---
title: "摩訶婆羅多的故事 · 29.憂患是古來就有的"
description: "摩诃婆罗多的故事由拉贾戈帕拉查理改写，唐季雍翻译，金克木校订。这部作品源于古印度史诗摩诃婆罗多，成书于公元前数世纪，背景为列国纷争的印度社会，核心叙述俱卢族与般度族为争夺王位爆发的战争，穿插大量哲学与神话。主要内容围绕正法、责任与解脱展开，以黑天教导阿周那的薄伽梵歌为核心，强调行动瑜伽与精神觉悟。在佛教中，它虽属印度教经典，但共享轮回、业报等概念，常被比较引用，作为理解古印度思想的重要参照，影响深远。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgviwqis0010ju04w6ic2v3c"
---

### 29.憂患是古來就有的

> Anxiety Has Existed Since Ancient Times

大力羅摩和黑天帶着隨從到般度族所住的森林中去。大力羅摩見到了一切情况，感到深切的憂傷。他對黑天說：

> Krishna and Balarama, accompanied by their followers, went to the forest where the Pandavas were staying. When Balarama saw everything that had happened, he felt deep sorrow. He said to Krishna:

「黑天啊，看來善惡的報應在生活中是相反的。瞧，行惡的難敵穿絲綢，戴金飾，治理着國家；而有德的堅戰却披着樹皮在森林中生活。看到這種不配受的尊榮和不該有的困苦，人們會喪失了對神明的信仰。看到這個世界上善行惡行的結果，人們會認為經典中讚頌美德只是空談。持國王將來跟死神面對面時，將怎樣解釋自己的行為，為自己辯護呢？甚至高山和大地，見到無罪的般度族和祭火所生的黑公主居住在這個森林裏，也都在那兒啜泣呢。」

> "Krishna, look how virtue and vice seem to have their rewards reversed in this world. Look—the evil-minded Duryodhana wears silk and gold and rules a kingdom, while the virtuous Yudhishthira lives in the forest dressed in bark. When people see such undeserved honor and such undeserved suffering, they lose faith in the divine. Seeing how good and evil deeds work out in this world, people will think the scriptures' praise of virtue is just empty talk. When King Dhritarashtra comes face to face with Death, how will he explain and defend his actions? Even the mountains and the earth weep to see the innocent Pandavas and their queen Draupadi, born from the sacrificial fire, living in this forest."

善戰坐在大力羅摩旁邊，說道：「大力羅摩，現在不是悲傷的時候。難道我們要等到堅戰來要求我們，才去儘自己的責任，為般度族出力嗎？你和黑天以及其他親友都還活着，為什麼般度族要在森林裏浪費寶貴的年月呢？我們把自己的力量聯合起來去攻打難敵吧。我們有苾濕尼族的軍隊，確信力量足以摧毀俱盧族。其實，黑天和你自己就能夠輕而易舉地戰勝他們，又何必要什麼軍隊呢？我自己希望戰勝迦爾納所誇耀的射技，把迦爾納的頭割下來。我們去把難敵和他的黨徒殺死在戰場上吧。如果般度族要遵守諾言，在森林裏生活，那我們就把王國交給激昂。這末做，既對他們有利，也適合我們這般勇士的身份。」

> Shan Zhan sat beside the mighty Rama and spoke: "Rama, mighty one, this is no time for sorrow. Must we wait for Yudhishthira to come and beg us before we fulfill our duty and fight for the Pandavas? While you, Krishna, and all our friends and kin are still alive, why should the Pandavas waste precious years in the forest? Let us unite our own strength and attack Duryodhana. We have the Vrishni army, and I am certain it is enough to crush the Kurus. In truth, you and Krishna alone could easily defeat them—why even need an army? I myself wish to vanquish the archery that Karna boasts of and cut off his head. Let us go and slay Duryodhana and his followers on the battlefield. If the Pandavas must honor their vow and live in the forest, then let us hand the kingdom over to Abhimanyu. Doing so will both benefit them and befit warriors like us."

黑天仔細傾聽了這段言論後，說話了。他說：「你說得不錯。可是般度族不願意仗別人的力取得東西。出身於英雄世家的黑公主也是不愛聽這種話的。堅戰决不會為了愛或恐懼而放棄正道。等到放逐期限一滿，般遮羅、竭迦夜、車底的國王和我們聯合起來組成一支強大的武裝力量，就可以幫助般度族戰勝他們的仇敵。」

> Krishna listened carefully to these words before responding. He said, "What you say is true. However, the Pandavas do not wish to obtain anything through the help of others. Draupadi, who comes from a lineage of heroes, also dislikes such talk. Yudhishthira will never abandon the path of righteousness out of love or fear. Once the period of exile has ended, the kings of Panchala, Kekaya, and Chedi can join forces with us to form a powerful military force, which will help the Pandavas overcome their enemies."

堅戰王很喜歡黑天這番話。

> King Yudhishthira was greatly pleased by Krishna's words.

「黑天懂得我。」他說。「真理比權勢、財富重要得多。應該不惜任何代價保衛的不是國土而是真理。真理需要我們戰鬥時，我們立刻為它戰鬥。苾濕尼族的英雄們現在可以回去了。請你們相信，時機成熟，我們一定能會見的。」堅戰王說了這些話，把他們都送走了。

> "The Dark Lord understands me," he said. "Truth is far more important than power or wealth. What we must defend at all costs is not our territory, but the truth itself. When truth calls us to fight, we must fight immediately. The heroes of the Vrishni clan may now return. Please trust that when the time is right, we will surely meet again." King Yudhishthira spoke these words and sent them all on their way.

這時阿周那還遠在喜馬拉雅山。怖軍的急躁不耐已到了不能忍受的地步。他對堅戰王說：

> By this time, Arjuna was still far away in the Himalayas. Bhima's impatience had become unbearable. He said to King Yudhishthira:

「你知道我們的生命繫在阿周那身上。他離開我們很久了，音訊全無。如果我們喪失了他，那末，般遮羅國王，善戰，甚至黑天都不能拯救我們了。喪失了他，我也决不能活下去。我們的憂患、苦難、乃至敵方的不斷增強，都是由於你那次愚蠢的賭博。居住森林不是剎帝利的本份。我們應該立刻把阿周那召喚回來，讓黑天幫助我們，向持國王的兒子宣戰。只有殺死了邪惡的沙恭尼、迦爾納和難敵後，我心頭才能舒坦。這件明顯的職責盡過以後，你愛回到森林修行度日，也就隨你高興了。用計策去殺害一個慣用計策的敵人並不是罪惡。我聽說阿闥婆吠陀裏面有一種能壓縮時間的咒語。如果我們能用這種方法把十三年縮短成十三天，我們向他們宣戰就是正當的了，你就可以允許我在第十四天殺死難敵了。」

> "You know our lives are tied to Arjuna. He has been away from us for so long, without any news. If we lose him, then King Panchala, the skilled warrior, or even Krishna himself cannot save us. Without him, I absolutely cannot go on living. Our worries, our hardships, even the growing strength of our enemies—all stem from that foolish gambling match of yours. Living in the forest is not the duty of a Kshatriya. We should summon Arjuna back immediately, let Krishna help us, and declare war on Dhritarashtra's sons. Only after killing the wicked Shakuni, Karna, and Duryodhana will my heart find peace. Once this clear duty is fulfilled, you may return to the forest to practice asceticism, if that is your wish. Using strategy to kill a scheming enemy is no sin. I have heard that the Atharva Veda contains a mantra that can compress time. If we can use this method to shorten thirteen years to thirteen days, then declaring war on them would be justified, and you can allow me to kill Duryodhana on the fourteenth day."

堅戰王聽了怖軍這番話，慈愛地擁抱他，想讓他的急躁心情平和下來，對他說：「親愛的兄弟，等到十三年過去，你和掌握神弓的英雄阿周那就會在戰鬥中把難敵殺死。你要忍耐到那時候。放心吧，罪惡滿盈的難敵和他那一幫人是逃避不了的。」

> King Yudhishthira listened to Bhima's words, then embraced him warmly, hoping to calm his restless spirit. He said, "Dear brother, when the thirteen years are over, you and Arjuna, master of the divine bow, will slay Duryodhana in battle. Be patient until then. Rest assured, Duryodhana, whose crimes are beyond measure, and his followers will not escape."

滿懷憂傷的兩兄弟正在那兒爭論，巨馬大仙忽然到他們修道的地方來了。他們依禮接待他。過了一會兒堅戰王對大仙說：

> Two sorrowful brothers were arguing there when the great immortal sage, Giant Horse, suddenly arrived at their place of spiritual practice. They received him with due respect. After a moment, King Yudhishthira said to the sage:

「可敬的大仙啊！我們的狡猾的敵人引誘我們去擲了這一場骰子，騙去了我們的王國和財富，把我的英勇的兄弟們和黑公主以及我自己趕到這森林中度日。阿周那在很久以前離開我們去尋求天神的武器，到現在還沒有回來。我們萬分想念他。他會帶着神授的兵器回來嗎？什麼時候回來呢？顯然世上决沒有第二人像我這樣憂患重重了。」

> "Venerable sage! Our cunning enemies lured us into that fateful game of dice, cheating us out of our kingdom and wealth, and banishing my brave brothers, Draupadi, and myself to live in this forest. Arjuna left us long ago to seek divine weapons from the gods, and he has yet to return. We miss him dearly. Will he come back bearing those celestial arms? When will he return? Surely there is no one else in this world weighed down by as many sorrows as I am."

大仙回答說：「別老是這樣傷心吧。阿周那會帶着神授的武器回來的。你們會在適當的時候把你們的敵人戰敗的。你說世上沒有人像你這樣不幸，那是不確實的。任何人受到災難的考驗，總愛說自己受到的不幸是異乎尋常的，因為耳聞目睹的事總不如親身經歷感受深切。你聽到過尼奢陀國的那羅王的故事嗎？他在森林中居住時所受的苦楚比你厲害得多。他在一次擲骰子賭博時受了兄弟青蓮的欺騙，失去了財富和王國，被放逐到森林裏去。他沒有兄弟也沒有婆羅門陪伴他，比你還要不幸。黑暗時代的化身惡魔迦里使他喪失了理智和辨別是非的能力，以致他糊裏糊塗遺棄了伴隨他的妻子，孤身一人在森林中遊蕩，幾乎成了瘋子。現在，拿你的情况跟他比一比吧。你有英勇的兄弟和貞淑的妻子陪伴着你，患難之中還有一些知識淵博的婆羅門支持你。你神智清醒，意志堅定。自己憐憫自己是很自然的，可是你實在還不能算是極端不幸。」

> The great sage replied: "Do not grieve so constantly. Arjuna will return with the divine weapons, and in due time you will defeat your enemies. Your claim that no one in the world is as miserable as you is not true. When people are tested by hardship, they tend to think their own suffering is extraordinary, because what we experience directly always feels more intense than what we merely hear or see. Have you heard the story of King Nala of the Nishadha kingdom? The suffering he endured while living in the forest far surpassed yours. In a game of dice, he was deceived by his brother Pushkara, lost his wealth and kingdom, and was banished to the forest. He had neither brothers nor brahmins to accompany him—he was far more unfortunate than you. The demon Kali, embodiment of the dark age, robbed him of his reason and discernment, so much so that he foolishly abandoned his devoted wife and wandered alone in the wilderness, nearly insane. Now compare your situation to his. You have brave brothers and a virtuous wife by your side, and in your troubles, you are supported by learned brahmins. Your mind is clear, and your resolve is firm. Self-pity is natural, but you truly cannot be considered extremely unfortunate."

這位大仙接着就講述那羅王的一生。大仙結束這個故事後，說了下面這些話：

> The great sage then recounted the life of King Nara. After concluding this tale, the sage spoke these words:

「般度族啊，那羅王遭受的不幸比你們的厲害得多，可是他一一勝利度過了，最後還是過着幸福的生活。你們理智清明，又有最親近的人生活在一起，足以減輕痛苦。你們的時間有很多是花費在對於正法的崇高的思慮以及和精通吠陀和吠檀多經典的婆羅門談論之中。要堅毅地忍受一切災難和困苦，因為這是人類一般的命運，並不是你們的特殊的遭遇。」

> "O Pandavas, King Nala faced far greater misfortunes than yours, yet he overcame them one by one and ultimately lived a happy life. You possess clear minds and are surrounded by your closest loved ones, which is enough to ease your suffering. Much of your time is spent in noble contemplation of righteousness and in discussions with Brahmins well-versed in the Vedas and Vedanta scriptures. Bear all calamities and hardships with fortitude, for this is the common fate of humanity, not a trial unique to you."

這就是巨馬大仙安慰堅戰王的話。

> This is what the Great Immortal Jumma said to console King Jianshan.