」「有學及善凡夫也。」「何人已學戒耶？」言：「阿羅漢已學戒也。」「住立於何處耶？」言：「住立於好學之處。」「何人護持耶？」言：「彼具〔律藏及釋疏知解〕者護持也。」「何人之語耶？」言：「世尊、應供、等正覺者之語也。」「由何人傳承之耶？」言：「次第傳承也，即：

> "Which of these is Vinaya and which is Abhivinaya?" "Establishing the rules is Vinaya; elaborating on them in detail is Abhivinaya." "What is Pātimokkha and what is Adhipātimokkha?" He said: "Establishing the precepts is Pātimokkha; elaborating on them in detail is Adhipātimokkha." "What is failure?" He said: "Failure is lack of discipline." "What is accomplishment?" He said: "Accomplishment is maintaining discipline." "What is the path of practice?" He said: "It is saying, 'I should not act in such a way,' and upholding this from life until death, diligently following the training precepts." "For how many benefits did the Blessed One establish the first Pārājika?" He said: "For ten benefits, the Blessed One established the first Pārājika: for the harmony of the Sangha, for the well-being of the Sangha, for restraining those with harmful tendencies, for the peaceful dwelling of virtuous monks, for cutting off present defilements, for preventing future defilements, for inspiring faith in those without it, for deepening the faith of believers, for the long-lasting preservation of the true Dharma, and for upholding respect for the discipline." "Who learns it?" "Learners and virtuous ordinary people." "Who has fully mastered the precepts?" He said: "Arahants have fully mastered the precepts." "Where is it established?" He said: "It is established in the place of diligent learning." "Who upholds it?" He said: "Those who possess knowledge of the Vinaya and its commentaries uphold it." "Whose words are these?" He said: "They are the words of the Blessed One, the Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One." "By whom were they transmitted?" He said: "They were transmitted in succession, namely:

優波離、提沙迦以及蘇那迦、悉伽婆，第五目犍連子帝須，此等於閻浮提（印度本土）稱為吉祥〔人〕。

> Uppali, Tissaka, and Sonaka, Siggava, and the fifth, Moggaliputta Tissa—these are known in Jambudipa (the Indian subcontinent) as the Auspicious Ones.

其後，摩哂陀、伊提耶、鬱帝迦、參婆樓及博學之拔陀，此等龍象有大智慧，由閻浮提前來此地（錫蘭），彼等於銅鍱洲（錫蘭）誦出律藏，教授五部尼柯耶及七論。

> Later, Mahinda, Itthiya, Uttiya, Sambala, and the learned Bhaddasāla—these great beings of profound wisdom came from Jambudvīpa to this land (Sri Lanka). In the island of Tambapaṇṇi (Sri Lanka), they recited the Vinaya Piṭaka, taught the Five Nikāyas, and the Seven Treatises.

其後賢明之大阿栗吒及博學之帝沙達多，有信念之伽羅須末那，長老名帝加及博學之地伽須末那。

> Afterwards, there were the wise and great Arhats, the learned Tishadatta, the faithful Karasumana, the elder named Tika, and the learned Digasumana.

又有伽羅須末那及龍象之佛護，賢明長老帝須及博學長老提婆。

> There were also the venerable elders Sumana and Nāgasena, protected by the Buddha, along with the wise elder Tissa and the learned elder Deva.

又有賢明通達律藏之須摩那，多聞而難屈伏如象王之專那伽于樓醯那，善被尊崇之曇無波離，其弟子名差摩，有大智慧，通達三藏，於島中，如諸星之王（月），以智慧而輝耀。

> There was also Sumana, wise and well-versed in the Vinaya; Cullanaga, learned and unyielding like an elephant king; and Dhammapala, who was greatly revered. His disciple, Sama, possessed great wisdom, was proficient in the Three Baskets, and shone on the island like the moon among the stars, radiant with wisdom.

博學之鄔波底沙及大說法者觸天。

> Upatissa, the widely learned one, and Asoka, the great teacher.

更有賢明之須摩那，多聞之佛波那摩，通達三藏大說法者摩訶修奧。

> There is also the wise Sumana, the widely learned Buddhapāla, and Mahāśūra, the great Dharma teacher who is thoroughly versed in the Three Baskets of scripture.

更有通達律而賢明之優波離，大智慧者，為大龍而通曉傳統之正法。

> There is also Upāli, who is well-versed in the Vinaya and wise, a person of great wisdom, a great dragon who thoroughly understands the traditional true Dharma.

更有賢明者阿波耶，遍通三藏，賢明之長老帝沙，通達律。

> Furthermore, there is the wise Apaya, who is thoroughly versed in the Three Baskets, and the wise elder Tissa, who is deeply knowledgeable in the Vinaya.

彼弟子有大智慧，多聞之佛波，彼護持聖教，樹立於閻浮提。

> That disciple possesses great wisdom and has heard the teachings of the Buddha extensively. He upholds the sacred teachings and establishes them firmly in this world.

又賢明通達律之周羅婆耶，賢明而通曉傳統正法之帝沙長老，賢明而通達律藏之周羅帝瓦，賢明遍通律之私波長老。

> And the wise and learned Vinaya master Cullapāla, the wise and learned elder Tissa who was well-versed in the traditional Dhamma, the wise and learned Vinaya master Cūladeva, and the wise and learned elder Sīva, who was thoroughly versed in the Vinaya.

此等龍象，有大智慧，解律通道，於銅鍱洲，宣說律藏。」

> These great beings, possessing profound wisdom, understood the precepts and mastered the path. On the island of Sri Lanka, they proclaimed the Vinaya teachings.