--- title: "太虛大師全書．第二編　五乘共學 · 丙　有情一期業報可說起源" description: "太虚大师著《太虛大師全書·第二編 五乘共學》成书于民国时期，是近代佛教革新运动的重要文献。作者太虚为民国高僧，倡导人间佛教。本编以五乘（人、天、声闻、缘觉、菩萨）佛法为框架，系统阐述佛教基本教义，强调人乘正法为出世之基，融通世间与出世间法。该书为现代佛教教育及人间佛教实践提供核心理论依据，在近代佛教复兴中具有承前启后的重要地位，是研究中国佛教现代化转型的必读经典。" url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmpjj90nw00e6t1then7hzdu3" --- ### 丙　有情一期業報可說起源 > Chapter 3: The Origin of Sentient Beings' Lifelong Karmic Retribution 就一個有情的一期業報，可說生命的起源。佛法說有四有，即本有、死有、中有、生有。由中有入胎，得到生有，構成一期業報的開始。有的經說，最初入胎的心識，成為有生的生命起源，也是就一期業報上講。這最初受生的心識，就是業識；這業識，以唯識學來講，就是阿賴耶識，這就是一期生命的起源。例如十二緣起中無明行識的識，就是一期生命的起源；唯識學就是專指阿賴耶識中的種子，也即最初去受胎的識。有情受一期業報，得一條生命，生命的起源，可以說就是業識。 > For a sentient being's single life cycle of karmic retribution, we can speak of the origin of life. Buddhism teaches the Four States of Existence: the Existing State, the Dying State, the Intermediate State, and the Birth State. Entering the womb through the Intermediate State leads to the Birth State, marking the beginning of one cycle of karmic retribution. Some sutras say that the initial consciousness entering the womb becomes the origin of living life, also referring to a single life cycle. This initial consciousness that receives life is the karmic consciousness; in the context of Consciousness-Only Buddhism, it is the Alaya Consciousness, which constitutes the origin of one life. For example, in the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination, the consciousness of ignorance, volitional formations, and consciousness is precisely the origin of one life. In Consciousness-Only Buddhism, it specifically refers to the seeds within the Alaya Consciousness—namely, the consciousness that first enters the womb for rebirth. For a sentient being undergoing a life cycle of karmic retribution and acquiring one life, the origin of life can be said to be this karmic consciousness. 附帶還有個問題，就是前面提到的四有，當生有的開始，後來名本有；生命斷了名死有；都在一條生命上。其死與生的中間所夾的中有，還是另一條生命呢？還是附屬於前後生命？這裏很有問題。有的說中有是屬於後有的，若是屬於後一期業報，與前所說一期業報的開始是業識不合；假使中有屬於後有，受生業識之前，豈不是沒有中有？那末，後一期的生命，應開始於死了以後的中有。但常途說十二緣起，都說無明與行是屬過去，識是現生投胎的最初，一期生命的開始若是中有，則與此不相合；而且也不是整個的中有入胎；要說中有完全附屬於後一條生命，很講不通。若把它附屬於前一條生命，則前一條生命既死便已斷了，猶帶有中有這個尾巴，也講不通。這樣看來，中有只可以說它是兩個業報過渡期間的另一期的生命。這樣來確定的講，一期生命起源於最初投胎的識，於事於教都很相合。中有只可說它是另外一個生命，是為後一期生命作預備的另一期生命。 > Here is the translation of the provided text, following the specified guidelines: There is another question regarding the Four States (四有) mentioned earlier. When the state of birth (生有) begins, it is later called the state of existing (本有); when life ends, it is called the state of death (死有); all of these occur within a single life. Is the intermediate state (中有) situated between death and the next birth a separate life, or is it attached to the life before and after? There is a significant question here. Some say the intermediate state belongs to the subsequent life. But if it belongs to the karma and retribution (業報) of the next life, this contradicts the earlier teaching that the beginning of a life’s retribution is the karmic consciousness (業識). If the intermediate state belongs to the next life, then wouldn't there be no intermediate state before the karmic consciousness takes rebirth? In that case, the next life should begin with the intermediate state after death. However, the standard teaching on the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination (十二緣起) states that ignorance (無明) and karmic formations (行) belong to the past, while consciousness (識) is the first to enter the womb in the present life. If a life begins with the intermediate state, this would be inconsistent. Moreover, it is not the entire intermediate state that enters the womb. To say that the intermediate state belongs entirely to the next life is very unconvincing. If we attach it to the previous life, then once the previous life ends and is cut off, it would still have this “tail” of the intermediate state, which is also illogical. From this perspective, the intermediate state can only be described as a separate life that exists during the transition between two karmic retributions. To define it this way—that a life originates from the initial karmic consciousness entering the womb—aligns well with both the facts and the teachings. The intermediate state can only be considered another existence, a life that prepares for the next. （心月記）見海刊二十四卷十一期 > (Citta Moon Record) See Ocean Publication, Vol. 24, No. 11