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  1. Stages of Meditation on the Perfection of Chan (釋禪波羅蜜次第法門)
  2. The First Part (第一之上)
  3. Three Illuminations Samadhi Paramita Gate (3 明禪波羅蜜門)
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Stages of Meditation on the Perfection of Chan (釋禪波羅蜜次第法門)


明禪波羅蜜門第三

Chapter 3: The Gate of Illumination and Dhyana Paramita

行者善尋名故,自知其體。若欲進修,必因門而入。今略明禪門,即為三意:第一、標禪門;第二、解釋;三、料簡。

Good seekers of the truth first understand the essence of meditation. If you wish to practice and advance, you must enter through a specific gate. Now, to clarify the gate of meditation, I will present it in three parts: First, identifying the gate of meditation; Second, explaining its meaning; Third, classifying essential points.

第一、標禪門者,若尋經論所說禪門,乃有無量,原其根本,不過有二,所謂:一、色;二、心。如《摩訶衍》中偈說:

First, regarding the gateway of meditation (Chan): If we examine the various scriptures and treatises discussing meditation, they describe countless methods. However, tracing back to their foundation, there are essentially only two types: the first is the material aspect, and the second is the mental aspect. As the verse in the Mahayana teachings says:

一切諸法中, 但有名與色,
若欲如實觀, 亦當觀名色。
雖癡心多想, 分別於諸法,
更無有一法, 出於名色者。

In all phenomena that exist, Only name and form persist. To see things as they truly are, Observe this pair, both near and far.

Though fools with mind divided stray, And analyze things every way, There is no single thing that's real, Beyond these two—what they reveal.

今就色門中,即開為二,如經中說:「二為甘露門:一者、不淨觀門;二者、阿那波那門。」心門唯有一門,如經中說:「能觀心性,名為上定。」開色別立於心,此則禪門有三,所謂:一、世間禪門;二、出世間禪門;三、出世間上上禪門。故《大集經》云:「有三種攝心:一者、出法攝心;二者、滅法攝心;三者、非出非滅法攝心。」

Now, regarding the gate of form (material phenomena), it is further divided into two. As the sutra says: "There are two gates to the nectar of liberation: the first is the contemplation of impurity; the second is the mindfulness of breathing." The gate of mind has only one gate, as the sutra says: "To observe the nature of mind is called the supreme concentration." When we distinguish the mind separately from form, there are then three gates to meditation: first, the worldly gate of meditation; second, the transcendent gate of meditation; third, the most supreme transcendent gate of meditation. Therefore, the *Mahāsamnipāta Sūtra* says: "There are three ways to collect the mind: first, collecting the mind through developing mental states; second, collecting the mind through eliminating mental states; third, collecting the mind through neither developing nor eliminating mental states."

第二、解釋。此三門中,即各為二意:一、別;二、通。

Second, explanation. Within these three gateways, each has two aspects: first, the specific; second, the general.

第一、別明門者,門名能通,如世門通人,有所至處。
一、以息為禪門者,若因息攝心,則能通行心至四禪、四空、四無量心、十六特勝、通明等禪,即是世間禪門,亦名出法攝心。此一往據凡夫禪門。
二、以色為禪門者,如因不淨觀等攝心,則能通行心至九想、八念、十想、背捨、勝處、一切處、次第定、師子奮迅、超越三昧等處,即是出世間禪門,亦名滅法攝心。一往據二乘禪門。
三、以心為禪門者,若用智慧反觀心性,則能通行心至法華、念佛、般舟、覺意、首楞嚴諸大三昧及自性禪,乃至清淨淨禪等,是出世間上上禪門,亦名非出非滅法攝心。此一往據菩薩禪門。以此義故,約三法為門。
問曰:諸法無量,何故但取此三為禪門?
答曰:今略明有三意,故立三法為門:一、如法相;二、隨便易;三、攝法盡。
一、如法相者,如《大集經》說:歌羅邏時,即有三事:一、命;二、暖;三、識。出入息者,名為壽命。不臭不爛,名之為暖,即是業持火大故,地、水等色不臭爛也。此中心、意名之為識,即是剎那覺知心也。三法和合,從生至長,無增無減,愚夫不了,於中妄計我、人、眾生,作諸業行,心生染著,顛倒因緣往來三界。若尋其源本,不出此之三法,故以三法為門,不多不少。
二、隨便易故,立三法為門者,如因息修禪,則有二便:一、疾得禪定;二、易悟無常。以色為門,亦有二便:一、能斷貪欲;二、易了虛假。心為門者,此亦有二便:一、能降一切煩惱;二、易悟空理。
三、攝法盡者,此三法是禪門根本故。所以者何?舉要說三,開即無量。如息門中,或數或隨,或時觀息,如此非一,至處亦異。如色門中,或緣外色,或緣內色,或作慈悲,或緣佛相,乃至得解實觀,如此非一,至處亦異。如心門中,或止或觀,或覺或了,或覺了諸心入於非心,覺了非心出無量心,或覺了非心非不心,能知一切心非心,如是緣心不同,至處亦復非一,故說三門攝一切禪門。此事至第七、八釋修證中方乃可見。
第二、通名三門者,此三法通得作世間、出世間、出世間上上等禪門。所以者何?
一、如息法不定,但屬世間禪門。何以得知?如《毘尼》中,佛為聲聞弟子說觀息等十六行法,弟子隨教而修,皆得聖道,故知亦是出世間禪門,即大乘門者,如《大品》說:「阿那波那,即是菩薩摩訶衍。」故《請觀音經》約數息辨六字章句,明三乘得道,此豈可但是世間禪門?
二、色法為門,亦不得但是二乘所行,不通大乘及凡夫、外道。何以故?如《涅槃》中說:「外道但能治色,不能治心,我弟子善治於心。」故知凡夫亦得觀色。大乘觀色,如《大品》中說:「脹想、爛想等,是菩薩摩訶衍。」此豈可但是出世間禪門?
三、約心為門,亦不得但據菩薩。何以故?如外道亦觀心起四十八見,凡夫緣心入四空,通聲聞者,如《涅槃》說:「我弟子善治心故,能離三界。」此豈唯是出世間上上禪門?當知三門互通,但三種人用心異故,發禪得道亦各不同。此義至第九、明從禪波羅蜜起教中,當廣分別。
第三、料簡通、別二門。
問曰:若爾者,何故如前分別?
答曰:一切義理,有通有別,教門對緣,益物不同,異說無咎。復次,前非了義之說,未可定執。
問曰:三門互得通者,今就事中數息而學,得證九想、八背捨、自性等禪不?
答曰:或得或不得。初學者不得,二乘學自在定者得,菩薩具足方便波羅蜜者,隨意無礙。
問曰:何故云初學不得?有人數息發九想、背捨,念佛慈心,此復云何?
答曰:此發宿緣不正,因修得證,緣盡則滅謝不進,終不成就次第法門。至下內方便中明善根發相,當廣分別。餘二門類然可知。
釋禪波羅蜜次第法門卷第一之上
釋禪波羅蜜次第法門卷第一之下
隋天台智者大師說
弟子法慎記
弟子灌頂再治

2 釋禪波羅蜜名
4 辨禪波羅蜜詮次

CBETA Code: T1916

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