---
title: "南嶽單傳記 · 第三十五祖江西道一禪師"
description: "南嶽單傳記（弘儲表）是清代佛教文献，由弘储禅师编撰。该书主要记录南嶽衡山一脉的禅宗单传法系，详细梳理了历代祖师的传承脉络与重要事迹。清代佛教注重法脉正统性，该作品反映了当时禅宗对传承历史的重视。内容涵盖祖师语录、公案及修行要旨，具有较高的史料价值。作为南嶽禅系的重要文献，它对研究中国禅宗发展史、法脉传承及清代佛教思想具有独特意义，是了解禅宗单传体系的关键典籍之一。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cma8y63iz1bf8l404q2get37g"
---

### 第三十五祖江西道一禪師

> Thirty-Fifth Patriarch, Master Daoyi of Jiangxi

漢州什邡縣人。姓馬氏。故世稱馬祖。或云馬大師。容貌奇異。牛行虎視。引舌過鼻。足下有二輪文。幼於本邑羅漢寺出家。受具於渝州圓律師。開元中。習定於衡嶽。讓和尚知是法器。就問曰。大德坐禪圖甚麼。師曰圖作佛。讓取一磚。於師菴前石上磨。師曰。磨作甚麼。讓曰。磨作鏡。師曰。磨磚豈得成鏡耶。讓曰。磨磚既不成鏡。坐禪豈得作佛。師曰。如何即是。讓曰。如牛駕車。車若不行。打車即是。打牛即是。師無對。讓又曰。汝學坐禪。為學坐佛。若學坐禪。禪非坐臥。若學坐佛。佛非定相。於無住法。不應取捨。汝若坐佛。即是殺佛。若執坐相。非達其理。師聞示誨。如飲醍醐。禮拜問曰。如何用心。即合無相三昧。讓曰。汝學心地法門。如下種子。我說法要。譬彼天澤。汝緣合故。當見其道。又問。道非色相。云何能見。讓曰。心地法眼。能見乎道。無相三昧亦復然矣。師曰。有成壞否。讓曰。若以成壞聚散而見道者。非見道也。聽吾偈曰。心地含諸種。遇澤悉皆萌。三昧花無相。何壞復何成。師蒙開悟。心意超然。侍奉九秋。日益玄奧。始居建陽佛迹嶺。遷於臨川。次至南康龔公山○僧問。離四句絕百非。請師直指西來意。師曰。我今日勞倦。不能為汝說問。取智藏去。僧問西堂。堂云何不問和尚。僧云。和尚教來問。堂云。我今日頭痛。不能為汝說。問取海兄去。僧又問百丈。丈曰。我到這裏。却不會。僧却回舉似師。師曰。藏頭白海頭黑。

> A native of Shifang County, Hanzhou, whose family name was Ma, so people of that time called him Patriarch Ma, or sometimes Grand Master Ma. His appearance was extraordinary: he walked like an ox and stared like a tiger, his tongue could reach past his nose, and there were two wheel patterns on the soles of his feet. As a child, he left home to become a monk at Luohan Temple in his hometown. He received the full precepts from Master Yuan in Yuzhou. During the Kaiyuan era, he practiced concentration (samadhi) on Mount Heng. The venerable Huairang recognized him as a vessel for the Dharma and approached him, asking, "Great Virtue, what are you aiming for by sitting in meditation?" The Master replied, "I am aiming to become a Buddha." Huairang picked up a brick and began grinding it on a stone in front of the Master's hut. The Master asked, "What are you doing?" Huairang said, "I am grinding it to make a mirror." The Master said, "How can grinding a brick make a mirror?" Huairang replied, "If grinding a brick cannot make a mirror, how can sitting in meditation make you a Buddha?" The Master asked, "Then what is the right way?" Huairang said, "It's like driving an ox-cart. If the cart doesn't move, should you hit the cart, or should you hit the ox?" The Master had no answer. Huairang continued, "Are you studying 'sitting meditation' or 'sitting Buddha'? If you are studying sitting meditation, know that meditation is not about sitting or lying down. If you are studying sitting Buddha, know that the Buddha has no fixed form. In the Dharma of no-abiding, you should neither cling nor reject. If you try to sit like a Buddha, you are killing the Buddha. If you cling to the sitting posture, you have not understood the principle." Hearing this teaching, the Master felt as if he had drunk the finest nectar. He bowed and asked, "How should I use my mind to be in harmony with the formless samadhi?" Huairang replied, "When you study the Dharma of the mind-ground, it is like planting a seed. My teaching of the essential Dharma is like the moisture from heaven. When your conditions become ripe, you will see the Way." The Master asked, "The Way has no form or color. How can it be seen?" Huairang said, "The Dharma-eye of the mind-ground can see the Way. The formless samadhi is the same." The Master asked, "Does it have formation and decay?" Huairang said, "If you see the Way in terms of formation, decay, gathering, or scattering, that is not seeing the Way. Listen to my verse: The mind-ground contains all seeds. When moisture comes, they all sprout. The flower of samadhi is formless. What decay? What formation?" The Master was awakened. His mind became free and transcendent. He attended on Huairang for nine years, each day deepening in the profound mystery. He first lived at Foyiji Ridge in Jianyang, then moved to Linchuan, and later to Mount Gonggong in Nankang. --- > A monk asked, "Setting aside the four negations and the hundred rejections, please, Master, point directly to the meaning of Bodhidharma's coming from the West?" > The Master said, "I'm tired today and cannot explain it for you. Go and ask Zang." > The monk went to ask Xitang (the master's disciple, named Zhizang). Xitang said, "Why didn't you ask the old master?" > The monk said, "The old master told me to come and ask you." > Xitang said, "I have a headache today. I cannot explain it for you. Go and ask Brother Hai." > The monk then went to ask Baizhang (named Huaihai). Baizhang said, "When it comes to this point, even I don't understand it." > The monk returned and reported this to the Master. The Master said, "Zang's head is white. Hai's head is black."

表曰。雲褁楚山頭。決定多風雨。堯封潛曰。紫羅袋重盛官誥。