---
title: "清淨道論 · 一　一切處業處"
description: "清淨道論是五世紀上座部佛教論師佛音尊者所造的一部系統性巨著由覺音法師譯為中文。該論以戒定慧三學為框架詳細闡述了修行者從初學至證悟涅槃的完整清淨之道。內容涵蓋七清淨與十六觀智並匯總了南傳佛教的禪修理論與實踐方法體系嚴密被譽為佛教禪修百科全書。該論是上座部佛教最具權威的修行指南之一對南傳佛教國家影響深遠至今仍是禪修教學與佛學研究的重要典籍。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgn7awim00i5l504wpszcb00"
---

### 〔一〕〔一切處業處〕

> 〔1〕〔Universal Meditation Subjects〕

「一切處業處」是對比丘眾等為慈與死念。某人人是不淨想，亦言〔一切處業處〕。然，行業處之比丘，第一先行〔慈範圍〕之限定，對其境內之比丘眾「幸福而無惱害」當修習慈。由此對境內之諸天神、對附近村之諸支配者，由此加上其處知人民並對一切友情而〔當修慈〕。然，彼對比丘眾依慈，於諸共住者生起柔和心。如是彼等為彼幸福之同住者。對境內之諸天神，慈之故而心為柔和之諸天神，以如法之護而行善守護。對附近諸支配者，慈之故而為身柔和之諸支配者，以如法之護，善守護品物。對其處之人民，慈之故〔人民〕起信樂心，不蔑視行乞之〔彼〕。對一切有情，慈之故一切處行乞而不被害。其次依死念，思念：「我必當死。」而捨邪求，以益增大〔無常、苦、無我之〕悚懼，為無執著之生活，其次，通曉不淨想者，雖為諸天所緣，〔對其所緣〕不依貪而奪彼心。如斯〔慈、死念、不淨想〕行多饒益故，於一切處所希求、欲求者，且目的為瑜伽勤修之業處，言為「一切處業處」。

> "All-encompassing meditation subjects" refers to loving-kindness and mindfulness of death for monks and others. Some people contemplate impurity, and that too is called an "all-encompassing meditation subject." A monk practicing a meditation subject should first develop loving-kindness toward the monks within his dwelling area, wishing them "happiness and freedom from harm." From there, he extends it to the deities in that area, then to the local rulers nearby, then to the people living in that region, and then to all beings. Through loving-kindness toward the monks, he develops a gentle heart toward those he lives with. Thus they become happy fellow dwellers. Through loving-kindness toward the deities in the area, the deities whose hearts are softened by that loving-kindness protect him well with rightful protection. Through loving-kindness toward the local rulers, those rulers whose bodies are softened by that loving-kindness protect his belongings well with rightful protection. Through loving-kindness toward the people of that region, their minds become full of faith and joy, and they do not despise him as he goes about seeking alms. Through loving-kindness toward all living beings, he can walk everywhere seeking alms without being harmed. Next, through mindfulness of death, he reflects: "I will surely die." This makes him abandon wrong pursuits and greatly increase his sense of urgency about impermanence, suffering, and non-self, leading to a life of non-attachment. Furthermore, one who understands the contemplation of impurity is not overcome by greed even when deities are the object of his attention. Because these practices—loving-kindness, mindfulness of death, and contemplation of impurity—bring abundant benefit, whatever one seeks and desires everywhere, and whatever serves as a meditation subject for diligent yogic practice, is called an "all-encompassing meditation subject."