密宗道次第廣論卷九
The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment, Volume 9
宗喀巴大師造
Composed by Master Tsongkhapa
法尊法師譯
Venerable Fazun's Translation
明預備儀軌次第品第六之二
Chapter 6, Part 2: Detailed Sequence of Preliminary Rituals
(巳四)釋所彈諸線之義分二:(午一)釋曼陀羅外線義,(午二)釋曼陀羅內線義。初中又二:(未一)釋圓線及牌樓線義,(未二)釋𣐟線至墻線義。初中又二:(申一)釋圓線及杵股線義,(申二)釋牌樓線義。今初
(D.4) Explanation of the meaning of the various drawn lines is divided into two parts: (E.1) Explanation of the meaning of the lines outside the mandala, (E.2) Explanation of the meaning of the lines inside the mandala. Within the first part, there are two sections: (F.1) Explanation of the meaning of the circular line and the archway line, (F.2) Explanation of the meaning of the lines from the vajra line to the wall line. Within the first section, there are two parts: (G.1) Explanation of the meaning of the circular line and the vajra-prong line, (G.2) Explanation of the meaning of the archway line. This is the first part.
線是分別宮殿相者,依所彈線應知如何修宮殿法,茲當解說。屍林,如《律生》及《十二穗論》應當了知。諸方火焰量相等者,是表光量均等之義,非不射往四分之外,故於火端不繪彩邊,以表放出無量,一切方所火燄熾然,其內之金剛墻,量厚質堅,是大輪圍山體。於所修義,下自風輪上至色究竟天,是此論師所許。故於金剛墻處當如是知。金剛自體或為五股或為三股或為雜杵,故於畫時亦如是繪。金剛與蓮鬘中間之圓線,《鬘論》說有兩派,自宗是表法生,所修有法生者,當如是知。若如勝樂等少數曼陀羅不修法生,則入法界之內,故許彼線表顯法界。他派說彼線是大輪圍山為體。火燄與金剛墻間之圓線。雖未明說表顯何事。若作輪圍體性,顯然是金剛墻所攝。金剛墻護輪之內端觸於法生線者,是蓮花葉。華葉在處即是法生。其內第一圓線,即蓮花鬚。從鬚至鬚,是圓蓮蕊。《鬘論》中有許從蓮鬚邊即為輪圍者,謂龍智云:「牌樓金剛端,其外為輪圍,杵鬘具妙光。」此說二金剛鬘為輪圍體。破云:「唯金剛墻是輪圍體,蓮鬚、蓮葉、法生皆非金剛墻攝,故非輪圍。然說雜杵端外,即為輪圍,故許彼等假名輪圍,則為善哉。」又因彼文說自杵外,即金剛墻之輪圍山,破彼許無蓮華及法生者,成立雜金剛杵在蓮華後,如云:「說無蓮華有雜杵者,是大錯誤。」故於說有雜杵,未明說有蓮華之教,堪為定量者之意趣,皆依有蓮華派解釋。以是故許從蕊此邊至蕊彼邊所有量度,即雜金剛從此股端至彼股端之所按壓。雜金剛臍,形為四方。從臍此邊至臍彼邊量有十二大分。線量兩派,於此義同。其上所安杵股長量,若線長九十六分者,有四大分。如六十四分者有二大分。《鬘論》破許股量十四分者,於前二種令成決定。故此師規,若許杵股為二大分,則牌樓量為一門量。唯以根本壇場兩倍為繩線量。若許杵股為四大分,則牌樓量為三門量,根本壇場及眷屬之兩倍為繩線量。
The line that distinguishes the palace's appearance indicates how to construct the palace according to the drawn line, and this will now be explained. The charnel ground should be understood as described in the *Vinaya Sutra* and the *Twelve Spikes Treatise*.
The flames in all directions being of equal size signifies that the light is evenly distributed, not that they do not extend beyond the four quarters. Therefore, no colored edges are drawn at the tips of the flames to represent their boundless emission, with flames blazing fiercely in all directions.
The inner vajra wall, thick and solid in substance, is the body of the great surrounding mountain range. Regarding what is being constructed, from the wind realm below to the Akaniṣṭha heaven above is what this master asserts. Therefore, the vajra wall should be understood in this way.
The vajra itself may be five-pointed, three-pointed, or a mixed vajra, so it should be drawn accordingly when painting.
Regarding the circular line between the vajra and the lotus garland, the *Mālā Treatise* mentions two schools. Our own school holds that it represents the Dharma-born. Those who construct the Dharma-born should understand it as such. If, as in a few maṇḍalas like Cakrasaṃvara, the Dharma-born is not constructed, then it is included within the Dharma realm. Therefore, that line is considered to represent the Dharma realm. Another school says that line is the body of the great surrounding mountain range.
The circular line between the flames and the vajra wall, though not explicitly stated what it represents, if taken as the nature of the surrounding mountain range, clearly belongs to the vajra wall.
The inner edge of the vajra wall's protective circle touches the Dharma-born line, which is the lotus petal. Where the lotus petal is, there is the Dharma-born. The first inner circular line is the lotus stamen. From stamen to stamen is the circular lotus pistil.
In the *Mālā Treatise*, some assert that from the edge of the lotus stamen is the surrounding mountain range. Nāgabodhi says: "Outside the gateway vajra tips is the surrounding mountain range, with vajra garlands adorned with splendid light." This describes the two vajra garlands as the body of the surrounding mountain range.
It is refuted: "Only the vajra wall is the body of the surrounding mountain range. The lotus stamen, lotus petal, and Dharma-born are not included in the vajra wall, so they are not the surrounding mountain range. However, saying that outside the mixed vajra tips is the surrounding mountain range, it would be excellent to consider them provisionally named as the surrounding mountain range."
Also, because that text says outside the vajra itself is the surrounding mountain range of the vajra wall, it refutes those who claim there is no lotus or Dharma-born, establishing that the mixed vajra is behind the lotus, as stated: "To say there is no lotus but there is a mixed vajra is a great error." Therefore, for teachings that mention a mixed vajra but do not explicitly mention a lotus, the intended meaning of authoritative sources should be interpreted according to the school that includes the lotus.
Thus, it is held that the measurement from this edge of the pistil to that edge of the pistil is the span pressed by the mixed vajra from the tip of one prong to the tip of another. The navel of the mixed vajra is square in shape. From this edge of the navel to that edge measures twelve major units. Both schools agree on this measurement.
The length of the vajra prongs placed above it: if the line measures ninety-six units, there are four major units. If it measures sixty-four units, there are two major units. The *Mālā Treatise* refutes those who claim the prong length is fourteen units, establishing the former two as definitive.
Therefore, according to this master's system: - If the vajra prongs are two major units, the gateway measurement is one door's size. Only twice the size of the root maṇḍala is taken as the cord measurement. - If the vajra prongs are four major units, the gateway measurement is three doors' size. Twice the size of the root maṇḍala and its retinue is taken as the cord measurement.
若爾,於臍何處安立雜金剛諸股耶?此中杵股四門量者,其金剛臍每方皆有十二門量,左捨四門,右捨四門,於中四門量邊起諸旁股。如《鬘論》云:「牌樓旁側懸幡處上,從摩竭陀魚口,出雜金剛諸股,略向外去,中寬三分,長十六分。」此於牌樓高三門量時說。彼時兩幡中有四門量故。摩竭陀魚口者,是彼所出諸股之根本故。以是旁股外邊,不可越過幡處外線,故於彼層之外繞股杵者不應道理。此派離去梵線左右各二門量而繞杵股,法以十六小分線量,鈎回二分,觀由何處牽線能到中股外端餘二分處,即可了知。此是杵股內線。門面門側與門等者,離去梵線左右二門量處,所出杵股外線,亦不可過柱之外線。更未見說繞杵股處較此長者。論說諸股略向外去之義,毘布底謂略直向前。說諸旁股長十二分,故與中股相等,然中股端較旁股端長二分者,是由旁股彎曲之故。即與餘處說金剛杵左右兩股與彼中間三段相等,(如普通杵,兩旁股之長量與中間臍之長量相等,故名三段相等。)亦不相違。餘處有說一方蓮蕊兩倍,即為一方華葉之量,然此蓮蕊極廣,華葉僅說二小分也。
如許股長二大分者,當從何處出生旁股?《鬘論》、《律生經疏》皆無明文。然《鬘論》中為證牌樓之柱,安於方台上之瓶中,引勝賢曼陀羅儀規文云:「鯨口至鯨口,牌樓三門量,從方台瓶出,直畫牌樓柱。」如初二句,說鯨魚口至鯨魚口,為門三倍。則於左右各捨十八小分中間,從有十二分處,出生旁股。如是亦順《空行海經》所說:「從柱頂處出,雜杵大光明。」此中亦說旁股觸處之外,杵之中股有二小分,故曲二分與前說同。此去梵線左右一門量半而繞杵股,法以八分之線,鈎回二分,觀從何處牽線能到中股即可了知。此是杵股內線。杵股外線,亦不可過柱之外線。
Regarding the two main sections of the vajra, from where do the side prongs emerge? Neither the *Mālā* nor the commentary on the *Vinayakalpa* provide explicit details. However, in the *Mālā*, to illustrate the pillars of the torana being placed in vases upon a square base, it cites a passage from the *Jinaputra Maṇḍala Vidhi*:
"From makara mouth to makara mouth, the torana's three gates are measured; from the vases on the square base, the torana pillars are drawn straight."
As the first two lines indicate, the distance from one makara mouth to the other is three times the width of a gate. Thus, on the left and right, setting aside eighteen minor divisions in the middle, the side prongs emerge from the point where there are twelve divisions. This also aligns with the statement in the *Khaḍgaviṣāṇa Sāgara Sūtra*:
"From the top of the pillar emerge the side prongs, the great radiance of the vajra."
Here it is also said that outside the point where the side prongs touch, the central prong of the vajra has two minor divisions; thus, the curve of two divisions matches the previous explanation. From here, to the left and right of the central line, at a distance of one and a half gate-widths, the vajra prongs curve. The method is to use a line of eight divisions, hooking back two divisions; observe from where the line can be drawn to reach the central prong, and this will be understood. This refers to the inner line of the vajra prongs. The outer line of the vajra prongs must also not extend beyond the outer line of the pillar.
杵股量有長短二派,有說於股中央繞一圓線,自此邊至彼邊,前者(股長者)是四大分,後者(股短者)為二大分。然若每方作三股者不須彼線。若作五股,則自中股中央直往左右以及前後,前者(股長者)各二門量,後者(股短者)各有一門量半。前者旁股之最粗處說有三分,中股未有明文。諸師長說為一門量。杵股短者,未明了說粗處之量,然應同前。
The length of the vajra's prongs is divided into two types: long and short. Some say that a circular line is drawn around the center of the prong, measuring from one side to the other. The former (long prongs) are four major parts in length, while the latter (short prongs) are two major parts. However, if each side has three prongs, that line is not needed. If there are five prongs, then from the center of the middle prong, measure straight to the left and right, as well as forward and backward. The former (long prongs) measure two door-widths each, while the latter (short prongs) measure one and a half door-widths each. The thickest part of the former's side prongs is said to be three parts, but there is no clear specification for the middle prong. Most masters say it is one door-width. For short prongs, the thickness is not clearly stated, but it should be the same as the former.
(申二)釋牌樓線義
(Section Two)
若爾,後者說牌樓量為門三倍不應道理,以自下層此邊至彼邊間,有十四小分故。然彼無過,言三倍者,非說牌樓頂之平量,是說基之寬量,基亦無墻。唯是二柱根本之間,門面門側與門等者,鬘論說為四倍,亦是二柱間也。其面側與門不等,牌樓高為三門量者,則二柱間有十四分。其摩羯陀魚口至彼魚口雖有十六小分,然牌樓中心之寬量,是說二柱之間。柱外雖有懸幡之處,然彼是頂邊所懸之莊嚴,非下寬量之所攝故。
If that is the case, then the later claim that the width of the torana (ceremonial archway) should be three times the width of the door would be unreasonable, because from one side of the lower level to the other, there are fourteen small units. However, this is not an error. When it says "three times," it does not refer to the flat width of the top of the torana, but to the width of the base. The base also has no walls. It simply refers to the space between the two main pillars. The Mālā commentary states that when the front and side of the door are equal to the door itself, the width should be four times, which also refers to the space between the two pillars. When the front and side are not equal to the door, and the height of the torana is three times the door's width, then the space between the two pillars is fourteen units. Although from the mouth of one makara (mythical sea creature) to the other there are sixteen small units, the width at the center of the torana refers to the space between the two pillars. Although there are areas outside the pillars for hanging banners, these are decorative elements suspended from the edges of the top and are not included in the measurement of the lower width.
若爾,牌樓齊幾許寬?如曼陀羅四方之墻,任何外出,終不能越雜金剛臍。如是牌樓下部寬量,終不能過雜金剛杵左右二股。又牌樓柱決定不在雜金剛臍,若依所繪有暗層者,從門側前去一小分,即到雜金剛臍之邊,故臍盡處有牌樓柱。若如所繪無暗層者,則門側外線之下端,與雜金剛臍邊相齊,次去一分空隙之界,有牌樓柱。此於門側外端平去一分處作一切皆同。
In that case, how wide is the archway? Like the four walls of a mandala, any outward movement ultimately cannot cross beyond the mixed vajra navel. Similarly, the width of the archway's lower portion ultimately cannot exceed the two prongs of the mixed vajra to the left and right. Moreover, the archway pillars are definitely not located at the mixed vajra navel. If following the depiction where there is a hidden layer, moving forward a small distance from the side of the gate reaches the edge of the mixed vajra navel, so at the end of the navel, there are archway pillars. If, as depicted, there is no hidden layer, then the lower end of the outer line at the gate's side aligns with the edge of the mixed vajra navel, and then, after a gap of one unit, there are archway pillars. This is the same for all cases when moving one unit horizontally from the outer edge of the gate's side.
有於面側與門等者而作暗層,與諸大車說從根線至垜口線唯八小分而成相違。說柱高度僅有五分,有最下層不能蓋覆柱端之過。故所繪者當缺闇層。
高度一門量者,從梵線左右各去六分處而出旁股,如前已說,若於彼界而作闇層,云何彼層可出旁股?故齊彼界理應安柱。於所繪中少闇層者,非是所修義中,門與牌樓中間無空而不作闇層也。如《鬘論》云:「有說牌樓之柱從墻線起量長七分,不應道理,以牌樓諸柱離宮殿稍遠,一一皆安於四方台上故。由在平地見其如與供台相連,故於台外當繪此等。」此以諸柱離宮殿稍遠為因,而破許諸柱從墻線起者,所破敵者,非於所繪分別有無暗層而許如是。所出責難亦未分辨所繪有無闇層,乃是總破如是許者。故言離宮殿稍遠者,是依牌樓總相而說。
具《密彈線儀軌》亦云:「牌樓一大分,離宮頂一分,門與多惹那(牌樓),不應過密接。」彌底大師破許一門量之牌樓與門相連。自宗宣說台與柱間不應太遠,又說彼二下基相等。故於臍上似與台界中無間隔,應從台線繪出。雖台實在臍上,柱從臍出,然亦顯示不應有高下也。
略遠之量,《鬘論》說闇層一小分,即是彼量。故曼陀羅與牌樓之空隙,亦有名之為中層者。以是所修闇層,非在二柱之中,乃在門與牌樓之間。牌樓之柱,即在所繪對直而有,寬為一分,長為五分。下有方台,台上有瓶,柱由瓶出。此是彼一切之總量。柱根柱端嵌飾眾寶,中繪獅子伸手上承。有說於柱中段作圓鏡者。
柱之數量,《教授穗》等諸大論說每方各有二柱。
懸幢幡者,牌樓下層,與柱擎持之間。若有梁者,即懸梁上,若無梁者,懸於寶簷。彼上嵌有寶雲,窮其艶麗,懸諸紅黃色等雜色飄帶,寶柄小拂。此亦如所繪者懸掛,故非柱上莊嚴。有說幡處,從象身上獅子口中,懸掛眾寶瓔珞。此非說是從獅子口懸諸綵幡,是說於幡幢旁,從象身上獅子口中懸掛瓔珞之規。
牌樓諸層由下至上,謂金、水簷、寶、蹄、闇、嚩惹那、闇、水簷、寶蹄、垜。此諸層中二等(厚薄相等)九等。或於三門量及一門量之牌樓,作五等三三等,自下至上,謂水簷、寶、蹄、金、魚、金、蹄、寶、蹄、金、垜。有於初規(二等九等者)最下層處,說無金磚,而為升斗。論云:「於馬蹄層與嚩惹那諸邊,盡其美妙,安諸幢幡。亦可安列獅子、八足獅子、鵝王、孔雀、緊那羅及緊那羅女。」故以彼等有情形像,擎持二闇層之上層,如應當作。榜師所譯作八足虎。
論云:「牌樓當懸雜色寶蓋、瓔珞、寶繐。」謂在曲線之內。「瓔珞等者,義謂從上鯨魚口內懸諸珠串,盡美應作。」珠串即鬘。曲線以內留半分者,為畫寶等。藏地諸師,說於闇層安放除暗寶珠。
論云:「第十一層,有說唯鹿無諸箭垜。龍智破云:安住瓶柱上,牌樓門三倍,具有方箭垜,如鈴聲宣揚。此說輪座之側,牝牡鹿尾之後,各有二垜。」言有方者是二之名。有方義通鳥及上弦下弦,故跋剎譯為鳥,是譯者過。故鹿非在垜上,是在垜層。後二垜上,有猴持傘。頂有初月寶珠金剛。其傘寶柄長三小分。白傘周幔高二小分,掛雀舌帶,亦有說懸紅絹與飄帶者。傘量有說六分,有說:「上柄寂靜量,傘幔量亦爾。」論說有此兩派。《鬘論》引教證云:「四小八寂靜。」此謂門之八分名曰寂靜。最外二垜之上,應作一小分之幢幡。
杵股已說。輪者,謂具足十輻之法輪,寬量二分,其座蓮月,在第十一層上。此座左右箭垜層處,有牝牡鹿,首望法輪。離輪半分許處而住。連頸共有一分,仰首眼望輪頂。有說:「具八幅法輪,具五分量輞。」謂輞量是一小分中五分之一。十輻之輪亦同。於諸輻間,可見中股(杵之中股)。此是所繪,所修義中則為竪立。
牌樓左右,非太遠處,諸如意樹生寶瓶中。具足輪等七寶。輪寶八輻黃色,象寶六牙白色,馬寶色綠,女寶紺色二八年華,珠寶黃色具足六楞,長者紅色具無盡藏,兵臣黑色身披甲鎧手執鎗劍,是《光顯密意論》所說。經說珠寶藍色八楞,當如是繪。《鬘論》未說彼等行相。於空隙處繪諸得成就者,於諸雲中,繪諸天子手執華鬘。
(未二)釋垜線至墻線義分二:(申一)釋墻線義,(申二)釋磚線至垜線義。今初
墻之五重,論中說有上下重叠及內外五層之兩派,未說何者應理,然以後者為善。以五重墻說為一分,是厚量故。於所繪中多明顯說內外五重即所修義,亦無不可之理。有說:「彼五重墻共祇門量四分之一,每重為門量二十分之一。故是相觸未合,中無空隙。然燈賢云:應畫諸紋間,麥許未相觸。又云:門分二十分,平均畫諸紋,此是自語相違。」此言過矣,若爾《律生經》云:「諸紋畫之間,麥許應彈繪。」應亦相違。以墻為門四分之一,是彼規故,於墻厚量分為五分,即門二十分之一故。故彼二說,是依根線一肘量者而說,門量四分之一,有五麥又四分之一。故是每紋此至彼邊作一麥量,非是二紋中間有一麥量。雖餘一麥四分之一,然就粗算,捨而未計。未相觸者,如答日迦跋云:「麥許未相雜,應繪一切紋。」是諸彩土互不相雜之義,非說中空未觸。又寂靜論師云:「言麥許未觸者,謂下分量,其上隨美而作。」意說所繪,墻基稍粗有一麥量,上無彼量,非所修義。說門二十分之一與一麥量之意趣,至下當說。
墻所到界,若是面側與門等者,則門側五重墻,俱達於雜金剛臍之邊際。此有門側之梁,如《鬘論》云:「龍智菩薩,謂門側二線上之線,即為橫梁,是故不許中隙闇層,與上頂層。」彼線有十四分,然梁安於墻內門側,直至對方門側之間。若於門側前面安梁,則超雜金剛臍,不應道理。故長為十二分,寬為一分。此派於門側之梁上,決定不作五重墻也。
如面側門不等而牌樓作三門量者,於所繪者亦有闇層,故從門側之端至雜金剛臍邊,中有一分。於彼中間有墻相連,此中門側內線之端,直至對方內線之端,線長八分,即是梁長八分。此是《鬘論》及隨行者所說。次門側外線之端至對方外線之端,線長十分,即是支梁升斗處或頂簷處或是梁上五色墻處。此是《鬘論》所說。藏地諸師有作此說:二線中間寬一小分,作五色墻,就所繪說。約所修者,墻在門側八分梁上,是故門與牌樓,中空二分。彼說非理。梁上五墻,即門側五墻之相續,彼等不當間斷。以是門側前之五墻,是於梁上而來,須如所繪而築,故於門與牌樓之中絕非如彼所說。若門側內墻界至外墻界,平頭截斷,則與《鬘論》「第四四小分」,說門側外線長四小分而成相違。論說梁有八分,不應錯誤,彼是正說門側內端互望之量,非謂彼外便無梁到。以是門側之前內外五墻非全平齊,實有長短。梁為斜形,漸漸長至外墻之端。故梁外端,約略未滿十小分也。此說或一大梁,或具升斗,故梁寬量如是。如說門側外端至對方之外端,線有十分,亦說彼為五色之處,除外層色,內四層色皆無十分。如是梁為八分,但依內面說,非謂外面定為彼量,《律生經釋》亦云:「八小分上梁,應知為十分。」有說為十分者,彼就一門量(牌樓之量)者而說。此中門側下邊應如何作雖未明說,然非如側面門等者五墻相齊。若覺不美(五層墻有長短,故不美),於橫斷處略向內斜即可美觀。
若牌樓作一門量者,門側內外皆須長於門面,如前已成。故門側外層墻直到雜金剛臍邊。梁處在下,五色墻在上,門頂通彼二上。故凡側臉與門不等者,梁上之墻與門側之墻相連,如所繪者甚為美觀。
如是三派,門側梁下所繪雖無柱,然修時應有。論云:「四方有四門,八柱而莊嚴。」若謂彼是壇內八柱,故所證不成者,不應道理,以內八柱,如勝樂等壇中非有。言:「八柱而莊嚴。」是一切曼陀羅之共規故。藏地諸師有作是說:「有四方壇有一門者,有圓壇塲具四門者,如《空行海經》及《最上訓釋》亦說勝樂壇內有八柱者,故說彼通一切曼陀羅者,乃此論師未住正知。」此是未知對方意趣。《鬘論》說通一切曼陀羅者,引「八柱而莊嚴」一句,未引「四方有四門」故。是故雖有圓壇與方壇一門者,全無妨難。四方四門為八柱之所莊嚴處,八柱乃能莊嚴。故凡四方四門之曼陀羅,皆有八柱莊嚴。非是說一切曼陀羅皆爾。勝樂曼陀羅雖有八柱者,亦無妨難。此中四方四門之勝樂曼陀羅,但有一內無八柱者即定。以是說四方四門定有八柱,破說八柱是內柱故。
若謂意指門旁八柱,云:「八柱而莊嚴。」不須顯示門側梁下之柱。論云:「四方有四門,八柱而莊嚴。」此說所莊嚴處,顯見是指宮殿。門旁諸柱乃牌樓柱應思云何可引彼釋。有以門側梁下有柱為因,便說門框等三互相重叠。論說彼等未解經義,意謂若重豎者,門面之處不能懸空,門側之墻無從建立,故無門側之梁,其下亦無柱也。
(申二)釋磚線至垜線義
磚簷安於墻上,乃至門側之端隨墻而有。如《鬘論》云:「於寶磚層有三角,點形四方,平圓依次嵌飾眾寶,乃至柱旁。」此說乃至柱旁意指所繪。諸師說磚出墻半分,若爾,則有半分安於墻上。網鬘層處,論中僅說四金鍱外從摩羯陀魚口懸諸瓔珞及半瓔珞。未說於磚簷上為何所有。藏地諸師以論中說磚上為黑色,故說於中空處,有寶升斗用支金鍱,高量如所繪者。其中瓔珞,謂紅線串真珠為鬘,中有摩尼,兩旁上下皆以金鑲。半瓔珞者,論謂瓔珞兩旁所懸,較瓔珞略短之寶鬘。此亦顯瓔珞為曲者。於半瓔珞之端,有懸金鑲大珠,有懸寶柄小拂,有於鈴中懸諸小拂。論說此三,故於一一端上隨懸一種,間錯莊嚴。有餘師說,於前所說半瓔珞旁,懸可意之花鬘,再於彼側懸種種衣。若如此說,則半瓔珞成五重或四重。又餘師論,說懸花鬘及懸衣鬘之半瓔珞。懸此之處,有說為諸空隙,有說為諸角處。瓔珞之中,有作蓮花初月,上有日輪半杵莊嚴。有懸寶者,有於華上安圓滿杵(非半杵也)。寶水簷者,論說是從房簷垂下,故是四金鍱上頂簷椽端所懸。如何繪水簷者,論云:「有說於七小分寶水簷處繪諸珍寶。」此說繪水簷與繪寶二法,然未明說水簷應如何繪。藏地師說如瓶無嘴頭底倒懸。或說如舊式骨莊嚴薩惹剎端之相。後說與恰師譯龍智《曼陀羅儀軌》云:「薩惹剎及升鬘等。」譯水簷為薩惹剎者相合。此又名跋姑利。《鬘論》於水簷時說從頂簷懸掛。此頂簷者,諸師謂於正宮殿頂之外,另安頂簷。
箭垜所在及其量度,如《鬘論》云:「如八分之箭垜,宮殿莊嚴。若離箭垜,則寶水簷猶如斷頭,即不如是。諸大寺廟,現見如是。故此所繪曼陀羅之箭垜,乃至綵幡之線。所修之曼陀羅,則至門側之上。《金剛鬘經》亦說旁有諸箭垜故。」此說若從根線去八小分在第八小分處,宮殿莊嚴,若在七分以內,則諸水簷猶如斷頭極不美觀。故應作在水簷之上。箭垜,梵語迦羅摩希日喀,直譯為頭次第,亦有譯升鬘者。論說此於所繪雖僅通至綵幡之線。然所修者,直通門側之上。故彼下之水簷,瓔珞半瓔珞寶磚等,亦有爾許。箭垜之形,《鬘論》中說半花葉形。論說彩土墻上,寶磚、瓔珞、半瓔珞、水簷等次第重叠。此中所說之彩土墻,是於五色墻上說彩土名,莫執唯是所繪彩土。然諸水簷在瓔珞半瓔珞之外,非如所繪頂簷寬量。印度論中未見明說,藏地諸師說與欲層(廊下之台)邊齊。然於門框及門面處難容彼量,故立壇時,一高一下,應隨美觀而作。
台階(廊下之欲層)如所繪者,修時亦同,門處間斷非有。是故又名四緣、陀羅尼層、舞層。雖未明說於彼安布諸尊,然當安立各種各色舞狀之天女也。
門與門框等界,初月之上安有紅黃綠黑隨一種寶,其上更有半杵或以全杵莊嚴。從月至杵共一小分。《鬘論》引文證在外界而作。頌云:「台內外角處,有日月寶杵,杵飾或唯寶,智者依次繪。」若如此說,則欲層內外角,皆應作月日等。論云:「四方半花葉形垜上於金瓶或寶瓶,有八幢幡。」此是四方共有八幢八幡。非是一方即有十六或有八幡。安立幡處,有說是箭垜層而非箭垜,或是箭垜側間。然論明說是半花葉形之垜上,故是箭垜。插於彼二側間之瓶口中。幢者,繫於寶桿,上有初月寶珠金剛之頂,三條絹帶繫諸鳴鈴,端有獸王、鵝王、食龍、毛魚、鯨魚莊嚴。風飄動時,成為三屈形相端嚴。諸鈴發出錫錫之音,并有小拂。其作有情形像之端,即是絹條舌端。幡除有情形像,餘與前同。此等每方四個。四角垜上,當作四傘,量如牌樓上者。
(午二)釋曼陀羅內線義
宮殿中央有九格金剛鬘層者,如《勝吉祥釋》云:「為表諸佛常無間斷善轉金剛乘法輪故,八柱上有圓金剛鬘周徧圍繞。」此說柱上安有金剛圓梁。若唯如彼所說,未在地上作者,則不能知齊何界限,為內曼陀羅之差別。故凡無有雙層門者,地上亦應有如是墻。圓墻中央,主尊處外之方層者,《鬘論》說名主尊標幟,或主尊層。地上亦應有之。諸餘尊處之外,各方所彈兩線之間,是立柱處。有許彼為梁者不應道理。如龍智云:「內中繪八柱,金剛妙莊嚴,其中分九孔,於金剛柱間。」多作是說。第十八《穗論》云:「由四無碍解清淨故,於彼之上有四橫梁。以能荷負利他擔故。」此說柱上有四橫梁。《金剛頂經》說主尊座量八萬踰繕那,四如來座各六萬踰繕那。故中央格當較大於四方諸格四分之一,藏地智者說於繪時,雖為柱線隔斷無容彼處,修竪起時,即無彼柱故可容受。然主尊處四邊方格,非梁交叉所成中孔,以所繪中未繪梁故。亦非是柱,乃以判別主尊位者,故於修竪起時,亦應有彼,若於繪時,不可大小,則應修時,亦不可能。是故彼派,說五佛處有其廣狹。若依彼說,則不能依原線大小相等,當於所繪亦大四分之一。若如彈線繪布壇場,四角有天,似稍難畫,然主尊處,有大差別。
《鬘論》雖廣說彈線法,然未明說葢頂之法。堪依據之梵典亦未明說。故是總葢宮頂,抑為別葢兩層(內外兩層,非上下兩層)宮頂,極難決定。
藏中智者說如《憍薩羅》(釋迦友造)云:「一一直對門處各有二柱,一端依金剛線,一端依曼陀羅中心。」此說柱根自墻,柱端達曼陀羅中央,有四大分。准此道理,外壇頂量,亦為寬之半量。五重墻量高三大分及一小分,磚一小分,瓔珞等處有二小分。此與內梁高量相等。佛密亦云:「於內有八柱,擎持四梁端,四梁孔格處,覆二十八椽,座頂如所應。」此說自梵線與根線合處,內去一大分,平去五小分,安立八柱,寬量一分,用持諸梁而覆其頂。
傳為佛密所造論中,未見明說內有別宮。故是葢覆根本曼陀羅法,然未見說柱安何處及說頂之厚量。彼釋迦友之教,雖未明說柱長有四大分。然總觀諸無內壇者,以及二種《集密》等之有者,如是葢頂似為應理,當審觀察。傳為佛密所造論云:「外形如塔寨,王宮及帳幕。」此說外形如塔、城寨、王宮、帳幕四種隨一。傳為蓮花生所造之論中,雖亦宣說,然不可信。藏地諸師有說從頂至基,量等宮內量寬,亦未見有確證。諸餘內線易解。如勝樂者,雖須廣說,恐煩且止。
密咒軌則,初作法器時須入壇灌頂。中修二次第瑜伽時,亦須修能所依之曼陀羅瑜伽而進諸道。後證果時,亦須以能所依之相而成正覺。於彼一切,曼陀羅為最要,曼陀羅相,應以彈線決擇,線以《金剛鬘論》最為明決。故依彼派而善解說。彈線儀軌已竟。
(辰二)應如何修天預備
前略標時,說坐壇中或向西坐之二派者,是自修現觀之坐處。若修天預備時當說由東向西。於曼陀羅地基塗諸妙香散布眾花,以五甘露所和香水,於諸尊位作曼陀羅。此復五部主處作為方壇,餘作圓形。如《金剛空行》云:「遍塗五甘露,於諸如來位,作檀等方壇,所餘諸尊處,各別作圓壇。」慧鎧於勝樂六十二尊時,亦如是說。故空行母等四處,亦應作方形。准此道理餘亦應知。
龍智及然燈賢、《鬘論》,除散花外未說餘花。薩惹哈、答日迦跋、不空足於諸尊處亦說安花。後者是於香點中央安花為座,此亦如安花堆非是修彼為天。答日迦跋說以各尊真言而安置花。
論說:「次如前說於各尊處修各三昧耶輪,次從自心種子放光,召請安住虛空智輪入彼身中。」彼即前地軌時昇虛空者,如是入智尊已。
隨應安於蓮上月座或日座上,供養稱讚嘗受甘露。此論與《四百五十頌》皆說有座,故安座之宮殿亦應先修。跋縛跋陀羅說天輪剎那生起,與住空者合為一處。然《歡喜金剛羯摩次第儀軌》等亦說於各尊種子生起。故所緣明了者,即可頓生。若不明了,從種子等依次而生。餘更應修灌頂及印證等。
供養數量,如答日迦跋云:「燈等諸供物,如諸尊數供,不應減於十。」謂應與諸尊數量等,不具者,亦不應少於十供。設供品法,藏地諸師說預備供設為方形,故有於墻上供,有於各尊之前作方形者。然依通規即可。
持祥與毳衣大師等於此雖不說修三昧耶尊,唯請智尊作供讚等,然詳彼等意趣,當如薩惹哈、難勝月、黑行論師、答日迦跋、《鬘論》等說生三昧耶召入智尊,最為善哉。
(卯三)瓶預備分四:(辰一)明瓶之因量數,(辰二)瓶物及畫相法,(辰三)如何陳設諸瓶,(辰四)修瓶法及支分。今初
因者,《金剛空行經》云:「金銀銅瓦隨一,及隨力所能而作瓶。」謂除彼四,鍮石等類亦可。量者,《時輪》中說息災增益之瓶,腹圓十有六指,從腹之下至瓶口邊,高二十指,從瓶口處至所懸邊,量為二指。瓶項量高六指,從懸唇此邊至彼邊,共有八指,其中二分為項孔量,一分為二唇之寬量。愛敬瓶量亦爾。諸餘續說:「瓶無根本及諸黑色,唇懸,項長,腹大。」一根本者,謂瓶座。無黑色者,若本性白即可,不,則應用米粉或白石粉或白檀泥,塗染令白。亦說用石灰及白土塗染。唇者,非如通常所說,乃從口邊之所懸者。《明顯雙運論》云:「此等諸瓶內,尊勝應具相,以齊八指量,項高而端嚴,腹寬五張手,若小於此量,施主不吉祥,遠離諸黑色,不與根本連,全無諸孔隙,如是無破裂。」說尊勝瓶應具彼相,餘不決定。數者,此論師說,曼殊金剛,廣者,隨諸尊數之瓶,又加一事業瓶。略者,一尊勝瓶一事業瓶,或唯一尊勝瓶。或隨宮內天數,或依五如來數,或如不動金剛,略攝為佛、佛母、菩薩、菩薩母、明王,而作五瓶。如勝樂者,依五輪數用五瓶等。宣說眾多略攝規則,准此等理餘亦應知。《明顯雙運論》引《善住續》云:「彩土隨天數,或五八九瓶。」准此等理數量隨宜應知。
(辰二)瓶物及畫相法
瓶內裝幾許物?如《金剛空行》第四十六云:「五藥五寶穀,氷片紫檀等,藥水善充滿。」又說五香。五寶謂珍珠、金、瑪瑙、珊瑚、水晶。若無瑪瑙,可用銀或銅螺隨一。若無水晶可用摩尼。五藥謂枳哈底、根札迦日、白阿跋惹姊達、紅白二種敦札鄔曇缽羅,即棍鄔曇缽羅。初者有云虎刺。第三即白難勝。〈灌頂品〉中亦數白芨為一。五穀者,謂胡麻、大麥、莞荳、稻、麥。恰師所譯說以辛枳鄔代替小麥。榜師所譯及〈灌頂品〉說替稻米。其辛枳鄔與摩辛得鄔,諸師說即大豆小豆。五穀五藥,《金剛空行經》說與此稍異。此論說用五種甘露所和香水。香者,如答日迦跋云:「氷片紅花檀,紫檀及麝香。誦咒而注入。」即是五香,共五種五。慧鎧論師又說五藏,共六種五三十瓶物。言五藏者,如智金剛《摧壞釋》云:「地藏胡麻,水藏海鹽,穀藏酥油,果藏甘蔗,花藏蜂蜜。」
次荅日迦跋云:「熏辟魔為先,滿注妙香水。」如慧鎧論師說善洗諸瓶,用黑香熏,芥子打而驅魔,誦甘露瓶等一切事業咒,而為守護。
灌瓶之水,如日生論師說:「取未經牛馬等所涉之水,莫觸餘器。」當取淨水,無諸虫類,和以妙香中量注入(非太滿)。莎惹哈說水中和以乳酒。
於何瓶中裝何物者?如此論說:「若貧乏者,尊勝羯摩二瓶裝寶為藏。非餘諸瓶。此復尊勝瓶中定須裝寶。」餘諸瓶物似裝不裝皆可。不空足說主尊瓶中裝穀藥寶,諸餘瓶中滿注香水。寂靜論師與跋嚩跋陀羅亦說穀藥等物裝尊勝瓶。寂靜論師說其理由,謂尊勝瓶為主,多諸作用,是與餘瓶差別之義。此是四百五十頌說。
裝諸物法,慧祥師說穀藥五甘露等先誦主尊真言一百八遍加持,用布包裹,繫於瓶口莊嚴,用香熏後裝入瓶中。然跋嚩跋陀羅與毘布底說注瓶中,當如是作。作怖天說以裝瓶物之器安置瓶上,非是正義。加持彼諸物之真言,謂:「嗡奔𱒤北沙則阿吽,嗡奔𱒤惹那阿吽,嗡奔𱒤北伽阿吽,嗡奔𱒤伽惹北阿吽,嗡奔𱒤阿彌得阿吽。」慧鎧論師說是五藥、五寶、五穀、五藏、五甘露咒。其五香咒為:「嗡奔𱒤根得阿吽。」
繫於瓶項之衣為白黃紅三色,亦有書說加綠及青,故用彼等隨一。餘多有說繫一雙布及花鬘者。《金剛空行經》云:「項纏雙新布。」謂纏二層新布。作怖天許各瓶項布順各尊色,然無確證。
又龍智云:「以廣大白衣,應繫於瓶項,智者以白線,如法纏衣上。」有隨順此說誦吽字七遍,加持七縷白線而纏。纏線咒謂:「嗡班𱒤協喀惹,茹札摩札,底嚮跋那答吽。」毘布底說以此線纏項衣。然餘經說順息災等事業繫五色線,故是非唯用白之據。《金剛空行經》說「以染色線飾」故。此項莊嚴,多說為布,亦有總名曰衣。三昧耶金剛說名為曩補(衣之一種)。若有清淨新布即以彼作,若無新布,如其所應用絹等作,亦有曼陀羅儀軌說布須未壞邊者。繫項結法,梵典曼陀羅儀軌中皆無明文。佛密論師《摧壞金剛疏》云:「繫未作餘用之淨布,作三髻形。」當如是作。
瓶口莊嚴,如《金剛空行經》云:「口滿鮮樹葉。」曼陀羅儀軌中多說用有葉樹莊嚴其口。《總續》亦說用諸上菜樹葉嚴飾瓶口。諸曼陀羅儀軌多說樹為阿摩羅等五樹。此論亦說。然彼等樹藏地難得,故凡有果葉之香樹即可。《金剛空行經》云:「吉祥草墊下。」說以吉祥草為瓶墊,未說莊嚴瓶口。諸可依曼陀羅儀軌,亦未說吉祥草為口莊嚴,但說以有葉等樹作。經云:「摩尼芥茅草。」釋云:「茅草者即青茅,為吉祥故,具足新葉,應插七吉祥草及孔雀翎。」佛密此文非說瓶口莊嚴。即彼論云:「其口為吉祥故,用無憂等果樹莊嚴,其上置金剛杵繫吉祥線。」說以此等為莊嚴故。以是插茅草者,如《智金剛釋》說於繫項上塗以牛糞,為遮魔碍等故,於上插七茅草。雖毘摩羅彌札與樂苗論師說茅草為口莊嚴。然彼不順《秘密總續》,故不取為定量。縱許茅草為口莊嚴,亦非以吉祥草為口莊嚴之據。若捨無上部所說口莊嚴而取事部之教,亦不得成。
此等之清淨者(即表法),《歡喜金剛羯磨次第儀軌》說藥穀及諸寶,如其次第為曼陀羅諸尊菩提心、意、身色之相。《等合曼陀羅儀軌》云:「瓶是諸尊處,口項飾牌樓,繩線大悲相,五藥悲覺心,穀是天本性,五寶為身光,藏為心智界,香等勝戒德。」此是姑姑惹𱒤所說。
畫相諸法,尊勝瓶上,於法生中畫蓮花月輪或是日輪。諸餘瓶上,於蓮華月輪或日輪。其上畫各尊種子或幖幟。如龍智云:「一切諸壇尊,種子或幖幟,調和紅花等,智者畫瓶側。」第三句明用墨,第四句明畫處,即畫於瓶上也。畫法生者是寂靜論師派。標幟顏色,如《金剛空行》云:「幟隨各尊色。」字色亦應如是。若唯一瓶,前面畫主尊相,左邊畫一切事業相。若許四方畫毘盧等相者,則於毘盧相處畫主尊相。亦有論說於瓶口上畫主尊相。又有他派許佛眼等相,亦畫於四方,俱如《鬘論》所說。
(辰三)如何陳設諸瓶
論說兩派,謂設於所修曼陀羅東方等位。及向北坐而預備自在方所有諸瓶。前者謂於天預備曼陀羅之外,東等方隅安設諸瓶。主尊之瓶置於中央。後者如於彩土曼陀羅中,安置幖幟次第,於一一香曼陀羅上,設順各尊吉祥草等座位,安布曼陀羅相。答日迦跋、慧鎧論師說安八瓶於四門及四隅,第九設於中央。答日迦跋說於東門左側安立業瓶。安布諸瓶總有二時,此是預備時安布也。
(辰四)修瓶法及支分
應於瓶上安置吽字所咒之螺水或顱器,若無此等,瓦器亦可。《明顯雙運論》云:「於瓶瓦盃上,安置金剛杵。」《四百五十頌本釋》與毳衣大師亦說於香水器安置金剛。持祥論師等多不安螺水,說將有花鬘之金剛安置瓶口,於螺盃中如所獲得五種甘露及以香水誦:「嗡班𱒤阿彌多迦叉吽。」及三字七遍而咒之。如《鬘論》說:「由咒七遍智慧甘露,金剛微塵為性。」此說誦彼咒時,觀想智慧甘露及諸水微,成為金剛自性。咒義亦爾。故金剛水非以灌注水時執金剛於瓶口而注得名。由尊勝是諸瓶之主,作用眾多,故此論說於彼瓶口安置螺水。餘瓶不爾。於彼螺上置金剛杵中繫花鬘誦:「嗡禱得禱得摩訶禱得得娑訶。」想召殑伽河水與瓶水成一體,後生為天。寶鎧論師、毘布底等亦如是說。次先辟魔清淨,從榜字中修成寶瓶。《鬘論》兩譯俱如是說。寂靜、勝賢、寶鎧、毘布底說亦爾。答日迦跋、慧鎧論師說從字而生宮殿,次於瓶中剎那想成天輪及諸座位。從自心中種子放光召請智輪於前,供獻浴足洗面閼伽,令入智尊。由大貪溶化為菩提心性,想與先注之水合為一味。論說於相亦想三昧耶與智尊合一。故亦修諸相為各三昧耶尊與智尊相合。於業瓶中生為一切業尊。寶鎧及毘布底亦如此說,然未明說某瓶應修某尊。龍智與《四百五十頌本釋》、毳衣大師、黑行論師、難勝月等亦未明說。慧鎧師云:「於尊勝瓶中,應剎那而想,圓滿諸天輪,餘瓶想天輪,隨從諸部眾。」《歡喜金剛羯摩次第儀軌》亦說主尊瓶中俱修諸尊。不空足說主尊瓶中但修主尊,諸餘瓶中以三段法而修各尊。與此論師意趣相順。以誦咒時說主尊瓶,誦主尊咒或誦鄔答迦咒,未說誦持餘咒,餘尊瓶中各誦彼自咒故。以是應知若唯二瓶或一瓶者,則主尊瓶中應修一切天。若瓶較多,當觀由諸尊門如何攝瓶,即於彼瓶修彼諸尊。若不修瓶為宮殿者,主尊瓶中,若不俱修諸尊,雖無宮殿但修座位即可。生起之法,不空足與𱒤耶茜那說由三段法生。故如天預備時所說而修。海生所造《二觀察經疏》云:「由本尊瑜伽,從前說瓶內,略取少許水,注於瓦盃中,安置尊勝瓶,榜生寶瓶上,於彼修圓滿,三昧耶壇輪,召請智慧輪,漸供浴足等,與三昧合一,獻供令滿足。」藏師有說此是於螺盃中俱修諸尊。然彼教文非顯此義。以彼釋論於《初觀察》明瓶數量與瓶物時,未說修諸尊法。故《後觀察》善住時,說於瓶中修諸尊儀軌,「於彼修圓滿」者,是於尊勝瓶中修曼陀羅之據。若謂彼文顯示於尊勝瓶上瓦盃中生諸尊者,則應許此處及前文,俱未明說尊勝瓶中修諸尊法。餘定量論未見說於螺盃生諸尊者。故彼盃中似不須修諸尊,應審觀察。
此於瓶上所安香水充滿之螺或顱或瓦盃者,說是供瓶閼伽之器。如毳衣大師云:「瓶上安閼伽器,注香水及白花,上安繫花鬘之金剛。」又云:「以有白花之閼伽器供獻瓶尊。」水之修法,誦鄔答迦咒及三字七遍,想成智慧甘露金剛微塵自性。《鬘論》此義如前已說。
此處先化諸尊而後持誦,乃是《鬘論》及隨行者之規,與琅迦勝賢說相順。𱒤耶茜那亦隨彼行。不空足說業瓶之天不化。此論未說彼別。毳衣大師等亦說誦咒後方化。故知隨何次第皆可。
天化水時,若瓶先修為宮殿者,亦應化成瓶相,諸相若修為諸尊者,亦應化成諸相。諸尊化後次誦吽字,左拳執花鬘端,念誦主尊心咒或鄔答迦,咒水一百八遍。主尊瓶中,裝入甘露瓶咒所加持之白花三朵。諸餘尊瓶,即誦彼尊真言一百八遍,或二十一遍或七遍。於彼瓶上執金剛花鬘端,如前裝花。左手執花鬘時,日生師說右手持珠。跋嚩跋陀羅說:「弟子手執繫花鬘之金剛,安置瓶上,師長另持花鬘一端,誦吽咒百八遍。」勝賢論師說誦主尊咒一千零八遍,誦鄔答迦一百八遍。《四百五十頌》云:「正供養閼伽,應裝入白花。」故亦供螺水等閼伽。《釋論》則說誦壇主咒及吽七遍而後供獻《總續》中云:「裝入諸花已,應用妙香熏。」於灌頂瓶作如是說,故應亦用香熏。修瓶念誦之時,未說其餘觀想,似應作如修現觀時念誦之觀,想從各尊心中咒鬘收放光明,鈎召諸佛菩薩智慧甘露,融入各尊,即此便足。藏地諸師有說:「想自口中放紅色光,順咒線照瓶內諸尊皆成紅色,為自自在,從彼諸尊毛孔,流注甘露。」
次以花等供養諸瓶,以業瓶口莊嚴,取業瓶水,洒淨守護。祝云:「直至此處曼陀羅事未圓滿頃,當遮魔碍。」施食後洒淨時,誦不動等金剛讚頌為先,遍振鈴聲。所請能遮魔者,勝賢論師說是一切業尊,毳衣大師說融化後亦誦讚文。餘諸論師說先供讚後方融化。勝解瓶水為天本性供獻食物及讚誦等。若覺不便,可如餘師所說而修。《佛頂曼陀羅儀軌》云:「先供顱閼伽,香等及飲食,與瓶數等供,亦以內密供,令諸尊歡喜。」如前天預備法,於瓶亦隨天數而修供養。不空足說次將諸瓶藏於自室。
為洒自身及諸弟子,故從諸瓶,略取少水,貯於螺盃等中,安於曼陀羅室,若無室者,隨設壇處,壇東門外稍北三足架上。為洒餘者,當置業瓶及吉祥草墊於彼處。
瓶尊念誦及供養等,每日三次或修一次。《總續》與《四百五十頌本釋》,并勝賢論師等多說每日修瓶念誦三次。《鬘論》說修一次。故從次日至未灌頂以來,如前修法日修三次,若無暇者每日一次。
密宗道次第廣論卷九終