---
title: "太虛大師全書．第一編　佛法總學 · 第二節　未成正覺前之釋尊"
description: "太虛大師全書第一編佛法總學由近代佛教改革領袖釋太虛著於民國時期，成書於二十世紀上半葉。該編為大師佛學思想總綱，系統闡述佛法根本原理，涵蓋教理、修行與世出世法圓融之義。內容包括對佛教經典的統攝解說、人生佛教之理論基礎，以及對傳統佛學的現代詮釋。本書在近現代佛教史上具有里程碑地位，為人間佛教思想奠定理論基石，是研究中國佛教現代轉型與太虛大師思想的重要典籍。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmpjj847p000bt1s1v7heuaqn"
---

### 第二節　未成正覺前之釋尊

> Section 2: The Buddha Before Enlightenment

「釋迦」譯能，乃貴族中之一族，「牟尼」譯寂，以形容其恬靜。釋迦牟尼，謂釋迦族中之恬寂者。佛陀及世尊等，則世人對之之尊稱也。實姓喬答摩（瞿曇），名悉達多（譯義成）。生於中印度恆河支流、羅泊提河岸之劫比羅伐睹城主家，父名輸頭陀那，娶同族拘利城主阿㝹釋迦之二女、摩耶與缽羅闍缽底為室，而悉達多則生於摩耶，鞠養於缽羅闍缽底者也。既長娶表妹耶輸陀羅，生子曰羅怙羅。然少年放觀田野，見農家之勞瘁，深覺貴族生活建築於民眾痛苦上者不宜。由耕土出蟲鳥即啄食，更察知全生物界皆以害他利自求生存，尤覺心痛難忍，遂冥索解除生活慘殘之道。他日又因睹老者病者死者之狀，感殺他活自以生者，苟延殘喘，不免終趨滅亡，遂不復能暫安其世俗生活。乃於十九歲棄其家屬國財，游訪者五年，繼以苦行六年。時其父遣戚族憍陳如等五人為侍，其後受乳糜之供，五人疑其退志，捨而他去，遂獨至菩提伽耶畢缽羅樹下，跏趺端坐而誓成正覺。

> "Shakya" means "clan of aristocrats," and "Muni" means "silent one," describing tranquility. Shakyamuni thus means "the tranquil one of the Shakya clan." \*\*Buddha\*\* and "World-Honored One" are titles of reverence given to him by people. His personal name was Gautama and his given name was Siddhartha (meaning "one who has accomplished his aim"). He was born into the family of the king of Kapilavastu, a city on the banks of the Rohini River, a tributary of the Ganges in central India. His father was King Shuddhodana, who married two sisters from the Shakya clan of Koli—Maya and Prajapati—and Siddhartha was born to Maya and raised by Prajapati. When he grew up, he married his cousin Yasodhara, and they had a son named Rahula. However, as a young man, while observing the fields, he saw the toil and suffering of farmers and deeply felt that the aristocratic lifestyle was built upon the pain of the common people. He saw birds pecking at insects turned up by the plow, and realized that the entire living world survives by harming others for its own benefit, which caused him profound distress. He began to silently search for a way to end the cruelty of existence. Another day, upon seeing the sick, the old, and the dead, he felt that any life that harms others to preserve itself is merely a brief, dying breath, inevitably ending in decay. He could no longer remain at peace with worldly life. At the age of 19, he abandoned his family, his kingdom, and his wealth. He traveled and studied for five years, followed by six years of ascetic practice. At first, his father sent five relatives, including Kaundinya, to attend him. Later, after he accepted a bowl of milk-rice porridge, the five doubted his resolve and left him. He then went alone to the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, sat cross-legged under it, and vowed to attain supreme enlightenment.