---
title: "指月錄 · 十四祖龍樹尊者"
description: "指月录是明代瞿汝稷编纂的一部重要佛教典籍，成书于万历年间。该书以禅宗公案为核心，收录了从佛祖释迦牟尼到宋代高僧的六百余则禅门语录和典故，系统梳理了禅宗传承脉络。瞿汝稷作为晚明著名居士，以指月为喻，强调文字只是指向真理的工具而非真理本身，体现了禅宗不立文字、直指人心的宗旨。这部著作不仅保存了大量珍贵禅宗史料，更以其精要的选编和独到的评点，成为研究中国禅宗思想发展的重要文献，在佛教史上具有承前启后的地位，至今仍是禅学研究者必读经典。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cma8x2ejh009sl404301rlh3m"
---

### ▲十四祖龍樹尊者

> Fourteenth Patriarch, Venerable Nagarjuna

亦名龍勝。少則能誦四韋陀。長而善知眾藝。才辯神明。出家入石窟。棲止龍樹。為龍眾所歸。遇摩羅尊者付法。後至南印度。彼國之人多信福業。祖為說法。𮞏相謂曰。人有福業。世間第一。徒言佛性。誰能覩之。祖曰。汝欲見佛性。先須除我慢。彼人曰。佛性大小。祖曰。非大非小。非廣非狹。無福無報。不死不生。彼聞理勝。悉回初心。祖復於座上。現自在身。如滿月輪。一切眾惟聞法音。不覩祖相。彼眾中有長者子。名迦那提婆。謂眾曰。識此相否。眾曰。目所未覩。安能辨識。提婆曰。此是尊者現佛性體相。以示我等。何以知之。葢以無相三昧。形如滿月。佛性之義。廓然虗明。言訖輪相即隱。復居本座而說偈言。身現圓月相。以表諸佛體。說法無其形。用辨非聲色。彼眾聞偈。頓悟無生。咸願出家。以求解脫。祖即為剃髮。命諸聖授具　南印度有五千外道。興大幻術。王與國人靡然從之。不知向佛。尊者感慨。易其威儀。白衣持幡。每俟王出。則趨其前。或隱或顯。如是者七載。王一日忽異之問曰。汝何者而前吾行。追之不得。縱之不去。者曰。吾是智人。知一切法。王曰。汝知諸天今何所為。祖曰。天今與修羅方戰。王曰。何以明之。者曰。頃則徵矣。俄有戈戟手足。自空紛然而下。王遂大敬信。命諸外道。皆歸禮尊者。者悉化之。令歸三寶。復造大智度論中論十二門論。垂之於世。後付法於迦那提婆。付法偈云。為明隱顯法。方說解脫理。於法心不證。無嗔亦無喜。付法已。入月輪三昧。廣現神變。復座凝然入寂。及七日天雨舍利。尊者復於座。指空語眾曰。昔拘那含佛弟子摩訶迦尊者。有三願。一為佛時。凡有聖士化度。則天澍雨。及其身皆為舍利。二大地所生。皆堪為藥。療眾生病。三凡有智者。皆得所知微妙。以通宿命。今雨舍利。摩訶迦神力也。言已復寂。迦那提婆與眾建塔。閟其全身。秦始皇三十五年己丑也。

> Also known as Nāgārjuna (Dragon Tree). As a child, he could already recite the four Vedas. Growing up, he mastered all arts and crafts, with brilliant eloquence and wisdom. He entered a mountain cave to practice, dwelling beneath a dragon tree, where dragons gathered around him. He met the venerable Marāla, who transmitted the Dharma to him. Later, he went to South India, where the people strongly believed in the power of merit and good deeds. The Patriarch taught them, and they said to each other, "With merit and good deeds, one is foremost in the world. But talk of Buddha-nature—who can actually see it?" The Patriarch replied, "If you wish to see Buddha-nature, you must first remove your arrogance." They asked, "Is Buddha-nature large or small?" He said, "It is neither large nor small, neither broad nor narrow. It has no merit and no reward, no death and no birth." Hearing that this teaching was superior, they all turned back to their original minds. The Patriarch then, from his seat, manifested his transcendent body, like a full moon disc. All the assembly heard only the sound of the Dharma, but could not see the Patriarch's form. Among them was an elder's son named Kāṇadeva, who said to the crowd, "Do you recognize this appearance?" They said, "Our eyes have never seen such a thing—how could we recognize it?" Kāṇadeva said, "This is the Venerable One manifesting the essence of Buddha-nature to show us. How do I know? Because the signless samādhi takes the form of a full moon; the meaning of Buddha-nature is vast, empty, and luminous." As he finished speaking, the moon-like form disappeared, and the Patriarch returned to his seat, speaking a verse: "The body appears as a full moon, To represent the essence of all Buddhas. The Dharma is spoken without form, To show that it is beyond sound and form." Hearing this verse, the assembly was suddenly enlightened to birthlessness, and all wished to renounce the world to seek liberation. The Patriarch then shaved their heads and instructed the holy ones to confer full ordination upon them. In South India, there were five thousand heretics who practiced great illusions. The king and his people followed them en masse, unaware of the Buddha. The Venerable One sighed with compassion, changed his appearance and attire, dressed in white robes and holding a banner. Whenever the king went out, he would walk before him, sometimes visible, sometimes hidden. He did this for seven years. One day, the king was surprised and asked, "Who are you who walks before me? When I chase you, I cannot catch you; when I let you go, you do not leave." The Venerable One said, "I am a wise man who knows all things." The king asked, "Do you know what the gods are doing now?" The Patriarch said, "The gods are now fighting with the asuras." The king asked, "How can you prove this?" The Patriarch said, "Soon the evidence will appear." Shortly after, weapons, spears, hands, and feet fell from the sky in abundance. The king was deeply impressed and devoted, and ordered all the heretics to pay homage to the Venerable One. The Venerable One converted them all, leading them to take refuge in the Three Treasures. He then composed the Great Treatise on the Perfection of Wisdom, the Middle Treatise, and the Treatise on the Twelve Gates, transmitting them to the world. Later, he passed the Dharma to Kāṇadeva. The transmission verse says: "To clarify the Dharma of appearing and disappearing, I now explain the principle of liberation. With no attachment to the Dharma in mind, There is neither anger nor joy." After transmitting the Dharma, he entered the moon-disc samādhi, displaying vast miraculous transformations. Then, returning to his seat, he sat in stillness and passed away. After seven days, relics rained down from the sky. The Venerable One, from his seat, pointed to the sky and said to the assembly, "In the past, Mahākāśyapa, a disciple of Buddha Krakucchanda, made three vows: First, when he became a Buddha, whenever holy beings transformed and delivered sentient beings, the heavens would rain down relics over their bodies. Second, everything born from the great earth would be suitable as medicine to cure all beings' illnesses. Third, all who are wise would attain subtle knowledge and understand past lives. Now the rain of relics is the divine power of Mahākāśyapa." After saying this, he became still again. Kāṇadeva and the assembly built a stupa to enshrine his whole body. This was in the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shi Huang's reign (210 BCE).

圭峯云。豪貴家生。通四韋陀。天地圖讖。因與三友作妖術敗。出家誦盡閻浮經論。自謂為一切智人。大龍愍之。接入龍宮。悟已還出。化國王婆羅門外道無數。造論數十部。

> Guifeng said: "Born into a wealthy and noble family, well-versed in the four Vedas and skilled in celestial charts and prophetic texts. Because he and three friends practiced sorcery and failed, he left home and recited all the scriptures and treatises of Jambudvipa, considering himself an all-knowing sage. The great dragon, taking pity on him, brought him into the dragon palace. After attaining realization, he returned and converted countless kings, Brahmins, and heretics, composing dozens of treatises."