---
title: "觀音玄義記 · 第三"
description: "觀音玄義記是宋代天台宗高僧知禮所著的一部佛教經典註釋，成書於北宋時期。該書系統闡釋了《觀音玄義》的深層義理，重點探討觀世音菩薩的慈悲願力與修行法門。知禮以天台宗圓教思想為基礎，結合止觀實踐，詳解觀音法門的理論體系與實修要領。作為天台宗重要文獻，該書體現了宋代佛教義理研究的精深化趨勢，對後世觀音信仰與修行實踐影響深遠。其內容兼具教理深度與實踐指導性，在漢傳佛教經典註釋中佔有重要地位，是研究宋代天台宗思想與觀音信仰的關鍵文本。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cman53bmn01tnlb0471tcj7sv"
---

## 觀音玄義記卷第三

> Commentary on the Profound Meaning of the Guanyin Sutra, Volume 3

宋四明沙門知禮述

> Song Dynasty Monk Zhili of Siming

第二、釋觀智，二：初、標列。二、「結境」下，解釋，二，初、結束世音之境。欲明觀智，先束境界。世間音聲品類無邊，塵沙莫喻，須依聖教結示諦境，方可明觀。觀不依諦，邪錯何疑。十界是因緣境者，以十如是類十二緣，義無別故。二、「二明」下，正明能觀之智，二：初、泛明諸境觀。諦緣通四教故四，三諦唯別圓故二，二諦加三接故七，一實唯圓極故一。無諦體忘，觀亦不立。二、「今約」下，今依三諦觀者，境順《涅槃》新伊之文，觀依《中論》相即之說，蕩情立法示妙融心，像末觀門此為最也。初、示境通別。通對頓觀，別對漸觀。二、「今對」下，明觀漸頓，二：初、雙列。二、「次第」下，雙釋，二：初、歷教釋二種觀，二：初、偏圓並釋，二：初、約諸部釋，五：初、依《瓔珞》明三觀。體於三假四句不生，即俗見真，名從假入空觀。觀三假俗入即空真，由俗入真復名二諦。於空不證，分別一切三假藥病，應病授藥，故名從空入假。前用真破俗，今用俗破真。若俗若真破用既均，復名平等。以前二破作雙遮方便，即以二用作雙照方便。次第破用既立，一心遮照可修，故云「二觀為方便」等。三觀俱用，從勝名中。心既即中，思議忘泯，名第一義諦觀。二、「此之」下，依《大品》明三智，三：初、正明三智相。「內法內名」者，謂理內所詮法相及能詮名字。「外法外名」者，即理外所詮法相及能詮名。空觀若成，於此名相悉能體達無我我所。故佛言：「摩訶迦葉，婆羅門法皆知、沙門法皆知。」故云內外能知能解。然其空智，但能總達諸法無生，不能別知諸法緣起，故不能用諸佛道法發起眾生一切善種。假觀能爾，故以道種而名其智。「於一種」等者，夫中觀智者，則了一切皆是中道，中則不偏，絕待為義。一法若中，則一切眾生因種、一切佛之道法無不咸趣。一外有法，不名中也。一法既爾，一切皆然，故云於一種智，知一切道、知一切種。「一相」等者，結前所說而成遮照。雙遮則一相寂滅，雙照則種種皆知，遮照同時故名一切種智。

> Second, explaining the contemplative wisdom, in two parts: first, listing the categories; second, beginning with "concluding the objects," explaining them, in two parts: first, concluding the objects of worldly sounds. To clarify the contemplative wisdom, one must first gather the objects. The categories of worldly sounds are boundless, beyond comparison with grains of sand. One must rely on the sacred teachings to conclude and reveal the objects of truth, only then can contemplation be clarified. If contemplation does not rely on truth, how can one doubt its deviation and error? The ten realms are the objects of dependent origination, as the ten suchnesses correspond to the twelve links, their meanings being no different. Second, beginning with "the second clarifies," properly clarifying the wisdom capable of contemplation, in two parts: first, broadly clarifying contemplation of various objects. Since the truths and dependent origination are common to the four teachings, there are four; the three truths are exclusive to the distinct and perfect teachings, thus two; the two truths plus the three connections, thus seven; the one reality is exclusively the ultimate of the perfect teaching, thus one. Without the substance of truth, contemplation also cannot be established. Second, beginning with "now based on," now relying on the contemplation of the three truths: the objects accord with the text of the "new \*ī\*" in the \*Nirvāṇa Sūtra\*, and the contemplation relies on the theory of mutual identity in the \*Mūlamadhyamakakārikā\*, sweeping away attachments to establish the dharma and reveal the wondrous integration of mind. In the latter age of the image, this contemplative approach is the foremost. First, revealing the objects as general and specific. The general corresponds to sudden contemplation, the specific corresponds to gradual contemplation. Second, beginning with "now corresponding to," clarifying gradual and sudden contemplation, in two parts: first, listing both; second, beginning with "in sequence," explaining both, in two parts: first, explaining the two types of contemplation through the teachings, in two parts: first, explaining both the partial and perfect together, in two parts: first, based on various scriptures explaining, five parts: first, according to the \*Yingluo Jing\* clarifying the three contemplations. Realizing that the three falsehoods do not arise in the four propositions, seeing truth through convention, is called entering emptiness from the conventional contemplation. Contemplating the conventional three falsehoods entering the emptiness that is truth, from convention entering truth is again called the two truths. Not abiding in emptiness, distinguishing all medicines and illnesses of the three falsehoods, prescribing medicine according to illness, thus called entering the conventional from emptiness. Previously using truth to refute convention, now using convention to refute truth. Whether convention or truth, refutation and application being balanced, again called equality. Using the previous two refutations as expedient means of dual negation, then using the two applications as expedient means of dual illumination. Once sequential refutation and application are established, the simultaneous negation and illumination of one mind can be cultivated, thus saying "the two contemplations as expedient means," etc. The three contemplations are all applied, named "middle" from the superior. Since mind is identical to the middle, conceptualization is forgotten and extinguished, called the contemplation of the supreme truth. Second, beginning with "this," according to the \*Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra\* clarifying the three wisdoms, in three parts: first, properly clarifying the characteristics of the three wisdoms. "Inner dharma, inner names" refers to the dharma characteristics explained within principle and the names that explain them. "Outer dharma, outer names" refers to the dharma characteristics explained outside principle and the names that explain them. If the contemplation of emptiness is accomplished, one can fully realize no self and no mine in these names and characteristics. Thus the Buddha said: "Mahākāśyapa, the ways of the brahmins are all known, the ways of the śramaṇas are all known." Thus it is said, able to know and understand both inner and outer. However, this wisdom of emptiness can only generally realize the non-arising of all dharmas, unable to specifically know the dependent origination of all dharmas, thus cannot use the Buddha's dharma methods to inspire all wholesome seeds in sentient beings. The contemplation of the conventional can do this, thus naming its wisdom "path-seeding." "Regarding one kind," etc.: The wisdom of middle contemplation then fully understands that all are the middle way. The middle is without bias, meaning absolute. If one dharma is middle, then all sentient beings' causal seeds, all Buddha's dharma methods, none do not converge. If there is any dharma outside of one, it is not called middle. Since one dharma is so, all are likewise, thus saying regarding one kind of wisdom, knowing all paths, knowing all kinds. "One characteristic," etc.: summarizing what was said before to form negation and illumination. Dual negation means one characteristic quiescently extinguished; dual illumination means all kinds are known; negation and illumination simultaneous thus called all-kind wisdom.

二、「通而」下，對上辯通別。《瓔珞》三觀、《大品》三智，通則異名，別分因果。

> Second, from "通而" onward, it contrasts with the preceding text to distinguish between the general and the specific. The three contemplations of the \*Sutra of the Necklace\* and the three wisdoms of the \*Great Prajna Sutra\* are, in a general sense, different names for the same thing, but when distinguished, they are divided into cause and effect.

三、「此三」下，對《大經》四智，二：初、略示四智相。《大經》二十五云「觀因緣智，凡有四種：謂下、中、上、上上。下智觀者不見佛性，以不見故得聲聞菩提。中智觀者不見佛性，不見佛性故得緣覺菩提。上智觀者見不了了，不了了故住十住地。上上智觀者見則了了，得阿耨菩提。」《輔行》釋云「因緣不殊、四觀不等，對別教中云住十住地者，以次第行從住入空，乃至十地方入中道。次第住三，故名為住，住及不了並約教道。」二、「涅槃」下，對上判離合。四教證修唯三觀智，空分析體，故成四也。《大經》觀緣明四智者，取藏析空為下智故。《大品》三智《瓔珞》三觀，簡小明衍故。若以二經之三就大經四者，應開析空生滅一切智。若以大經四就二經三者，應合下中同入空智。

> Third, "These three" below corresponds to the Four Wisdoms in the \*Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra\*. This is divided into two parts: first, a brief explanation of the characteristics of the Four Wisdoms. The \*Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra\*, Chapter 25, states: "The wisdom of contemplating dependent arising is of four kinds: lower, middle, higher, and highest. Those with the lower wisdom do not perceive the Buddha-nature; because they do not perceive it, they attain the enlightenment of the śrāvakas. Those with the middle wisdom do not perceive the Buddha-nature; because they do not perceive it, they attain the enlightenment of the pratyekabuddhas. Those with the higher wisdom perceive it but not clearly; because they perceive it unclearly, they abide in the ten stages of the bodhisattva path. Those with the highest wisdom perceive it clearly and attain supreme enlightenment." The \*Fuxing\* commentary explains: "Dependent arising is not different, but the four contemplations are not equal. In relation to the Distinct Teaching, 'abiding in the ten stages' refers to progressing step by step from the stages into emptiness, up to the tenth stage, before entering the Middle Way. The stages are threefold in sequence, hence called 'abiding.' Both 'abiding' and 'unclear perception' are discussed in terms of the teaching's progression." Second, "Nirvāṇa" below corresponds to the above judgment of separation and union. The four teachings, realization, and cultivation are only the three contemplative wisdoms. Emptiness is analyzed in terms of substance, thus forming four. The \*Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra\* discusses dependent arising to clarify the Four Wisdoms, taking the analytical emptiness of the Tripiṭaka as the lower wisdom. The \*Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra\* discusses the Three Wisdoms, and the \*Yingluo\* discusses the Three Contemplations, distinguishing the Hīnayāna from the Mahāyāna. If one were to align the three of the two sūtras with the four of the \*Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra\*, analytical emptiness and conditioned arising should be separated as the wisdom of all phenomena. If one were to align the four of the \*Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra\* with the three of the two sūtras, the lower and middle should be combined into the wisdom of emptiness.

四、「若將」下，以觀智對五眼。肉天二眼是四智三智，所觀境本不論開合。慧法佛眼與三觀智，主對已齊。若論四智須於慧眼，而對析體二空智也。

> Fourth, the passage beginning with "If one were to" uses the contemplative wisdom to correspond to the five eyes. The flesh eye and the heavenly eye correspond to the four wisdoms and the three wisdoms, and the objects of contemplation fundamentally do not discuss opening or closing. The wisdom eye, the dharma eye, and the Buddha eye, along with the three contemplative wisdoms, already fully correspond in terms of their principal counterparts. If we discuss the four wisdoms, it is necessary to use the wisdom eye to correspond to the two wisdoms of analytical and essential emptiness.

五、「中論」下，以《中論》四句結。二、「若將」下，對四教釋，二：初、正對四教，二：初、正對教。二、「所以」下，出所以。觀必教詮、智由觀得，今明觀智須能詮教。二、「教必」下，廣明四相，二：初、四教主，二：初、明教主一異。文有二義明其一異。初跨節論，只一圓佛，被四種機、說四教法。次「或可」下，約當分論，隨機所見、據教所詮，四佛體用優劣碩異。二、「四教」下，明補處偏圓。補處亦明當分跨節，例主可知。

> 5\. In the section below the "Middle Treatise," it is concluded with the four propositions of the \*Middle Treatise\*. 2. In the section beginning with "If one were to," it explains in relation to the Four Teachings, in two parts: first, the direct correspondence to the Four Teachings, in two parts: first, the direct correspondence to the teachings. Second, in the section beginning with "Therefore," the reason is given. Insight must be conveyed through teachings, and wisdom arises from insight. Here, it is clarified that insight and wisdom require teachings that can convey them. Second, in the section beginning with "Teachings must," the four aspects are explained in detail, in two parts: first, the four teaching masters, in two parts: first, clarifying the unity and differences among the teaching masters. The text presents two meanings to clarify their unity and differences. First, from a cross-sectional perspective, there is only one perfect Buddha, who addresses four types of practitioners and teaches the Four Teachings. Next, in the section beginning with "Alternatively," from the perspective of their respective domains, according to what practitioners perceive and what the teachings convey, the essence and function of the four Buddhas differ significantly in superiority and inferiority. Second, in the section beginning with "The Four Teachings," the partial and perfect aspects of the successor are clarified. The successor is also explained in terms of their respective domains and cross-sectional perspectives, similar to the explanation for the masters.

二、「若言」下，四教法，二：初、明理尚無一。二、「答理」下，明赴緣說四前通釋題，十義之首已明此義，證理絕言、被緣須教。初、明赴緣。二、「三藏」下，明說四，四：初、三藏，三：初、明教相，二：初、明願行，二：初、依諦立誓。「初為陶師」者，合云陶師之子。因遇彼佛入城乞食，相好巍巍，乃發善心而興供養。遂對彼佛發於誓言：「願我當成佛，一如今世尊。」故今釋迦法住之時、度人多少等、皆同往佛。言「即起慈悲」者，發心拔苦、欲與其樂。若不諦審非想結集及輪迴苦，又不諦審三無為滅及盡苦道，則不拔苦際非與真樂。凡外不諦、二乘無誓，菩薩雙非依諦立誓。

> Second, from "If one says" onward, there are four teachings, divided into two parts: first, clarifying that principle is ultimately singular. Second, from "Answering principle" onward, clarifying the four teachings adapted to conditions. Previously, in explaining the title, the first of the ten meanings already clarified this principle: the truth transcends words, yet teachings are given according to conditions. First, clarifying adaptation to conditions. Second, from "The Tripitaka" onward, clarifying the four teachings, divided into four parts: first, the Tripitaka, divided into three parts: first, clarifying the characteristics of the teaching, divided into two parts: first, clarifying vows and practice, divided into two parts: first, establishing vows based on truth. "Initially as a potter" refers to the son of a potter. Because he encountered that Buddha entering the city to beg for alms, with majestic and splendid features, he gave rise to a virtuous mind and made offerings. Then, facing that Buddha, he made a vow: "May I become a Buddha, just like the World-Honored One of today." Therefore, now, during the time when Śākyamuni’s Dharma abides, the number of people he liberates and other matters are all the same as those of the past Buddha. "Immediately giving rise to compassion" means generating the mind to relieve suffering and wishing to give happiness. If one does not truly contemplate the aggregates of non-perception and the suffering of samsara, nor truly contemplate the cessation of the three unconditioned states and the path that ends suffering, then one neither relieves the ultimate suffering nor gives true happiness. Ordinary beings and outsiders do not truly contemplate; the two vehicles lack vows; bodhisattvas, being neither, establish vows based on truth.

二、「行六」下，依誓起行二：初、六度填願。文中所明六蔽為集、六道為苦，六度為道、蔽息為滅。略舉初後，中四例知。此教菩薩自伏六蔽、對破六道，令他斷集離苦故也。《菩薩戒疏》云「檀破餓鬼、尸救地獄、忍濟畜生、進拔脩羅、禪靜人中、慧照天眾。」二、「行此」下，六度滿時。如尸毘王，遍割身肉就鷹貿鴿，至盡一身不惱不沒；自誓真實，感身平復，是檀滿相。如須摩提王，以身就死持不妄戒，是尸滿相。如忍辱仙人，被歌利王割截身體，慈忍不動，作誓即感血化為乳，是羼提滿相。如好施太子，求如意珠雨寶濟貧，得珠墜海抒海取之，筋骨斷壞終不懈廢。諸天問之，云生生不休。故助抒海。海水減半，龍恐海乾送珠與之，是毘離邪滿相。如尚闍梨得第四禪出入息斷，鳥謂為木於髻生卵，定起欲行恐鳥母不來，即更入禪，鳥飛方起，是禪滿相。如劬嬪大臣，分閻浮提地為七分，城邑山川均故息諍，是般若滿相。所言滿者，度本治蔽，行期滿願。今蔽已離，與拔遂心，即知六度其功剋滿。

二、「如此」下，明時位，三：初約時明行相。從古釋迦至罽那尸棄佛名初僧祇，準望聲聞位。在五停心及別相總相念處也，觀力既微故不知作佛。從罽那尸棄至然燈佛時名第二僧祇，位當煖法。既有證法之信必知作佛，心未分明故不向他說。從然燈至毘婆尸佛名第三僧祇，位在頂法，內心了了自知作佛，口自發言無所畏難也。「無脂肥羊」者，《大論》云「此菩薩雖有上妙五欲，不生貪著，以有無常等觀故。譬如有王，有一大臣自覆藏罪，王欲罰罪，語言：『若得無脂肥羊，當赦汝罪。』大臣有智，繫一羊養以水草，日日三時以狼怖之，羊雖得養，肥而無脂。王問：『云何得爾？』答以上事。菩薩亦爾，見無常空狼，令結使脂銷而功德身肥。」二、「用此」下，約觀明涉位。

問：聲聞根鈍，尚能速入七賢四聖；菩薩利智，何故三祇猶居頂法？答：聲聞但於一境一門修念處等，故易成就。菩薩遍於一切境界，一一四門，復加六度，久遠熏修，使一一行攝諸眾生令種熟脫，故三祇內凡化幾人超凡入聖，自身此岸、度人彼岸，故經劫長證位猶下。

言「三十四心正習俱盡」者，頓證羅漢及以支佛，亦三十四心無間而得，但不以此頓盡正習。一言於習，有見思習及塵沙習。菩薩修學塵沙法門，治其劣慧，於一一門用四諦觀伏其正使，於一一門六度行熏見思習，故樹王下三十四心，於塵沙法上證四真諦，故令正使及二習氣俱時而盡，故能二諦皆究竟也，方異三乘弟子，獨彰佛眼佛智。三、「此中」下，約佛明補處。二、「若就」下，結觀智。若於三藏明觀音人，其相如是。

三、料揀，二：初、簡超劫，二：初、問。「一超九劫」者，《婆沙》云「爾時有佛號曰底沙，有二弟子，一名釋迦，樂修利他行，所化機先熟；二名慈氏，樂修自利行，所化機在後。彼佛念曰：『迴多人就一人即難，迴一人就多人即易。』欲令釋迦先成道故，於是捨二弟子入至山中。時釋迦菩薩隨後入山，尋求本師不見蹤跡。正行之次，忽見彼佛在寶龕中入火界定，威光赫奕特異於常。行次忘下一足，經于七日，說於一偈歎彼世尊云：『天地此界多聞室即北方多聞天王之室也，逝宮天處十方無逝宮即梵王宮。外道計彼為常，佛為破彼，故稱逝宮，丈夫牛王大沙門，尋地山林遍無等。』因此精進超於九劫，在彌勒前成佛。」二、答。弗沙與底沙，梵語賒切耳。彌勒值佛必有超劫，恐梵文未至。二、簡百劫，二：初、問；二、答。住此法門者，若任運行於六度法門則須百劫。此據常途理數而言，若精進功倍亦何局於時分？二、通教，二：初、明教相，二：初、示名教。三乘因位，共能忘言契真諦故，同斷見愛故受通名。然有利根通入後教，今分四相且從鈍說。前教菩薩至果方斷，三乘不通也。二、「此事」下，辯行相，二：初、斥三藏明行位，二：初、對事度顯空行，三：初、斥事非度。《大論》斥三藏菩薩云「具足三毒，云何能集無量功德？譬如毒瓶，雖貯甘露，皆不中食。菩薩修諸純淨功德乃得作佛，若雜三毒，云何能具清淨法門？菩薩之身猶如毒器，具足煩惱名為有毒。修習佛法，如貯甘露。此法教他，令他失於常住之命。」檀有三品，謂命上、身中、財下也。貿鴿割身猶是中捨，既不了空，焉到彼岸？二、「不見」下，明空成行。施本治慳，慳不可得，三事既空施相不立，能所既泯真空現前，是真檀度。下之五度能所皆空，是則名為道不二相。以此空慧蕩生法執，故令眾行稱理圓成。三、「又復」下，斥定三祇。空心立行，長劫忘勞，攝無量生、經無量劫，何得限定三阿僧祇？為逗衍機，須破三藏，非是廢除彼教接物。二、「大品」下，約斷結明共位，二：初、衍門行位，二：初、斷結行。梵云薩婆若，此云一切智。發心與此空智相應，即能斷見及破思惟，即是無生人法。法緣慈悲，自行化他積行填願，皆與無生四諦相應，故能因中斷結證理。二、「則有」下，斷結位。二、「若將」下，對小階級。八人地對八忍。人者忍也。世第一後十六剎那齊道比忍，猶屬於賢；至道比智，即名為聖。二位同在無間三昧，故以十六對八人見。此教菩薩從已辦地留習潤生，用慈悲道與真空觀雙行化物，前斷正使、今侵二習。至于佛地，見思習盡真諦究竟，塵沙習盡俗諦究竟。第七地中有斷有留，故盡不盡。二、「以誓」下，約扶餘習以利他。正使既盡，習不潤生，以誓扶之，能生三界。以藏通教俱不談常，生死之身全由惑業。二乘惑盡，不受後身。菩薩利物恐同二乘，故藏菩薩用慈悲誓，扶於正使受生化物。通既斷正，以誓扶習而作生因，盡在不久，故似微煙。既為益他留形三界，故稱名感見，能拔苦與樂。二、「此是」下，結觀，可見。

三、別教，二：初、明教相、二：初、示名教。詮中故異通、次第故異圓，故名為別。不共般若、不共二乘，全別前教；圓亦不共，故未別後不名不共，意在於茲。二、「此教」下，辯行相，二：初、約次第明行位，二：初、明次第意。雖說眾生見聞覺知體是佛性，而全起作三種之惑，故須用此覺知之性，觀空破有、觀假破空，待二均平方照本性中道之覺，故名方便。次第顯理既此迂迴，故經塵劫。從初標志，次第修學河沙觀智，破河沙惑，顯如來藏河沙性德，故緣無量四諦發心。二、「十信」下，明伏斷相，二：初、法。十信緣中，通伏三惑，心正著有。要先觀空伏斷四住，方袪滯有。復偏著空，故觀六界藥病，成就體析八門道種。又觀四聖惑智因緣，無量無作八門道種。二觀既成，故照中道。此時三觀只在一心，別向圓修斯之謂矣。二、喻。圓譬冶鐵作器，別喻燒金作器。冶謂鎔鑄淳樸，頓融任運，麁垢先落。燒謂鍛鍊，物體猶堅特要麁塵先去，然後融金以除細垢。圓觀頓窮法界，無意先觀二諦，二惑任運先落。別觀次第顯中，有意先觀二諦，故使二惑先除。二、「此菩」下，期真應以利物。初雖次修，後能圓應。二、「此是」下，結觀智。

問：別向圓修，何但結為出假之智？答：後勝受名故、約教道故。如《輔行》云「一教始終雖具三諦，若入證道不復名別。」是故別教但在於假。

四、圓教，二：初、約行位明圓，二：初、廣示相，二：初、正釋行位，二：初、約法示相，二：初、教所詮理。說一切法皆是中道，一色一心、一染一淨皆具三千悉非空假，非內即非性，全性成修故；非外即非修，全修在性故。既其空假雙亡、修性俱泯，則中道之義顯矣。二、「觀十」下，教所詮觀，二：初、正示，二：初、明修觀，二：初、對境示觀。教所詮法，令生妙解。今依妙解而修妙觀，十界眾生所觀境也。鏡水譬性德三千，像月喻修起三千。內外有無皆無實性，而三千三諦終自宛然。二、「觀智」下，就觀明諦。此無緣觀照無相諦，以無相諦發無緣觀，諦觀名別其體本同，是故能所二即非二。二、「大品」下，明證釋，二：初、證發心相。若發真心、似心、觀心及名字心，隨位約即，明坐道場、轉輪度生。故《佛藏》云「眾生身中已有如來結跏趺坐。」理即尚爾，況修中位。二、「即於」下，初、發心德。二、「入十」下，入位。二、「文云」下，引文稱歎，四：初、此經歎真實。二、《大品》歎具法。三、《涅槃》歎初心。四、「此中」下，諸文歎眼智，二：初、約此經總示。開示悟入皆佛知見，所知見境既該百界。驗能知見即三智五眼，從勝稱一，如海具眾流。二、引二文別釋，二：初、《大論》明智。言「十智」者，謂世智、他心、苦集滅道、法、比、盡、無生也。如此十智通於三藏三乘，唯如實智屬于衍教，今但證圓。二、「眼亦」下，《大經》明眼。既見麁色，即是佛性，具一切法。即觀行五眼從勝名佛，肉眼見性褒之以佛，慧見偏空貶之為肉。二、「若能」下，兼明人法，二：初、示圓六雙。二、「以無」下，明經二益。「三點涅槃」者，《大經》云「祕密之藏，猶如伊字三點。若並則不成伊，縱亦不成。如摩醯首羅面上三目乃成伊，我亦如是。」解脫之法亦非涅槃，如來之身亦非涅槃，摩訶般若亦非涅槃，三法各異亦非涅槃。此乃三德即一而三，名大涅槃也。二、「是名」下，結歸題，如文。

二、問答顯妙，三：初、明無緣與拔，二：初、據中道妨慈問。二、指《淨名》成慈答。〈觀眾生品〉文殊問維摩言：「云何觀於眾生？」維摩言：「譬如幻師見所幻人，如智者見水中月，如鏡中見其面像等。」文殊言：「若菩薩作是觀者，云何行慈？」維摩言：「菩薩作是觀已，自念：我當為眾生說如斯法。是即真實慈也。」彼品既是通相，從假入空徹見三諦，即是中道無緣與拔。二、明中道建立，二：初、約雙非皆破問。二、明中道遍立答，二：初約明中能立偏圓三寶四諦，二：初、略示迷中之失。四教四諦是權實相，皆依中道，非權非實而得建立。今既迷此，則一切皆失。二、「若明」下，廣示明中之德，二：初、示四種四諦唯心。十種法界忘言之理，名為中道。得此理故，方施權實之教。十界融即，說者名圓；十界次第，說者名別；六界無生，說者名通；六界生滅，說者名藏。此之四教各論四諦，若識中道，諸法皆融，故於一心具四四諦。二、「所以」下，釋一體三寶具漸，二：初、約圓觀明三寶。「佛但雙非」者，且從略示遮必具照，三智圓覺，方名佛寶。以法三諦顯佛不孤。僧寶中云「理事和」者，上三諦法性本圓融名之為理，隨情差別名之為事。佛實相慧具於權實，實慧和理能說圓法，權慧和事能說偏法。故《文句》明法用方便云「智詣於規，善用圓法逗會眾生，如圓舉指目於圓處。智詣於矩，善用偏法逗會眾生，如偏舉指目於偏處。」言「事和即有前三教」等者，權慧隨情照諦差別，即說別教次第三諦，或說藏通即離二諦，乃有三教行人稟法修行成三僧寶。若其實慧和隨智諦，即說不次第三諦，乃有頓修行人稟法成於圓教因果之僧。不獨令他稟教成僧，亦能應作偏圓行人修成僧寶。

問：四十二位，自等覺來合判為僧，妙覺為佛。云何因果皆名為僧？答：別相三寶乃以因果而為僧佛。今論一體，一人一念具足三寶。四十二位，位位報智冥於法性，皆名二寶。位位應身，皆名僧寶。故妙覺應最能三土統理大眾，是故僧寶究竟成就。若能善識一體三寶，任運能具諸漸教中三寶之義，以能和於理事三諦故也。

二、「故大」下，引月愛明僧相，二：初、據經文明諸地智斷，二：初、正引《涅槃》，二：初、通譬諸地，二：初順喻白黑論增減：二：初、舉月光喻。白月光增以喻發智，黑月光減以喻斷惑。喻雖前後，法乃同時。二、「月性」下，以體用合實相則因果不二。智斷則增減有殊，諸法不生、諸法不滅，三千無改也。煩惱滅、般若生，無明即明也。「大經」等者，以無明體是彊覺，故亦稱為明。二、「如是」下，約法地地論智斷。捨喻就法，四十二地一一智斷，故云皆具。二、「若十」下，別對諸地，二：初、以晦望對妙覺。月望以喻妙覺理體智德二俱圓極，故重云不生。月晦以喻妙覺獨頭相應二皆究盡，故重云不滅。二、「初三」下，約開合對諸地。合前開後，故以十五對四十二。此中初三，即有黑白兩初三也，乃至十五亦復如是。二、「仁王」下，例諸般若。但明因位，故以十四對四十一地，地地之中具三般若。二、「如此」下，結僧寶立一切因果。若與中道理和，必與三教事和，是則權實因果皆由中道而得建立。二、「若不」下，約迷中即破漸頓三寶四諦，二：初、示得前失後。四教三寶及四四諦，但依二種中道而立。藏通依離斷常中，別圓依佛性中，各有即離故成四教。外計斷常都迷二中，故失四教三寶四諦。三教得失，在文可見。二、「傳傳」下，明前多後少。二、以權顯實，二：初、約圓詮廢漸問。二、約權能顯實答，二：初舒漸顯圓，二：初、以觀例教。觀既以次顯於不次，教亦以三顯於一圓。利可直談、鈍宜漸顯，今若四說利鈍不遺。二、「若不」下，以三顯圓，二：初、示立三意。二、「雖說」下，引文證釋。「餘深法」者，藏通餘而不深，圓教深而不餘，別教亦餘亦深，故將唯餘及以兩亦助顯唯深。「弄引」者，「引」去聲。謂曲弄之前，必有引起。言「開空法道」者，謂前三教是開通圓空之法道也。二、「若入」下，卷權歸實，二：初、廢三立圓。前是為實施權，今明廢權立實，十方三世法皆爾也。二、「復次」下，忘言契理。寄言顯理、從偏入圓，權非實是。恐失意者是非不泯，故以雙非絕其思議。權既不生，實亦不生，故二不生彰乎妙契。應知此立非權非實，但是祛乎著語之情，其所契悟理無別途，勿謂雙非理過一實。二、觀心，明二種觀。

問：上明諸教無非對境立乎觀門，況復約圓境觀皆妙，何故至此更說觀心？答：上為解釋觀世音名，故約四教明乎觀法。既觀世音，正以他生而為觀境。心佛眾生雖無差別，就生佛境高廣難觀，若就心境近而易照。佛世當機隨聞悟入，境無遠近；滅後初學修觀要須揀難從易。故今諸部約教釋中，縱已明觀，後須更立觀心一科。又復他生不出心性，若觀自心則能明見十界眾生，故知觀心成前約教世音之觀。今示觀心，其意略爾。

先、標。次、「夫心」下，示，二：初約心源本無境觀，二：初、明本無心境，二：初、明性絕百非。「心源本淨」等者，只現前心當處即中，名之為源。離一切相，名為本淨。「無為」下，列所離相。既其若此，焉立心境？二、「雖復」下，明心非四運。尚不可以知覺而求，豈能以生滅而取？是故不可立心為境。二、「豈可」下，明莫陳觀法，三：初、法。心境本無，觀於何設？二、「猶如」下，喻。無以比況，強指虛空。三、「此下」，合。二、「有因」下，由緣感須立觀心，二：初、由緣立心。有十因緣能修證者，無能所中立所觀境。二、「既有」下，由心立觀，二：初、略立，三：初、法；二、喻；三、合。二、「若作」下，委示，二：初、示漸觀。雖明二觀，二意在圓，故次第觀略指而已。二、「若觀」下，示頓觀，二：初、明全性成修，二：初、就法直明，二：初、示，二：初、於一念觀性三因。三諦即正因、三觀即了因、一切法即緣因，具緣了之正名為三諦、具正緣之了名三觀、具正了之緣名一切法。故《大經》云「法身亦非、般若亦非、解脫亦非。」此之三法，舉一即三、三即是一，非縱非橫，同居一念。二、「十法」下，觀千法皆有三諦。以其千法皆因緣生，故趣舉一，性相叵得故空、緣起宛然故假、性絕待對故中，一法既然千法皆爾。學者須知千種三諦只一三諦，說千不散、說一不合，以圓融故。千法各得三諦全分，蓋由三諦體是三德，名祕密藏。一切諸法不出此藏，此藏全體遍入諸法，如世真金具燦爛色，具轉變能、具不改性。若成師子，則全以色等作頭作尾、作乎胸背四足牙爪眾毛，豈有一處不具色等三邪？此三豈可暫分隔邪？得此喻意，則於千種三諦不起合散一多之計也。況今千法且總略言，廣則三千一一三諦。故荊溪云：「三千即空，性了因；三千即假，性緣因：三千即中，性正因。」心法既爾，眾生三千、諸佛三千同一祕藏，是故一一皆具三諦，此等法門同居一念。二、「此即」下，結。「即不次第觀」者，不思議境，境即是觀。若境自是境，更起觀智來照此境，此乃別修非性德行。故《止觀》十乘是觀別相，三千空假中是觀總體，以此為妙境、以此為發心、以此安其心、以此能遍破、以此通塞著、以此調道品、以此合助道，就此論次位，以此忍他緣、以此離似愛。此外無行、此外無果，以將果理為妙行故。故示千種三諦之後，便云「此即不次第觀」也。二、「華嚴」下，按經委示，二：初、引經示觀，二：初、明心造一切。十種世間皆住真法，真法無礙故十互融，融故百界千法具足。此之理具已有造義，由理造故方有事造，故一言心造即二造也。二、「若觀」下，觀一切皆三。理事二造各論一切，略則千法、廣則三千。若觀心空，理事三千無不空也。觀心假中，理事三千無不假中。既三千空，空即三觀，三皆能破，故總言空。觀三千假，假即三觀，以皆立故，故總言假。觀三千中，中即三觀，皆絕待故，故總言中。此乃三德三諦三千故也。二、「如是」下，結法歸心。

二、「若能」下，指修是佛，二：初、廣引經文，二：初、引證齊佛，三：初、約《大經》觀緣得佛。十如即是十二因緣，今觀即性，故見三千即空假中，名上上智。初心修此，即名得佛。二、引《淨名》觀身等佛。觀境雖異，實相豈殊？故得觀自身心，等彼果佛。三、引《華嚴》心佛無差，如前委說。二、「若作」下，約經歎觀，二：初、歎正觀。餘觀望此皆悉偏邪，迦葉未聞已前皆是邪見。二、「即開」下，歎是佛。開示悟入佛之知見，今家四釋：一、圓四位，住行向地。二、圓四智，謂道慧即畢竟空，二道種慧不思議假。三、一切智，雙遮中道。四、一切種智，雙照中道。三、圓四門，即不思議空門有門，雙非雙亦也。四、圓四觀、即三觀皆空、三觀皆假，即三而一、即一而三，皆如次對開示悟入。四位竪論，餘三橫辯，故知開等通淺通深。「座室衣三皆稱如來」者，以用果法為行故也。位雖高下，境觀無殊，是故四儀皆應起塔。二、「如此」下，結成佛法。非今所明，難越九界。

二、明普門，二：初、開章。二、隨釋，二：初、通途明門，二：初、列。二、釋，六：初、略列門名，三：初、「列門」下，通約喻顯。二、「凡鄙」下，別就法示，二：初、世間，二：初、示諸門。外唯世間，故至惑苦。惑即集也。愛著三界，常樂我淨，故言四倒。見惑雖多，不出有無及以一異，各執四句。二、「善惡」下，束歸生死。二、「若就」下，佛法門，二：初，示四教通之能所。通真含中，鈍入化城，見空真也。利達常住，見中真也。二、「此則」下，明四種有乎教觀。《大本玄》云「若於一教以四句詮理，即是四門，四四合為十六門。若以行為門者，稟教修觀、因思得入，即以行為門。藉教發真，則以教為門。若初聞教，如快馬見鞭影即入正路者，不須修觀，如依電光即得見道，不更須教。並是往昔善根習熟，今於教門得道名信行，於觀門得道名法行。」三、「能通」下，廣指《大本》。二、「二示」下，示門相，四，初、三藏。俗既實有，不即真諦，故於俗諦明四種門。以通於理。假人叵得，四門是同，但就五陰分別四相，實法無常，是有門觀。三假浮虛，是空門觀。二門俱用從容而修，是兩亦門觀。離空有相、絕言而修，是雙非門觀。隨成一觀，皆得會真。二、通教。二諦相即，四門不諍，或觀幻有、或觀幻空、或雙存觀、或雙泯觀，但隨根性，依一門修皆得入道。三、別教。言「觀佛性」者，信分別心是本覺性體、是三諦，根鈍不知性具九故，致令三諦體不融即，隨稟一門而修觀法。稟有門者，觀本覺性是真善妙有，如瓶盆等為闇覆，故不能顯現。佛藏十喻，皆此門意。稟空門者，觀於本覺是畢竟空，無相可得，由我執者不得覩見，如迦毘羅城空者。此城本是釋尊生處，為瑠璃王之所破滅，釋種既盡城邑蕩然。阿難愁惱，世尊怡悅。因阿難問，故佛答言：「汝見迦毘羅有。我見迦毘羅城空。」大涅槃空亦復如是。稟雙亦門者，觀本覺性不定有無，如石中金，福人見故亦有，罪人不見故亦無。有無雙照，可以證入。稟雙非門者，觀本覺性不可有無而思說也，絕念而觀方可妙悟。圓教者，真善妙有及畢竟空，雙遮雙照，名豈異前？但以別人不知三諦體是三德，不縱不橫一一互具，以此三諦而為四門。失此意故，隨門各解，名有四之四。今圓得旨，乃於彼四融即而觀，故得名為不四之四。雖立行位，皆不思議。

三、「次論」下，明權實。偏真為權，中道為實。前之二教，能詮能觀共十六門，所詮所證但在偏真，故皆是權。別教教道，能詮能觀皆次故權，見所詮理及所證地同圓故實。圓教教觀，能詮所詮能行所到始終俱圓，故皆是實。

四、「次明」下，明普不普，二：初、凡漸不普。二、圓門是普，二：初、約法直示。三千之法即空假中，乃以所通而為能通。門外無理，能所泯亡，此之妙門普義成就。二、「復次」下，引經委釋，二：初、眾經圓門，二：初、別示四門，三：初、約二經一往屬空，二：初、引《淨名》。不專引文，已含釋義。彼經文云「善意菩薩云：『生死涅槃為二。若見生死性則無生死，無縛無解、不然不滅。如是解者，是為入不二法門。』」彼疏釋云「生死是縛是然，涅槃是解是滅，為二。今觀生死性本來常寂，本自不縛何所論脫？又亦不然，豈應是滅？既無然滅，不復有二，是為入不二門。」

問：經疏但以中道之一，不於縛解然滅之二。今文何故更加非一？答：所言中者，體絕待對。若定是一，必須待二。善談中者必忘中也。故《末陀摩經》正詮中道，而以忘中名為中道。故自注云「末者，莫義。陀摩者，中義。即莫著中道也。」又復今文以彼善意所談不二，建立圓空釋普門義。若於三諦蕩之不盡，非畢竟空，豈成普邪？故知四依深諦中義，破用自由，不可執文難於妙解。

二、「何以」下，釋經義，二：初據本經釋。若真不二，必不存一。「亦名不有不無」者，圓教中道也。此中能破藏通二教單俗單真，故云「不有破假、不無破空」。又破別教複俗單真，故云「不有破二、不無破一」。蓋前三教各以二諦為縛解故。圓中能具三種二諦，具故融即，乃以融即破於不融令成不二。「若爾」下，明能融亦蕩。雖曰圓中，存則成待。二、「大經」下，例《涅槃》釋。《淨名》生死與涅槃不二、《大經》無明與明不二，二遣一亡，兩經義合。既其二邊與中俱蕩，名畢竟空，此乃約空明普門也。二、「三十」下，尋《淨名》門。門具四二：初、舉一品諸門。三十一菩薩妙德淨名，若說若默無非實相，當體為門。若就現文增勝而說，可以分對空等四門，及以第五不可說藏，皆名不二無非普門。二、「細尋」下，示圓義各四。大師妙解盡理而窮，見一一門具四門義，如向所引生死涅槃，二既即中、中亦即二，中即生死名妙有門、中即涅槃名妙空門。二即中道，中必遮照，雙照是第三門、雙遮即第四門。雖於一門，約義開四，此四皆悉攝法遍周，俱得名普。餘三十門既皆融二而歸不二，各四宛然。文殊以言顯於無言，淨名以默彰於無說。蓋示三諦體是祕藏，本絕言詮。既示三諦，豈非四門？復由向者三十一菩薩，皆從無說顯示四門，門門妙絕不可言思，得意之機隨其所聞，忘言而證；其失意者猶謂有說，莫契無生。故二大士以言以默，顯乎四門離言說相，則使彼彼四門之機，各於其門忘言趣理。須了無說，被四門機其功最大，故諸菩薩雖各興言不談一字，淨名杜口廣說四門，是則說時常默、默時常說。若不爾者，何故備舉三十三門，而言皆有四門義邪？非旋總持莫窮斯旨，細尋之說其致甚深。三、「肇師」下，就諸經分文對四。三十三門，門門具四。義雖成就，文且幽深。欲使咸知，故就顯文示四門相。肇注《淨名經》云「諸菩薩歷言法相，文殊言於無言。」山家準肇判屬二門。《思益》一切即邪即正，邪是俗有、正是真空。《華嚴》遊心遍入法界，豈非妙有？即達如空，豈非妙空？故此二經皆雙亦門也。復取淨名杜於言說，顯於諸法皆非二邊，示第四門其文甚顯。此則諸經據圓實理開乎四門，深而復廣皆是普門。二、「大品」下，通明普門。《大品》、《法華》三句明門，雖不別屬四門之數，而遍攝法皆是普門。四十二字，字字皆具三種般若，非縱非橫、而高而廣，故能互攝諸字功德。智門一門皆通實理，難入狹小其義相成。難入故狹、狹故難入，四十餘年調機方說。此門甚妙，非七方便能解能入，斯乃至廣而受狹名。二、「眾經」下，結門名普。此經開權永異諸部，顯示實理與昔圓同，故與眾經同明普門。四隨觀心並在《大本》第八辯體中明。謂隨彼根機種種差別，赴欲赴宜、赴治赴悟，故四門異說也。觀心者，若以教為門，即於四門隨門得悟，不須修觀，名信行人。若聞而不悟，應須修觀，名法行人。四教四門各有十觀，學者尋之。

二、別釋普門，二：初、標。二、「至理」下，釋，六：初、明中適。二、列十章。三、「上通」下，辯異通。十雙通釋既以十隻釋觀音人，即以十隻釋普門法，故云「通途已約法竟」。今之十門，於二嚴中，就福德論因果自他莊嚴法身。然是性德之行，還嚴於性。能所本亡，即非莊嚴莊嚴也。四、分別相。五、總生起，七：初、慈悲。菩提之心，非小智能發，必由曠濟之念而興無上之心。二、誓願。通釋慈悲即是誓願，不分兩門。今明弘誓能制慈悲，功力既殊，故須別立。又復慈悲通語與拔，誓依四諦別示要期。又慈通凡小，誓唯菩薩。三、修行。「福德財」者，即前四度。「神通力」者，即禪定之用。「智謀」即般若也。四、斷惑，二：初、引兩論二三道。修行斷惑及入法門，此之三門有開有合。若依《成論》斷即解脫，對於無礙只立二道。若依《毘曇》斷證不同，對於方便乃成三道。二、「引釋」下，依《釋論》用三道。菩薩有斷故行無礙，佛果無斷故行解脫。既分因果，不可合明，故用《毘曇》三道為次。故今列章，第三修行即方便道，第四斷惑即無礙道，五入法門即解脫道。五、神通。從初至五乃是自行，從因至果。今論化他，不出三密：第六神通即當身密，第七方便即是意密，第八說法即是口密。六、供佛。以法供養結於自行。七、度生。言「入諸法門」者，以中道實智入二諦權門，化度眾生同歸中道。

六、隨章釋，二：初、標。二、「始從」下，釋，三：初、且約十義釋普門，十：初、慈悲，二：初、約次第三慈通釋，二：初、就人標列。凡聖慈悲，三種攝盡。《大經》十四〈梵行品〉云「慈有三種：一緣眾生，二緣於法，三者無緣。眾生緣者，緣一切眾生如父母親想。法緣者，見一切法皆從緣生。無緣者，不住法相及眾生相。」《大論》二十亦云「慈有三種」，文意與《涅槃》大同。又論第五明悲，亦有眾生等三。《輔行》云「將三慈悲以對三諦，義甚顯了。」

## 觀音玄義記卷第三