---
title: "太虛大師全書．第五編　法性空慧學 · 一　法之義"
description: "太虛大師全書第五編法性空慧學收錄近代佛教改革領袖釋太虛對中觀般若學的系統闡釋。本書成於民國時期，正值中國佛教面臨轉型，太虛大師融貫漢傳與藏傳中觀思想，以法性空慧為核心，深入解說龍樹中論的緣起性空義理，辨析空有關係，破斥頑空與實執。全編強調智慧解脫與人間佛教的實踐，為民國復興般若學的重要文獻，在佛教學術與修行體系中具有承先啟後的權威地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmpjjbj9b02pct1zetusst50p"
---

### 一　法之義

> 1\. The Meaning of Dharma

法、為佛典中之含義最廣最普遍，一切事事物物皆名之為法。在中國字中含義最廣曰物，此法字含義比物字尤廣；以物是就宇宙所有的而言，若法則非有的亦名為法。如物質的曰「色法」，精神的曰「心心所法」，色心中所現起之分位曰「不相應行法」等。此為有為生滅變化法，總名「有為法」；離去生滅變化的名「無為法」。凡存在的既皆名之為法，即不存在的若兔角等亦名「無法」，故不但「有」的名之為法，而「無」的亦名之為法也。故法有二種：一有法，二無法。而無法亦分為五：一、已滅無，如六月間說三月間的桃花，此桃花為已滅去之無法。二、未生無，如六月間說九月間的菊花，此菊花為未生起之無法。三、彼此無，如謂牛中無馬，馬中無牛等。四、畢竟無，如石女之兒，及龜毛、兔角等。五、遍計無，謂妄計為有，其實彼所執有者，乃如病目空花。表之如次：

> The term "Dharma" has the broadest and most universal meaning in Buddhist texts—everything without exception is called a dharma. In Chinese, the word "thing" has the broadest meaning, but "dharma" is even broader than "thing." This is because "thing" refers only to what exists in the universe, while "dharma" also includes what does not exist. For example, material things are called "form-dharmas," mental phenomena are called "mind and mental factors," and the positions and states arising from form and mind are called "dharmas not associated with mind." These are all conditioned dharmas of arising, ceasing, and change, collectively called "conditioned dharmas." That which is free from arising, ceasing, and change is called "unconditioned dharmas." Since everything that exists is called a dharma, even things that do not exist—such as a rabbit's horns—are called "non-existent dharmas." So not only are "existing" things called dharmas, but "non-existing" things are also called dharmas. Thus there are two kinds of dharmas: first, existing dharmas; second, non-existing dharmas. Non-existing dharmas are further divided into five categories: 1. The non-existence of what has ceased—for example, speaking in June of peach blossoms from March; those blossoms are a non-existent dharma that has already ceased. 2. The non-existence of what has not yet arisen—for example, speaking in June of chrysanthemums from September; those chrysanthemums are a non-existent dharma that has not yet arisen. 3. Mutual non-existence—for example, saying there is no horse among cows, or no cow among horses. 4. Utter non-existence—for example, the child of a barren woman, or turtle hairs and rabbit horns. 5. Non-existence of false projection—claiming something exists based on deluded imagining, when what is actually clung to is like flowers in the sky seen by a diseased eye. Presented as follows:

　　　　　　　　　　　┌色　等──物質的
　　　　　　┌─有法─┤心法等──精神的
　　　　　　│　　　　└不相應行──精神物質所關係的
　　　　法─┤　　　　┌已滅無
　　　　　　│　　　　│未生無
　　　　　　└─無法─┤彼此無
　　　　　　　　　　　│畢竟無
　　　　　　　　　　　└遍計無