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  1. The Long Discourses: The Sutra on the Ten Methods of Repaying (長阿含十報法經)
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The Long Discourses: The Sutra on the Ten Methods of Repaying (長阿含十報法經)

About 長阿含十報法經

Later Han · Source text translated by 安世高

10,143 · about 34 min

The Sūtra of the Ten Dharmas of Retribution from the Long Āgama is a Buddhist scripture translated during the Eastern Han dynasty by the renowned translator An Shigao, belonging to one of the early Chinese-translated Buddhist classics. An Shigao, a prince of the Parthian Empire who later renounced worldly life to become a monk, arrived in China during the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han dynasty. He is among the earliest translators of Buddhist scriptures in the history of Chinese Buddhism. This scripture originates from the Long Āgama and primarily expounds the ten methods of practice taught by the Buddha, involving the threefold training of precepts, meditation, and wisdom. It emphasizes the law of cause and effect and the sequential stages of cultivation. The content includes core teachings such as the ten wholesome paths of action and the four meditative absorptions and eight concentrations, serving as an important text within the early Buddhist system of practice. This scripture holds a significant position in Chinese Buddhism and is a precious resource for studying the thought of early Buddhism and early Chinese-translated Buddhist classics, having exerted a profound influence on the development of Chinese Buddhism.


長阿含十報法經卷上

Longer Agama Sutra: Ten Rewards Dharma, Volume 1

後漢安息國三藏安世高譯

Translation by An Shigao, Tripitaka Master from Parthia, Later Han Dynasty

聞如是:

This is what I heard:

佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。是時,賢者舍利曰:「請諸比丘聽說法,上亦好、中亦好、竟亦好,有慧、有巧、最具淨除至竟說行,聽從一增至十法,聽向意著意,聽說如言。」諸比丘從賢者舍利曰:「請願欲聞。」舍利曰:「便說從一增起至十法,皆聚成無為。從苦得要出,一切惱滅。

Thus have I heard at one time. The Buddha was in the country of Shravasti, at the Jeta Grove, in Anathapindada's monastery. At that time, the venerable Shariputra said: "I invite all the monks to listen to the Dharma. The beginning is good, the middle is good, and the end is good. It is full of wisdom, skill, and purity, completely cleansing and leading to the ultimate practice. Listen as I teach step by step, from one to ten principles. Pay close attention, focus your minds, and hear these teachings as I speak them."

The monks said to the venerable Shariputra: "We are ready to listen, and we wish to hear."

Shariputra said: "Then I will teach from the single principle up to the ten. All these converge on the unconditioned. From suffering, you find the way to escape. All distress will be ended."

「第一一法,行者竟無為但守行。

"The sole principle: the practitioner simply abides in non-doing, maintaining their practice.

「第二一法,可思惟意不離身。

The twenty-first method: keep the mind continuously aware of the body.

「第三一法,可識世間麁細。

The thirty-first teaching: Recognize what is coarse and what is subtle in the world.

「第四一法,可棄憍慢。

"The fourth teaching is to abandon arrogance and pride.

「第五一法,可著意本觀。

The Fifth Dharma: Contemplate the essential nature of the mind.

「第六一法,多作本觀。

"The sixth dharma is to practice contemplation frequently."

「第七一法,難受不中止定。

"Dharmas 71: Concentration on suffering that does not persist."

「第八一法,可成令意止。

Eighth Dharma: May it help establish mindfulness.

「第九一法,當知一切人在食。

The ninth dharma: know that all beings depend on food.

「第十一法,當證令意莫疑。

The eleventh Dharma is to verify and cleanse the mind of all doubt.

「是行者十法,是不非、是不異,有諦如,有不惑不倒,是如有持慧意觀。

These ten practices are true, not false, not different from reality. They exist as truth, just as they are. They are free from confusion and error, and are understood as they truly are through mindful wisdom.

「第一兩法,行者竟無為當有意亦當念。

"The first of the two principles: A practitioner should not cling to non-action, nor should they cling to intention or thought."

「第二兩法,可增行止亦觀。

Two principles: cultivate the calm and the clear.

「第三兩法,當知名字。

Now I will teach you two things about the Dharma that you should understand: names and their meanings.

「第四兩法,可捨癡亦世間愛。

The fourth pair: abandon ignorance and worldly attachment.

「第五兩法,當除不愧不慚。

Two things must be removed: lack of shame and lack of remorse.

「第六兩法,難定兩法不當爾爾。

**The Sixth Pair: The Two Dharmas Resistant to Definition**

This sixth pair of dharmas* are those inherently difficult to define or characterize.

「第七兩法,當知當不爾爾。

The seventh pair of principles: know what is, and know what is not.

「第八兩法,可求盡點,不復生點。

The eighth concept is the Dharma of cessation: by ending all attachments, one no longer gives rise to new attachments.

「第九兩法,可識人本何因緣在世間得苦,亦當知何因緣得度世。

Ninth Pair of Dharmas: Understand the causes that lead to suffering in the world, and also know the causes that lead to transcending the world.

「第十兩法,當自證慧亦解脫。是為行者二十法,是不非、是不異,有證如,有不惑不倒,是如有持慧意觀。

"The twentieth pair of truths: one should realize wisdom for oneself and also liberation. These twenty principles for practitioners are neither false nor different; they are realized as they truly are, without confusion or error. Hold this with wisdom and contemplate accordingly.

「第一三法,行者竟無為事慧者,亦聞法經,亦當觀本。

"The first dharma: When a practitioner has no conditioned actions and attains wisdom, they listen to the Dharma teachings and should also contemplate the original source."

「第二三法,當思惟。欲念,定不欲但念,亦不欲亦不念。

The second and third methods should be contemplated: When desire arises, you should focus solely on that thought—neither avoiding it nor clinging to it, and neither wanting nor not wanting it.

「第三三法,可識。欲有,色有,不色有。

There are three types of existence to be recognized: desire existence, form existence, and formless existence.

「第四三法,可捨。欲愛,色愛,不色愛。

The thirty-third teaching: Let go. Let go of desire for pleasure, let go of attachment to form, and let go of attachment to formlessness.

「第五三法,可捨。本三惡,貪欲惡、瞋恚惡、愚癡惡。

Fifty-third teaching: That which should be abandoned. The three fundamental evils: the evil of greed, the evil of anger, and the evil of ignorance.

「第六三法,可增。無有貪欲本、無有瞋恚本、無有愚癡本。
「第七三法,難受。相定相、定止相、定起相。
「第八三法,可作。三活向,空、不願、不想。
「第九三法,可識。三痛,樂痛、亦不樂亦不苦痛。
「第十三法,自證慧不復學。從本來,亦往生,爾無所應除。是為行者三十法,是不非,是不異,有諦如,有不惑不倒,是如是有持慧意觀。
「第一四法,行者竟無為天人輪。好郡居,依慧人,自直願,宿命有本。
「第二四法,增行。四意止,自觀、身觀、內外身觀,莫離意知著意,離世間癡惱。痛痒、意、法亦如觀身法。」
「第三四法,可識。四飯,摶飯、樂飯、念飯、識飯。
「第四四法,可捨。四𧓲,欲𧓲、意生是𧓲、戒願𧓲、受身𧓲。
「第五四法,可減。四失,戒失、意是失、行失、業失。
「第六四法,可增。四成,戒成、意是成、行成、業成。
「第七四法,難知。四諦,苦諦、習諦、盡諦、受滅苦諦。
「第八四法,令有四𭶑。苦𭶑、習𭶑、盡𭶑、道𭶑。
「第九四法,可識。四相識,少識、多識、無有量無所有不用識知、多知無有量知無所有不用智知。
「第十四法,自證。一法身當知、二法意當知、三法眼當知、四法慧當知。是為行者四十法,是不非,是不異,有諦如,有不惑不倒,是如是有持慧意觀。
「第一五法,行者竟無為。五種斷意。何等五?道弟子有道信有根著本,無有能壞者,忍辱亦仙人,若天、若魔、若梵,亦餘世間耶?亦無有匿無有態,真直如有身行,意著道慧同行。身亦少病安善,如應持腹行。身不大寒不大熱,無有恚時和令消飲食噉,令身安調,發精進行。有瞻精進方便,堅得好法,意不捨方便,寧肌筋骨血幹,盡精進不得中止,要當得所行。行慧從起滅慧得道者,要不厭行直滅苦。是五種斷意。
「第二五法,可增行德者。五種定。行道弟子,是身自守得喜樂,澆漬身行,可身一切無有一處不到喜樂,從自守樂。譬慧浴者,亦慧浴弟子。弟子持器,若杅若釜。澡豆水漬,已漬和使澡豆著膩,內外著膩不復散,從漬膩故。道行者亦如是,是身自守愛生樂,漬和相近相著,身一切無有不著,從自守喜樂。道弟子,是五種定,是上頭行。
「亦有道弟子,是身已定喜樂,澆漬身行,可身一處無有不到從定喜樂,譬阪頭泉水池,亦不從上來、亦不從東、亦不從南、亦不從西、亦不從北,但從泉多水潤生遍泉水,為泉澆漬,無有一處不到水冷水。道弟子行如是,是身定喜樂,澆漬身行,可遍身一切無有不到,從定喜樂。道弟子是五種定,是為第二行。
「亦有道弟子,是身不著愛著樂,相連至到相促相可,遍一切身到不喜樂。譬如蓮華水中生水中長,至根至莖至葉,一切從冷水遍澆漬遍行。道弟子身亦如是,從無有愛樂澆漬,可一切身遍從無有愛樂。道弟子,是五種定,是為第三行。
「亦有道弟子,是身淨意,已除受行成行,身中無有一處不到從淨意除意。譬如四姓亦四姓子,白㲲若八丈九丈,人頭足遍裹身遍,無有不到從白㲲淨㲲。如是道弟子,是身淨意除意已有行,一切身無有不到已覆淨意除意。道弟子,是五種定,是為第四行。
「亦有道弟子,受身觀諦,已熟念、熟居、熟受,譬如住人觀坐人、坐人觀臥人。道弟子行如是,受行相思惟熟受,以熟受、熟念、熟事、熟受。道弟子是五種定,是為第五行。
「第三五法,當知五種,一為色受種、二為痛受種、三為想受種、四為行受種、五為識受種。
「第四五法,當捨五蓋,一為愛欲蓋、二為瞋恚蓋、三為睡眠蓋、四為戲樂蓋、五為悔疑蓋。
「第五五法,可當減。五心意釘。若學者不信道,疑不下不可不受,如是心意一釘為未捨,不受道法教誡故。亦如有學者在道散名聞慧者同學者,持惡口向喙勤意離嬈侵,若有道名聞者慧者同學者,持惡口向喙勤意離嬈侵,如是是為五心意釘未捨。
「第六五法,當增道。五根,一為信根、二為精進根、三為意根、四為定根、五為慧根。
「第七五法,難受。五行得要出。若道弟子熟受道,不念愛欲,意不著欲、意不可欲、意不止欲、意不度欲,意縮、意惡、意不起、意不用、意却、意穢不用惡。譬如雞毛亦筋,入火便縮皺不得申。如是見道弟子,行堅意不念愛欲,便不用愛欲,便不可愛欲,意不墮愛欲,意便縮,意便縮意不起,便出念道。欲行已出,意生意堅,意不意出意解,意不縮意不惡意起,意無所礙無所用,意安隱,為意行故熟行故。
「若復生從愛欲因緣結惱憂,念為已從是解止不著得離,不復從是因緣痛痒行。如是行者,從欲得度,瞋恚不瞋恚,侵不侵,色不色。若道弟子,堅意不復念身,已堅意不念身,便不欲身、不可身、不住身,意不墮愛欲便惡意起。譬道弟子,如雞毛筋,入火便縮便皺不得申。道弟子亦如是,已見堅不復念身,意不可身、意不著身、意不度意,縮意惡意不起,自守生止惡,可惡念無為。欲度身念度,身為無為,意勸意可,意止意度,意不縮意不惡,意便申念無所礙無所用,意隱止,從行熟行故。
「若從身因緣,生罪惱憂,緣生罪惱憂已,從是解止不著度,不復從是因緣更痛。道弟子如是,從身得要出。
「第八五法,令生起道,五慧定,道德者無所著無所供從,是一慧內自生。
「是定恒,人不能致,慧者可。如是二慧內起生。
「是定從一向致得猗得道行,如是三慧內起生。
「是定見致樂行受亦好,如是四慧內起生。
「是定從是定自在坐自在起,如是五慧內起生。
「第九五法,當知五解脫,若學者道說經從道聞,亦慧人說從慧人聞,亦同學者聞,已如說聞知法義行、已解法便解義、已解義便受、已受便喜、已喜身樂、已樂便意定。定意如有知如有見,已如知見便却不用,已不用便不著,已不著如便得解脫。是行者一解脫。
「已行者得住未正意,得正意未定意,得定意未解結,得解結未得無為,便致無為。或時佛亦不說經,慧者同學者亦不說經,但如聞如受竟便自諷讀。是行者二解脫。
「或時佛亦不說經,慧者同學者亦不說經,但如聞法如受法,具說學者。是行者三解脫。
「或時佛不說經,學者但如聞如受法,獨一處計念,若如聞如受法具諷讀,便如應解如法解,是行者四解脫。
「或時不如聞不如受,亦不計念,但從行取一定相熟、受熟、念熟,行已受定相熟、受熟、念熟、行熟,隨便如法,便如應解,便如法解。已如應解,已如法解便可生,已可生便哀生,已哀生便身樂,便身知樂已樂意便止,便如有知有見便悔,已悔便不欲,已不欲便得解脫,行者五解脫。若道行者,得是止,得是行,意未得止便止,意未定便定,結未盡便盡,未得度世無為便得度世無為。
「第十五法自證知,一不學陰、二不學戒、三不學定、四不學慧、五不學度世解脫。是學者五十法,是不非,是不異,有諦如,有不惑不倒,是如有持慧意觀。
「第一六法者,竟無為。不共取重,等身行止在佛慧同學者,是法不共取重,從是得愛、從是得敬,可意已得愛、已得敬行,聚合不諍訟,一向行定致忍,等口言、等心行,所有戒行,不犯、不穿、不緩、不藏、不失。為有道者可具足行,如是輩行戒者,我亦戒者,當應比共慧者同學者,所求道要厭者,但行直滅苦,如是輩我亦如是輩,應比共慧者同學者,是法不共取重,亦若所有利法致從法得,一切所得在隨器中,如是利當為同學共,無有獨匿,是法不共取重。為從是愛得敬得可意,已得愛、已得敬、已得可意、已得行,得合、得聚,不諍不訟。一心行定,從是致忍。
「第二六法,護行六共居,眼見色亦不喜亦不惡,但觀行意正知。耳鼻口身意法觀,亦不喜亦不瞋,但觀止意不忘。
「第三六法,可識。六內入,眼內入,耳鼻口身意內入。
「第四六法,可捨。六愛,眼更愛,耳鼻口身意更愛。
「第五六法,可減。六不恭敬,一為不恭敬佛、二為不恭敬法、三為不恭敬同學者、四為不恭敬戒、五為惡口、六為惡知識。
「第六六法,可增。六恭敬,一為恭敬佛、二為恭敬法,三為恭敬同學者,四為恭敬戒,五為好口,六為善知識。
「第七六法,難受。六行度世,若有言:『我有等意定心,已行已有。』復言:『我意中瞋恚未解。』便可報言:『莫說是。何以故?無有是。已等心定意,已行已作已有,寧當有瞋恚耶?無有是。何以故?有等心定意,為除瞋恚故。』
「二為若行者言:『我有慈意定心,已作已行已有,但有殺意不除。』可報:『不如言。何以故?已慈心定意,已行已作已有,寧當有殺意耶?無有是。何以故?已有慈意定心,為無有殺意。』
「三為若學者言:『我有喜心等定意,已行已作已有,但意不止不可。』報言:『莫說是。何以故?無有是,已有等意定心,已行已增已有,寧不定不可耶?無有是。何以故?等意定心,為除不可不定故。』
「四為若學者言:『我有觀定意,已行已作已有,但愛欲瞋恚未除。』可報言:『莫說是。何以故?已有觀定意,便無有愛欲瞋恚。』
「五為若行者言:『我無有疑,但意不能。』可報言:『莫說是。何以故?解要無有疑故。』
「六為若行者言:『已得定意已足,但意往念識。』可報:『不如言,無有是,亦不應是念得定。意無所念已足,復意行念識,無有是。何以故?意已得度者,不應復念。』
「第八六法,當令有六念,一為念佛、二為念法、三為念同學者、四為念戒,五為念與、六為念天。
「第九六法,當知。六無有量,一為見無有量、二為聞無有量、三為利無有量、四為戒無有量、五為事無有量、六為念無有量。
「第十六法,證自知。六知,一神足、二徹聽、三知人意、四知本從來、五知往生何所、六知結盡。是行者六十法,是不非,是不異,有諦如,有不惑不倒,是如有持慧意觀。
「第一七法,行者竟無為。七寶,一為信寶、二為戒寶、三為愧寶、四為慙寶、五為聞寶、六為施寶、七為慧寶。
「第二七法,可行。七覺意,一為意覺意、二為分別法覺意、三為精進覺意、四為可覺意、五為猗覺意、六為定覺意、七為護覺意。
「第三七法,當知。七有,一為不可有、二為畜生有、三為餓鬼有、四為人有、五為天有、六為行有、七為中有。
「第四七法,可捨。七結,一為愛欲結、二為不可結、三為樂有結、四為自憍慢結、五為邪結、六為癡結、七為疑結。
「第五七法,可減。惡人七法,一為不信、二為無有愧、三為無有慙、四為無有精進、五為忘意、六為不定意、七為無有慧。
「第六七法,增慧。七慧者法,一為信、二為愧、三為慚、四為發精進、五為守意、六為定、七為慧。
「第七七法,難受知。七識止處,有色身異身異相。譬如或人中、或天上,是為一識止處。
「有色若干身一想。譬如天上天,名為梵,上頭有,是為二識止處。
「有在色處,一身一想。譬如天名為自明,是為三識止處。
「有無有色處行者,一切從色度滅恚念無有量行止。譬如天名為空,是為四識止處。
「有無有色處行者,一切從空得度,行識無有量止。譬如天名為識,是為五識止處。
「有不在色行者,無有想亦不離想。譬如天名為無有想,是為七識止處。
「第八七法,行令有定意。一為直見、二為直念、三為直語、四為直法、五為直業、六為直方便、七為直意。
「第九七法,當知。七現恩,一為若道行者,意在佛信入道根生,住無有能壞,若沙門、若婆羅門、若天、若魔、若梵亦餘世間行者。二為持戒守律攝戒,出入成畏死罪,持戒學戒。三為有好知識,有好同居,有好自歸。四為獨居不二共牽行、牽身、牽意。五為持精進行,堅精進行,不捨道法方便。六為意計,寧身肌筋骨血幹壞,但當所應行者發精進。七為有瞻者堅行者,不捨方便者,道法行應得已未得,精進不得中止,守意行最意持行自久行久說意不忘。七為念慧行知生滅得慧意。是為七現恩。
「第十七法,當令有證。一有法、二有解、三知時、四知足、五知身、六知眾、七知人前後。是行者七十法,是不非,是不異,有諦如,有不惑不倒,是如有持慧意觀。
長阿含十報法經卷上

第二

CBETA Code: T0013

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