---
title: "摩訶婆羅多的故事 · 46.放逐期滿了"
description: "摩诃婆罗多的故事由拉贾戈帕拉查理改写，唐季雍翻译，金克木校订。这部作品源于古印度史诗摩诃婆罗多，成书于公元前数世纪，背景为列国纷争的印度社会，核心叙述俱卢族与般度族为争夺王位爆发的战争，穿插大量哲学与神话。主要内容围绕正法、责任与解脱展开，以黑天教导阿周那的薄伽梵歌为核心，强调行动瑜伽与精神觉悟。在佛教中，它虽属印度教经典，但共享轮回、业报等概念，常被比较引用，作为理解古印度思想的重要参照，影响深远。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmgviwqis001hju04s4dh844k"
---

### 46.放逐期滿了

> Exile Complete

阿周那的車子在路上隆隆過去，就像大地也隨着震動似的。俱盧族將士一聽到甘狄撥神弓的弦聲都嚇得膽戰心寒。德羅納焦急地說道：「將士們，小心！排列好！阿周那來了。」

> Arjuna's chariot rumbled along the road, and it seemed as if the very earth trembled with the vibration. When the soldiers of the Kaurava army heard the twang of the Gandiva bowstring, their hearts quailed in fear. Drona said anxiously, "Soldiers, be careful! Form your ranks! Arjuna is coming."

難敵看到德羅納如此看重阿周那，很不滿意。他對迦爾納說：「般度族許下諾言，要在森林中住十二年，第十三年躲藏起來不讓發現。如今十三年期限未滿，而阿周那出現了。我們還怕什麼？般度族就要回到森林中去再住十二年的。德羅納是有學問的人，膽子小，讓我們把他留在後方，上前作戰吧。」

> Duryodhana was displeased to see Drona holding Arjuna in such high regard. He said to Karna, "The Pandavas vowed to live in the forest for twelve years, and in the thirteenth year to remain hidden from discovery. Now that the thirteen years are not yet complete, and Arjuna has appeared, what is there for us to fear? The Pandavas will have to return to the forest and live there for another twelve years. Drona is a learned man, but faint-hearted. Let us leave him behind and go forward to battle."

迦爾納同意難敵的意見，說道：「我們的將士無意作戰，害怕得渾身發抖。他們說，那手持弓箭，傲然站立在車上，往我們這邊急急趕來的人是阿周那。好吧，即使他是持斧羅摩，我們也用不着害怕。我願意獨自去阻擋這衝上前來的戰士，實踐我的諾言，跟他作戰。就算是其他的人都不上前，又有何妨。讓他們把摩差國的牲口趕回去。我來單獨跟阿周那作戰，掩護他們。」說完，迦爾納就像往常一樣，吹起他的號角。

> Karna agreed with Duryodhana's view and said, "Our warriors have no will to fight; they tremble all over with fear. They say that the one who stands proudly on his chariot, bow in hand, rushing toward us, is Arjuna. Well, even if he were the axe-wielding Parashurama himself, there is no need for us to be afraid. I am willing to go alone to block this advancing warrior, to fulfill my promise and do battle with him. What does it matter if no one else steps forward? Let them drive back the cattle of the Matsya kingdom. I will fight Arjuna single-handedly and cover their retreat." With these words, Karna blew his conch as he always did.

慈憫大師聽到迦爾納的這些話，便說：「這純粹是胡鬧。我們應該聯合起來去攻阿周那。也只有這樣我們才能成功。別誇口你不要別人幫助能單獨對付他。」

> Compassionate Master, upon hearing Karna's words, said: "This is pure nonsense. We should join forces to attack Arjuna. Only then can we succeed. Do not boast that you can handle him alone without anyone's help."

迦爾納聽了大怒，說道：「這位大師一向喜歡歌頌阿周那，誇大他的武功。我不知道他這樣是出於害怕呢，還是出於偏愛般度族。誰要害怕，誰就不必出戰，讓他看着那些食人之祿忠人之事的人去拼命好了。我只是一個普通軍人，我愛朋友，恨敵人，願意留在這兒作戰。那些精通吠陀經典而鍾愛敵人和誇獎敵人的人又何必留在這兒？」迦爾納說這些話時面現鄙夷之色。

> Karna heard this and flew into a rage, saying: "This master has always loved singing the praises of Arjuna, exaggerating his martial feats. I do not know whether he does this out of fear or out of partiality for the Pandavas. Whoever is afraid need not fight—let him watch while those who eat their masters' bread and serve them loyally risk their lives. I am just an ordinary soldier. I love my friends and hate my enemies, and I am willing to stay here and fight. As for those who are versed in the Vedas yet cherish and praise their foes, why should they remain here?" As Karna spoke these words, his face showed a look of contempt.

慈憫大師的外甥，德羅納的兒子馬勇，聽到他嘲笑這些可敬的大師，忍不住嚴厲地對迦爾納說：「我們還沒有把牲口趕回象城去，我們還得打仗。你自吹自擂只是虛榮心在作怪，沒有什麼用處。我們不是剎帝利，是屬於背誦吠陀經典的婆羅門種姓。我在任何經典裏也找不到有一條說國王擲骰子騙取國土是高尚的事。那些作戰勝利征服別國的人也還沒有過分高呼大叫，自誇自讚。我不知道你有什麼值得驕傲的。火靜悄悄不作聲，可是煮熟了食物。太陽發光，可是並不照耀自己。大地負擔一切生物和無生物，也一聲不響。一個擲骰子非法掠奪別人國土的人怎能要求讚揚？騙取般度族國土不比設圈套捕捉無防備的小鳥更光榮些。難敵啊，迦爾納啊，你們這兩位英雄是在什麼戰役裏把般度族打敗了的？你們把黑公主拖到大庭廣眾之前，難道你們還以此驕傲嗎？你們毀壞俱盧家族就像那沒有頭腦的傻子為了愛好檀木的香氣把巨大的檀木樹砍倒一樣。你們會明白，跟阿周那打仗不像擲骰子。那是大不相同的。骰子擲出來的是二或四，甘狄撥神弓發射出來的却是利箭。妄自尊大的傻瓜啊，你們認為沙恭尼能在戰場上鬼鬼祟祟憑欺詐幫你們打勝仗嗎？」

> Compassionate Master's nephew, Drona's son Ashvatthama, hearing these insults directed at the venerable masters, could no longer hold back and spoke sternly to Karna: "We have not yet driven the cattle back to Hastinapura, and we still have battles to fight. Your boastful talk is nothing but vanity and serves no purpose. We are not Kshatriyas; we belong to the Brahmin caste that recites the Vedas. Nowhere in the scriptures can I find that it is honorable for a king to cheat his way to another's kingdom through dice. Even those who conquer nations in battle do not shout loudly in self-praise. I fail to see what you have to be proud of. Fire burns silently, yet it cooks food. The sun shines, yet it does not shine upon itself. The earth supports all living and non-living things without a sound. How can one who unlawfully seizes another's land through a game of dice expect praise? Swindling the Pandavas' kingdom is no more glorious than setting traps to catch unsuspecting birds. Duryodhana, Karna—you two heroes—in which battle have you ever defeated the Pandavas? Do you take pride in dragging Draupadi before the assembly? You are destroying the Kuru clan like a foolish man who, drawn by the scent of sandalwood, cuts down the great tree itself. You will come to realize that fighting Arjuna is not like rolling dice. It is vastly different. When dice are thrown, they come up two or four, but the Gandiva bow unleashes sharp arrows. You arrogant fools—do you truly believe Shakuni can win your battles for you in the field with his sly tricks and deceit?"

俱盧大軍的領袖們失去了耐心，發了脾氣，互相破口大罵。老人家毗濕摩看到這種情形，很是傷心，對他們說道：

> The leaders of the Kuru army lost their patience, flew into rage, and hurled abuse at one another. The elder Bhishma, seeing this, was deeply grieved and said to them:

「聰明人是决不辱罵老師的。人在投入戰鬥以前先得小心估計時間、地點和環境。即使是聰明人，對待自己的事務也常常要失去正確的判斷力。發起怒來，人就糊塗了。平日有見識的難敵也不認識那抵擋我們大軍的戰士是阿周那了。馬勇啊，別計較迦爾納的無禮言語吧。你應該把這些話當作是激將，想激得老師們行動起來。現在不是培養仇恨播種不和的時候。德羅納、慈憫和馬勇應該忘記這事，原諒他們。俱盧族就是走遍全世界也不能找到比德羅納大師和他那文武全材的兒子馬勇更高明的人物了。他們既有經典的學識，又有戰士的氣概。我們知道只有持斧羅摩才能跟德羅納相比。只有我們全體聯合起來才能戰勝阿周那。讓我們擔當起目前的任務吧。如果我們內部不和，怎末能去打阿周那呢？」

> A wise person never insults their teacher. Before entering battle, one must carefully consider the time, place, and circumstances. Even the wise often lose their judgment when dealing with their own affairs. When anger flares, a person becomes confused. Even the discerning Duryodhana failed to recognize that the warrior opposing our army was Arjuna. Ashvatthama, do not take Karna's rude words to heart. You should treat them as goading—a nudge meant to spur the teachers into action. This is no time to nurture grudges or sow discord. Drona, Kripa, and Ashvatthama should let this go and forgive them. Even searching the whole world, the Kuru clan could not find anyone more accomplished than Master Drona and his son Ashvatthama, who excels in both letters and arms. They combine scriptural knowledge with the spirit of warriors. We know only Parashurama can match Drona. Only by uniting as one can we overcome Arjuna. Let us rise to the task before us. If we are divided within, how can we possibly face Arjuna in battle?

老族長的高尚言論使他們的憤怒的情緒平靜下去了。

> The noble words of the elder calmed their anger.

毗濕摩又對難敵說：「國王啊！阿周那來了。十三年的放逐期昨天已經滿了。懂得星辰運行的人會告訴你，你的計算是錯誤的。我知道當阿周那吹螺的時候，期限已經滿了。請你在决定作戰以前再想一想。如果你想跟般度族和好，現在正是時候。你究竟想要公正的光榮的和平呢，還是毀滅雙方的戰爭？仔細考慮考慮，再作决定。」

> Bhishma then spoke to Duryodhana, saying: "O King, Arjuna is here. The thirteen years of exile have come to an end as of yesterday. Those who understand the movement of the stars will tell you that your calculations were wrong. I know when Arjuna blew his conch that the term had been fulfilled. Before you decide to go to war, think again. If you wish to reconcile with the Pandavas, now is the time. Do you want a fair and honorable peace, or a war that will ruin both sides? Consider carefully, and then make your choice."

難敵回答道：「可尊敬的老人，我不願意和平。我連一個村莊也不給般度族。我們準備戰爭吧。」

> Duryodhana replied, "Respected elder, I do not wish for peace. I would not give even a single village to the Pandavas. Let us prepare for war."

這時德羅納說：「讓難敵抽出四分之一兵力保衛自己回象城去。再抽四分之一兵力包圍牲口，奪取牲口。如果我們不帶牛回去，我們就是自認失敗。我們五人率領其餘的兵跟阿周那作戰去。」

> Then Drona said, "Let Duryodhana take a quarter of the army to protect himself and return to Hastinapura. Take another quarter to surround the cattle and seize them. If we return without the cows, we admit defeat. The five of us will lead the remaining troops and go fight Arjuna."

俱盧族大軍照這樣佈了陣勢。

阿周那對太子說道：「優多羅啊，我沒有看見難敵和難敵的車子。我看見毗濕摩穿着甲冑站在那裏。大概難敵趕着牲口回象城去了。我們去趕上他奪回那些牲口吧。」阿周那說着就避過了俱盧族軍隊，追趕難敵和牲口。臨行時他彎弓搭箭射向他的老師和老族長毗濕摩脚前，用這樣英雄的方式恭敬地向他們行禮後，便離開他們去追趕難敵了。

阿周那到了集合牲口的地方，擊潰了侵略軍，然後囑咐牧人把牲口趕回牛欄。牧人十分高興地照辦了。阿周那繼續追趕難敵。

看到這情形，毗濕摩和別的俱盧族將領就衝上前去搭救，把阿周那團團圍住，對他發射利箭。阿周那打了一個極漂亮的仗。他先對付迦爾納，把迦爾納趕出了戰場。然後回身進攻德羅納，把德羅納打敗。馬勇看到德羅納精疲力盡，便加入作戰，攻擊阿周那。這就給了阿周那一個機會，讓德羅納退出戰場。然後馬勇和阿周那之間展開了一場激烈的戰鬥。當馬勇疲乏時，慈憫上來接應，跟阿周那交戰。可是慈憫也敗了。於是全軍潰退。雖然毗濕摩、德羅納和別的將領集合部下重整旗鼓，繼續戰鬥，可是將士們已無力作戰了。在毗濕摩和阿周那之間作了一次輝煌的戰鬥後，他們終於離開了戰場。據說毗濕摩和阿周那這次交戰，連天神都趕來觀看。

阻擋阿周那追趕難敵的企圖就這樣破產了。阿周那很快就追上了難敵，狠狠地攻打難敵。難敵招架不住，逃出了戰場；可是逃得不遠，聽到阿周那笑他膽怯，便又像巨蛇一樣轉回身來繼續作戰。毗濕摩和其他的人圍上前來保護他。阿周那戰鬥着，最後，用了一件法寶，使得他們全都倒在戰場上，失去知覺。在這種情形下，阿周那搶去了他們的衣服。古時候，搶走敵人衣服表示已得到决定的勝利。

難敵醒來，毗濕摩便叫他回去。全軍打了這一個可耻的敗仗，折回象城。

阿周那說道：「優多羅啊！趕馬回去吧。牲口已經收回了。敵人已經逃走了。王子啊，回到國內，準備香膏塗身，披掛花朵吧。」

歸途上，阿周那把武器像先前一樣收拾好，掛在樹上，又把自己重新打扮成巨葦。他先派遣使者進城去報告，說優多羅太子已經大獲全勝了。