---
title: "妙法蓮華經 · 23 藥王菩薩本事品"
description: "妙法莲华经是大乘佛教重要经典，由鸠摩罗什于姚秦弘始八年（406年）译成汉文。该经共二十八品，以“开权显实”“会三归一”为核心思想，主张一切众生皆可成佛，强调佛陀教法的统一性与究竟性。经中通过大量譬喻故事，如“火宅喻”“化城喻”等，阐述一佛乘理念，被誉为“经中之王”。在汉传佛教中具有崇高地位，是天台宗根本经典，对中国佛教思想发展影响深远。现存版本以鸠摩罗什译本流传最广，文辞优美，义理深邃。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cm9xd3vfb00e4fs0wkylfsy49"
---

### 妙法蓮華經藥王菩薩本事品第二十三

> Chapter 23: The Former Deeds of King Medicine Bodhisattva

爾時宿王華菩薩白佛言：「世尊！藥王菩薩云何遊於娑婆世界？世尊！是藥王菩薩有若干百千萬億那由他難行苦行？善哉，世尊！願少解說。」諸天、龍、神、夜叉、乾闥婆、阿修羅、迦樓羅、緊那羅、摩睺羅伽、人非人等，又他國土諸來菩薩，及此聲聞眾，聞皆歡喜。

> At that time, the Bodhisattva Star King Flower said to the Buddha, "World-Honored One, how does the Bodhisattva Medicine King wander through the Saha World? World-Honored One, has this Bodhisattva Medicine King undertaken countless hundreds, thousands, ten-thousands, millions of billions of difficult and ascetic practices? Excellent, World-Honored One, please explain a little." All the gods, dragons, spirits, yakshas, gandharvas, asuras, garudas, kinnaras, mahoragas, humans, and non-humans, as well as the bodhisattvas who had come from other lands, and the assembly of voice-hearers, all rejoiced upon hearing this.

爾時佛告宿王華菩薩：「乃往過去無量恒河沙劫，有佛號日月淨明德如來、應供、正遍知、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊。其佛有八十億大菩薩摩訶薩，七十二恒河沙大聲聞眾，佛壽四萬二千劫，菩薩壽命亦等。彼國無有女人、地獄、餓鬼、畜生、阿修羅等，及以諸難；地平如掌，琉璃所成，寶樹莊嚴，寶帳覆上，垂寶華幡，寶瓶香爐周遍國界，七寶為臺，一樹一臺，其樹去臺盡一箭道。此諸寶樹，皆有菩薩、聲聞而坐其下。諸寶臺上，各有百億諸天作天伎樂，歌歎於佛，以為供養。爾時彼佛為一切眾生憙見菩薩，及眾菩薩、諸聲聞眾，說法華經。

> At that time, the Buddha spoke to Bodhisattva Star King Flower: "In the past, countless kalpas ago, as numerous as the sands of the Ganges River, there was a Buddha named Sun-Moon Pure Bright Virtue Thus Come One, Worthy of Offerings, Rightly and Universally Enlightened, Perfect in Clarity and Conduct, Well-Gone, Understander of the World, Supreme Being, Tamer of Beings, Teacher of Gods and Humans, Buddha, World-Honored One. That Buddha had eighty billion great Bodhisattvas and seventy-two Ganges-sands-equivalent of great Hearers. The Buddha's lifespan was forty-two thousand kalpas, and the Bodhisattvas' lifespans were the same. In that land, there were no women, no hells, no hungry ghosts, no animals, no asuras, and no various calamities. The ground was as flat as a palm, made of lapis lazuli, adorned with precious trees, covered with jeweled canopies, hung with jeweled flowers and banners. Jeweled vases and incense burners filled the entire land. Seven treasures formed the platforms, with one platform under each tree, and the trees were one arrow's flight away from the platforms. Beneath these precious trees sat Bodhisattvas and Hearers. On each jeweled platform, billions of gods performed celestial music, singing praises of the Buddha as an offering. At that time, that Buddha taught the Lotus Sutra to Bodhisattva Joyful for All Beings, along with the assembly of Bodhisattvas and Hearers."

「是一切眾生憙見菩薩，樂習苦行，於日月淨明德佛法中，精進經行，一心求佛，滿萬二千歲已，得現一切色身三昧。得此三昧已，心大歡喜，即作念言：『我得現一切色身三昧，皆是得聞法華經力，我今當供養日月淨明德佛及法華經。』即時入是三昧，於虛空中，雨曼陀羅華、摩訶曼陀羅華、細末堅黑栴檀，滿虛空中，如雲而下，又雨海此岸栴檀之香——此香六銖，價直娑婆世界——以供養佛。作是供養已，從三昧起，而自念言：『我雖以神力供養於佛，不如以身供養。』即服諸香——栴檀、薰陸、兜樓婆、畢力迦、沈水、膠香，又飲瞻蔔諸華香油，滿千二百歲已，香油塗身，於日月淨明德佛前，以天寶衣而自纏身，灌諸香油，以神通力願而自然身，光明遍照八十億恒河沙世界。其中諸佛同時讚言：『善哉，善哉！善男子！是真精進，是名真法供養如來。若以華、香、瓔珞、燒香、末香、塗香、天繒、幡蓋及海此岸栴檀之香，如是等種種諸物供養，所不能及；假使國城、妻子布施，亦所不及。善男子！是名第一之施，於諸施中最尊最上，以法供養諸如來故。』作是語已而各默然。其身火燃千二百歲，過是已後，其身乃盡。

> This is the Bodhisattva Gladly Seen by All Living Beings. He delighted in practicing austerities. Within the teachings of the Buddha Pure Light of Sun and Moon, he diligently pressed forward in his practice, single-mindedly seeking Buddhahood. After twelve thousand years, he attained the samadhi of manifesting all physical forms. Upon attaining this samadhi, his heart was filled with great joy, and he thought: "My attainment of the samadhi of manifesting all physical forms is entirely due to the power of hearing the Lotus Sutra. Now I should make offerings to the Buddha Pure Light of Sun and Moon and to the Lotus Sutra." Immediately he entered this samadhi and, from within empty space, rained down mandarava flowers, great mandarava flowers, and fine powder of solid black sandalwood, filling the sky like clouds descending. He also rained down the fragrance of sea-edge sandalwood—six baits of this incense being worth the entire Saha world—as an offering to the Buddha. Having made this offering, he arose from samadhi and thought to himself: "Though I have offered to the Buddha with my spiritual powers, this is not as good as offering my own body." He then consumed various fragrances—sandalwood, frankincense, turmeric, black pepper, agarwood, and resin incense—and drank the oil of champaka flowers and other blossoms. After twelve hundred years, he anointed his body with fragrant oil, and before the Buddha Pure Light of Sun and Moon, wrapped himself in heavenly garments, poured fragrant oil over himself, and through the power of his vow and spiritual abilities, set his body ablaze. The light from his burning body illuminated worlds as numerous as the sands of eighty billion Ganges rivers. All the Buddhas in those worlds simultaneously praised him: "Excellent, excellent! Good man! This is true diligence, this is called true Dharma-offering to the Thus Come One. Offerings of flowers, incense, garlands, burning incense, powdered incense, rubbed incense, heavenly silks, banners, canopies, and sea-edge sandalwood—none of these can compare. Even giving away cities, kingdoms, wives, and children cannot match this. Good man! This is called the foremost giving, the most supreme and noble among all offerings, because it is offering the Dharma to all Thus Come Ones." Having spoken these words, they each fell silent. His body burned for twelve hundred years, and only after that time did it finally cease.

「一切眾生憙見菩薩作如是法供養已，命終之後，復生日月淨明德佛國中，於淨德王家結加趺坐，忽然化生。即為其父而說偈言：

> The Bodhisattva All-Beings Delight, having made this offering of the Dharma, passed away and was reborn in the land of the Buddha Sun-Moon-Pure-Bright-Virtue. There, in the palace of King Pure-Virtue, he sat cross-legged, appearing spontaneously through miraculous transformation. Then he spoke these verses to his father:

「『大王今當知， 我經行彼處，即時得一切， 現諸身三昧。懃行大精進， 捨所愛之身，供養於世尊， 為求無上慧。』

> "Great king, you should know this now, As I walked there in meditation, I instantly attained all, The samadhi that reveals all bodies. With diligent practice and great effort, I gave up the body I held dear, To make an offering to the World-Honored One, Seeking the supreme wisdom."

「說是偈已，而白父言：『日月淨明德佛，今故現在。我先供養佛已，得解一切眾生語言陀羅尼，復聞是法華經八百千萬億那由他甄迦羅、頻婆羅、阿閦婆等偈。大王！我今當還供養此佛。』白已，即坐七寶之臺，上昇虛空，高七多羅樹，往到佛所，頭面禮足，合十指爪，以偈讚佛：

> After speaking these verses, the boy addressed his father, saying: "The Buddha, Sun-Moon Pure Bright Virtue, is still present in the world today. Having already made offerings to the Buddha, I attained the dharani that understands the languages of all beings, and further heard this Lotus Sutra, consisting of eight hundred thousand, ten thousand, kotis, nayutas, and countless verses numbering in the billions—including those of the kalpa-like measures of Gankara, Bimbara, and Asokara. Great King! I now wish to return and make offerings to this Buddha." Having said this, he ascended his seat of seven treasures, rising into the sky to a height of seven tala trees, and traveled to where the Buddha was. There, he bowed with his head and face at the Buddha's feet, joined his ten fingers in reverence, and praised the Buddha with verses:

「『容顏甚奇妙， 光明照十方，我適曾供養， 今復還親覲。』

> "Her appearance is wonderfully sublime, Her radiance illumines all ten directions. I once made offerings to her, And now I return again to behold her presence."

「爾時，一切眾生憙見菩薩說是偈已，而白佛言：『世尊！世尊猶故在世。』爾時日月淨明德佛，告一切眾生憙見菩薩：『善男子！我涅槃時到、滅盡時至，汝可安施床座，我於今夜當般涅槃。』又勅一切眾生憙見菩薩：『善男子！我以佛法囑累於汝及諸菩薩大弟子，并阿耨多羅三藐三菩提法，亦以三千大千七寶世界諸寶樹、寶臺及給侍諸天，悉付於汝。我滅度後，所有舍利亦付囑汝，當令流布，廣設供養，應起若干千塔。』如是日月淨明德佛勅一切眾生憙見菩薩已，於夜後分入於涅槃。

> At that time, after the Bodhisattva Gladly Seen by All Living Beings had spoken these verses, he addressed the Buddha, saying: "World-Honored One! The World-Honored One is still here in the world." Then the Buddha Sun-Moon-Pure-Bright-Virtue said to the Bodhisattva Gladly Seen by All Living Beings, "Good man! The time of my Nirvana has come, the moment of my final passing is at hand. You may arrange a couch for me, for tonight I shall enter Parinirvana." He further instructed the Bodhisattva Gladly Seen by All Living Beings, "Good man! I entrust the Dharma to you, along with all the Bodhisattvas and great disciples, and the Dharma of Supreme Perfect Enlightenment. I also entrust to you the world of seven treasures in the three thousand great thousand realms—its jeweled trees, jeweled towers, and the attendant heavenly beings. After my passing, I also entrust all the relics to you. You shall cause them to be widely venerated, and you shall erect many thousands of stupas in their honor." Having thus instructed the Bodhisattva Gladly Seen by All Living Beings, the Buddha Sun-Moon-Pure-Bright-Virtue entered Nirvana in the last part of the night.

「爾時，一切眾生憙見菩薩見佛滅度，悲感、懊惱，戀慕於佛，即以海此岸栴檀為𧂐，供養佛身，而以燒之。火滅已後，收取舍利，作八萬四千寶瓶，以起八萬四千塔，高三世界，表剎莊嚴，垂諸幡蓋，懸眾寶鈴。

「爾時一切眾生憙見菩薩復自念言：『我雖作是供養，心猶未足，我今當更供養舍利。』便語諸菩薩大弟子及天、龍、夜叉等一切大眾：『汝等當一心念，我今供養日月淨明德佛舍利。』作是語已，即於八萬四千塔前，燃百福莊嚴臂七萬二千歲而以供養，令無數求聲聞眾、無量阿僧祇人，發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心，皆使得住現一切色身三昧。

「爾時，諸菩薩、天、人、阿修羅等，見其無臂，憂惱悲哀而作是言：『此一切眾生憙見菩薩，是我等師，教化我者，而今燒臂，身不具足。』于時一切眾生憙見菩薩，於大眾中立此誓言：『我捨兩臂，必當得佛金色之身，若實不虛，令我兩臂還復如故。』作是誓已，自然還復，由斯菩薩福德智慧淳厚所致。當爾之時，三千大千世界六種震動，天雨寶華，一切人、天得未曾有。」

佛告宿王華菩薩：「於汝意云何？一切眾生憙見菩薩，豈異人乎？今藥王菩薩是也。其所捨身布施，如是無量百千萬億那由他數。

「宿王華！若有發心欲得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，能燃手指，乃至足一指，供養佛塔，勝以國城、妻子，及三千大千國土山林河池、諸珍寶物而供養者，若復有人，以七寶滿三千大千世界，供養於佛，及大菩薩、辟支佛、阿羅漢，是人所得功德，不如受持此法華經，乃至一四句偈，其福最多。

「宿王華！譬如一切川流江河，諸水之中海為第一；此法華經亦復如是，於諸如來所說經中，最為深大。又如土山、黑山、小鐵圍山、大鐵圍山及十寶山，眾山之中，須彌山為第一；此法華經亦復如是，於諸經中最為其上。又如眾星之中，月天子最為第一；此法華經亦復如是，於千萬億種諸經法中最為照明。又如日天子能除諸闇；此經亦復如是，能破一切不善之闇。又如諸小王中，轉輪聖王最為第一；此經亦復如是，於眾經中最為其尊。又如帝釋於三十三天中王，此經亦復如是，諸經中王。又如大梵天王，一切眾生之父；此經亦復如是，一切賢聖，學、無學，及發菩薩心者之父。又如一切凡夫人中，須陀洹、斯陀含、阿那含、阿羅漢、辟支佛為第一；此經亦復如是，一切如來所說、若菩薩所說、若聲聞所說，諸經法中，最為第一。有能受持是經典者，亦復如是，於一切眾生中亦為第一。一切聲聞、辟支佛中，菩薩為第一；此經亦復如是，於一切諸經法中最為第一。如佛為諸法王；此經亦復如是，諸經中王。

「宿王華！此經能救一切眾生者，此經能令一切眾生離諸苦惱，此經能大饒益一切眾生，充滿其願。如清涼池！能滿一切諸渴乏者，如寒者得火，如裸者得衣，如商人得主，如子得母，如渡得船，如病得醫，如暗得燈，如貧得寶，如民得王，如賈客得海，如炬除暗；此法華經亦復如是，能令眾生離一切苦、一切病痛，能解一切生死之縛。若人得聞此法華經，若自書、若使人書，所得功德，以佛智慧籌量多少，不得其邊。若書是經卷，華、香、瓔珞、燒香、末香、塗香，幡蓋、衣服，種種之燈——酥燈、油燈、諸香油燈、瞻蔔油燈、須曼那油燈、波羅羅油燈、婆利師迦油燈、那婆摩利油燈——供養，所得功德，亦復無量。

「宿王華！若有人聞是藥王菩薩本事品者，亦得無量無邊功德。若有女人聞是藥王菩薩本事品，能受持者，盡是女身，後不復受。若如來滅後後五百歲中，若有女人聞是經典，如說修行。於此命終，即往安樂世界，阿彌陀佛、大菩薩眾，圍繞住處，生蓮華中，寶座之上，不復為貪欲所惱，亦復不為瞋恚愚癡所惱，亦復不為憍慢嫉妬諸垢所惱，得菩薩神通、無生法忍。得是忍已，眼根清淨，以是清淨眼根，見七百萬二千億那由他恒河沙等諸佛如來。是時諸佛遙共讚言：『善哉，善哉！善男子！汝能於釋迦牟尼佛法中，受持讀誦思惟是經，為他人說，所得福德無量無邊，火不能燒，水不能漂，汝之功德，千佛共說不能令盡。汝今已能破諸魔賊，壞生死軍，諸餘怨敵皆悉摧滅。善男子！百千諸佛，以神通力共守護汝，於一切世間天、人之中無如汝者，唯除如來，其諸聲聞、辟支佛、乃至菩薩，智慧禪定無有與汝等者。』宿王華！此菩薩成就如是功德智慧之力。若有人聞是藥王菩薩本事品，能隨喜讚善者，是人現世口中常出青蓮華香，身毛孔中常出牛頭栴檀之香，所得功德，如上所說。是故，宿王華！以此藥王菩薩本事品囑累於汝。我滅度後後五百歲中，廣宣流布於閻浮提，無令斷絕，惡魔、魔民、諸天、龍、夜叉、鳩槃茶等，得其便也。

「宿王華！汝當以神通之力守護是經。所以者何？此經則為閻浮提人，病之良藥。若人有病，得聞是經，病即消滅，不老不死。宿王華！汝若見有受持是經者，應以青蓮花盛滿末香，供散其上。散已，作是念言：『此人不久必當取草坐於道場，破諸魔軍，當吹法螺、擊大法鼓，度脫一切眾生老病死海。』是故求佛道者、見有受持是經典人，應當如是生恭敬心。」

說是藥王菩薩本事品時，八萬四千菩薩得解一切眾生語言陀羅尼。多寶如來於寶塔中讚宿王華菩薩言：「善哉，善哉！宿王華！汝成就不可思議功德，乃能問釋迦牟尼佛如此之事，利益無量一切眾生。」

## 妙法蓮華經卷第六