五蓋初門第八
Five Hindrances: Chapter 8
一貪欲蓋 二瞋恚蓋 三睡眠蓋 四掉悔蓋 五疑蓋
1. The Hindrance of Craving 2. The Hindrance of Ill Will 3. The Hindrance of Sloth and Torpor 4. The Hindrance of Restlessness and Worry 5. The Hindrance of Doubt
次三毒而辨五蓋者。若論三毒之體。豈異五蓋。但科目不同。名字增減有異。故次分別。所以然者。若沒癡毒之名而離癡法。為睡眠掉悔疑三蓋。足貪瞋為五蓋也。若開五蓋則煩惱無量。通名蓋者。蓋以覆蓋為義。能覆蓋行者清淨善心。不得開發。故名為蓋。而此五蓋既的為在下所明諸禪正障。故須略辨其相。
Now, let's discuss the three poisons and the five hindrances. Are the three poisons fundamentally different from the five hindrances? Not really. They are simply categorized differently, with some variations in terminology and classification. That's why we need to clarify them separately.
Here's the reason: If we remove the term "ignorance" as a poison, but still address the underlying condition of ignorance, it manifests as three of the five hindrances: sloth-torpor, restlessness-worry, and doubt. Combined with greed and aversion, these make up the five hindrances.
If we were to expand upon the five hindrances, they would reveal countless afflictions. They are collectively called "hindrances" because they obstruct—they cover over and prevent the practitioner's pure, wholesome mind from arising and developing. Hence, they are called hindrances.
Since these five hindrances are precisely the primary obstacles to the meditative states discussed below, we must briefly outline their characteristics.
一貪欲蓋 引取心無厭足為貪欲。分別體相。具如貪毒中說。三界五行中十五貪使。即是貪欲蓋。
二瞋恚蓋 忿怒之心名為瞋恚。分別體相。具如前說。欲界五行五種瞋使。即是瞋蓋也。
三睡眠蓋 意識惛熟曰睡。五情暗冥名眠。若心依無記則增長無明。故意識惛惛而熟。五情暗冥無所覺知。謂之睡眠也。數人說為增心數法。猶屬見思所斷十五癡使攝也。
四掉悔蓋 邪心動念曰掉。退思憂悴為悔。若縱無明謬取。則戲論動掉心生。既所為乖失。退思則有憂悔也。亦是增心數法。正屬見諦所斷三十二見使。攝思惟斷。亦有少分也。
五疑蓋 癡心求理。猶預不決。名之為疑。若修道定等法。無明暗鈍。不別真偽。因生猶預。心無決斷。皆謂疑也。世間通疑。非一正論。障道之疑。即是見諦所斷。三界四行十二疑使也。