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  1. Buddha Speaks Vimalakīrti Sutra (佛說維摩詰經)
  2. Volume Two (卷下)
  3. Contemplating Human Affairs (7 觀人物品)
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Buddha Speaks Vimalakīrti Sutra (佛說維摩詰經)


維摩詰經卷下

Vimalakirti Sutra, Volume 2

吳月氏優婆塞支謙譯

Translated by the Upasaka Zhi Qian of the Yuezhi people during the Wu Dynasty.

觀人物品第七

Chapter 7: Observing People and Their Qualities

於是文殊師利問維摩詰言:「菩薩何以觀察人物?」

Then Manjushri asked Vimalakirti, "How should a bodhisattva observe and understand people?"

答曰:「譬如幻者見幻事相,菩薩觀人物為若此。譬如達士見水中月,菩薩觀人物為若此。譬如明鏡見其面像,菩薩觀人物為若此。取要言之,如熱時之焰,如呼聲之響,如空中之霧,如地水火風空,如諸情同等,如無像之像,如真人斷三垢,如溝港見自身,如如來諸所有,如所見諸色像,如得盡定無身不身,如空中之鳥無跡,如蟲蚤之根自然,如夢所見已寤,如未生塵,如真人現;菩薩觀人物為若此也。」

He replied: "Just as a magician sees the illusions he creates, so does the bodhisattva perceive all beings and phenomena. Like a wise person observing the moon's reflection in water, so does the bodhisattva perceive all beings and phenomena. As a clear mirror reveals one's face, so does the bodhisattva perceive all beings and phenomena.

To put it simply: like a mirage in the heat, like an echo in a valley, like mist in the sky, like the elements of earth, water, fire, wind, and space, like all sensations being equal, like a formless form, like a true person free from the three defilements, like a stream-enterer seeing their own nature, like all that belongs to the Tathagata, like the colors and shapes one perceives, like one in the cessation attainment beyond body and non-body, like a bird in the sky leaving no trace, like the natural state of insects and fleas, like a dream upon waking, like dust that has not yet arisen, like the manifestation of a true person—so does the bodhisattva perceive all beings and phenomena."

文殊師利曰:「如是觀者,何以行慈?」

Mañjuśrī said: "For one who observes in this way, how does one practice loving-kindness?"

答曰:「如是觀人,人物為幻,知法亦然,而為說法。以慈修止,止而慈者,為無所起。行不嬈慈,以無瑕穢;行等之慈,等于三塗;行無諍慈,無所止處;行不二慈,內外無習;行不怒慈,為都成就;行牢強慈,強若金剛,莫能沮壞;行清白慈,內性已淨;行平等慈,平若虛空;行如來慈,如本隨覺;行佛之慈,覺諸凡人;行自然慈,以自覺正;行道之慈,同其所味;行無比慈,能却眾惡;行大悲慈,導以大乘;行不視慈,其視如空;行布施慈,無所遺忘;行戒以慈,與惡戒眼;行忍以慈,彼我皆護;行精進慈,荷負眾人;行一心慈,思所當念;行智慧慈,而以知時;行善權慈,一切現聞;行不諂慈,意淨無求;行不飾慈,心無所著;行不我慈,無復惡意;行安慰慈,至于得佛,為立大安。菩薩之慈為若此也。」

He replied, "One who observes in this way sees all beings as illusory, and knows the Dharma to be the same, yet still teaches them. Cultivating stillness with compassion, one whose stillness is compassionate does not give rise to anything. Practicing non-harming compassion, free from flaws; practicing equal compassion, equal to the three lower realms; practicing non-conflict compassion, with no fixed abode; practicing non-dual compassion, with no habits inside or out; practicing non-anger compassion, achieving complete fulfillment; practicing steadfast compassion, strong as diamond, unbreakable; practicing pure compassion, with inner nature already cleansed; practicing impartial compassion, even as empty space; practicing Tathāgata compassion, following awakening as it originally is; practicing Buddha compassion, awakening all ordinary beings; practicing natural compassion, with self-awakened correctness; practicing path compassion, sharing its flavor; practicing peerless compassion, able to repel all evils; practicing great compassion, guiding with the Great Vehicle; practicing non-attached compassion, seeing as empty; practicing giving compassion, leaving nothing forgotten; practicing precept compassion, giving eyes to those with evil precepts; practicing patience compassion, protecting both self and others; practicing diligence compassion, carrying all beings; practicing concentration compassion, mindful of what should be remembered; practicing wisdom compassion, knowing the right time; practicing skillful means compassion, making all things manifest; practicing non-deceit compassion, with pure intent and no seeking; practicing unadorned compassion, with mind unattached; practicing non-self compassion, without any ill will; practicing comforting compassion, leading to Buddhahood, establishing great peace. Such is the compassion of a Bodhisattva."

文殊師利又問:「何謂為悲?」

Mañjuśrī further asked, "What is compassion?"

曰:「所造德本,修辯為人。」

He said, "Through the virtuous roots one has cultivated, one develops the eloquence to teach others."

「何謂為喜?」

"What is joy?"

曰:「所以施眾而無悔。」

He replied, "This is why one gives to all without regret."

「何謂為護?」

"What is protection?"

曰:「兼利之。」

The Buddha said: "Bring benefit to both yourself and others."

又問:「生死為畏,菩薩何以御之?」
曰:「生死畏者,菩薩以聖大之意,為之作御。」
又問:「欲建聖大,當何所立?」

又问:“若要建立伟大圣业,应当立足何处?”

曰:「建聖大者,必等一切而度眾生。」

He said: "Those who establish great sacred vows must regard all beings equally and deliver them all from suffering."

又問:「欲度眾生,當何除解?」
曰:「度眾生者,解其勞塵。」
又問:「既解勞塵,當復何應?」
曰:「已解勞塵,當應自然。」
又問:「何所施行,而應自然?」
曰:「不起不滅,是應自然。」
又問:「何等不起?何等不滅?」
曰:「不善不起,善者不滅。」
又問:「善、不善孰為本?」
曰:「善、不善身為本。」
又問:「身孰為本?」
曰:「欲貪為本。」
又問:「欲貪孰為本?」
曰:「不誠之雜為本。」
又問:「不誠之雜孰為本?」
曰:「不住為本。如是,仁者!不住之本無所為本,從不住本立一切法。」
於是,有天在其室止,聞上人言,現其天身,即以天華散諸菩薩、大弟子上。華至諸菩薩即如應若持,至大弟子,即著不墮,一切弟子神足舉華,便不墮落。天問舍利弗:「何故舉華?」
曰:「不如應,是以舉之。」
天曰:「不然!此華如應!何為賢者謂之不應?又如此華無應不應,賢者自為應不應耳。觀諸大人華不著身者,以一切棄應不應也。譬如丈夫畏時,非人得其便;弟子畏生死故,色聲香味細滑得其便;已離畏者,一切五樂無能為也,止處未斷,華著身耳,止處斷者,華不著也。」
舍利弗言:「天止此室,其已久如?」
曰:「至於此久,如耆年解脫。」
又問:「止此久耶?」
曰:「耆年解脫,亦何如久?」舍利弗默而不答。
天曰:「如何耆舊大智而默?」
曰:「真解者無所言取,故吾於是不知所云。」
天曰:「若耆年案文言之,則一切如文解相。何則?解脫者,不內不外,不從兩間得,而文字亦無內外兩間之得。是故,賢者!無以文字說解脫也。所以者何?一切諸法皆從等解。」
曰:「不復以不欲婬怒癡而解乎?」
天曰:「甚慢者,不用是說解,如不樂慢,婬怒癡者乃以是解。」
舍利弗言:「善哉,善哉!天女!奚得以何為證,辯乃如是?」
曰:「不我得,不為證,故辯如是。若有得有證則於自然法律為甚慢矣!」
舍利弗問天:「汝於三乘,為何志求?」
天曰:「弟子行者,乘弟子法;緣一覺行,眼見道意;求大乘者,自行大悲。如入栴檀林者,唯嗅栴檀,不嗅他香。如是,賢者!在佛德香之室者,不樂弟子、緣一覺香。若天龍神、釋梵四天王得入此室,聞斯正士講說法者,皆樂佛美德香,終不起欲樂香也。昔者菩薩發意出家,十有二年吾止此室,不聞弟子、緣一覺之雜言,但聞殊異菩薩雜語,大慈大悲不可思議佛法積要。又,舍利弗!此室有八未曾有自然之法,以現正化。何謂八?此室晝夜照以智慧覩佛金光,不以日月所照為樂,是為一未曾有;此室入者,在中而止,一切無復婬怒癡垢,是為二未曾有;此室恒有釋梵四天王、異剎菩薩來會不休,是為三未曾有;此室常聞講說道,化六度無極不退之輪,法語不廢,是為四未曾有;此室天人恒歌正樂,絃出無量法化之聲,是為五未曾有;此室其中有四大藏眾寶積滿,周窮濟乏求得無盡,是為六未曾有;此室釋迦文、阿閦佛、寶首、樂忻、寶月、寶淨、無量、固受、師子響、慧作斯,彼諸如來等,是正士念時說時,彼佛即為來,來說佛行無不悅懌,是為七未曾有;此室清淨,常見諸天名好宮室,及一切佛嚴淨之土,是為八未曾有自然之法。如是,賢者!此常見正,誰已見此,當復捨學弟子法乎?」
舍利弗問天:「汝何以不轉女人身?」
天曰:「滿十二歲,始以女人形求而得之,夫女人相猶幻事也。故女人為幻觀世如類,而云何以轉女人身?」
舍利弗言:「觀諸有身皆無所成。」
「如是,賢者!一切諸法亦無所成,奚為復問何轉女身?」於是,其天即以神足,立舍利弗令如天像,天自化身如舍利弗。既現化,而問曰:「云何賢者轉為此女像?」
舍利弗以天女像而答曰:「不識吾何以轉成此女像也。」
天曰:「賢者!若能轉此女像,則眾女人身可轉,若其不女于女身亦不見者,則眾女人雖女身,為非女非見也。又如佛言:『一切諸法非女非男。』」即時,舍利弗身復如故。
天曰:「賢者!何緣作此女相?」
曰:「吾不作,非不作。」
天曰:「如是,賢者!諸法亦非作非不作。夫不作非不作者,佛所說也。」
舍利弗問天:「汝沒此,當於何生?」
天曰:「佛化所生,吾如彼生。」
曰:「如佛化生,非沒生也。」
天曰:「眾生猶然,亦不見其沒生者也。」
曰:「天久如能成無上正真道最正覺乎?」
曰:「久猶凡民之普得法,乃吾成最正覺。」
曰:「云何凡民之普得法者,無乃非處乎?」
天曰:「其為無上最正覺者非有處也。所以者何?佛無所立,故曰無所於最正覺者。」
舍利弗言:「今諸佛最正覺,及其已正覺與當正覺者,如江河沙,皆謂何乎?」
曰:「此以文數為讀者耳,非謂道有去來今也。夫三塗等,且如賢者得道云何?」
曰:「所得者,為不惑耳。」
天曰:「如是,賢者!吾成佛者,亦以為彼未正覺故。」
爾時,維摩詰謂賢者舍利弗言:「是天已奉事九十二億佛,神通之智已解了,所願普具,法忍已得,已不退轉,願行如言所欲能現。」

6 不思議品
8 如來種品

CBETA Code: T0474

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