十善初門第十二
Chapter 12: The Ten Wholesome Deeds
身三種善 一不殺生 二不偷盜 三不邪婬
The three wholesome actions of the body are: first, not killing; second, not stealing; third, not committing sexual misconduct.
口四種善 一不妄語 二不兩舌 三不惡口 四不綺語
The four kinds of wholesome speech: 1. Not lying. 2. Not speaking divisively. 3. Not using harsh words. 4. Not engaging in idle or frivolous chatter.
意三種善 一不貪欲 二不瞋恚 三不邪見
Three kinds of good deeds of the mind: first, not being greedy; second, not being angry; third, not holding wrong views.
次十惡而辨十善者。若人能知惡是乖理之行故。現在將來由斯招苦。則必須息惡行善。可以來世永致清升之樂果。是以次十惡而明十善也。但十善有二種。一止。二行。止則但止前惡。不惱於他。行則修行勝德。利安一切。此二通稱善者。善以順理為義。息倒歸真。故云順理。止則息於重倒之惡。行則漸歸勝道之善。故止行二種。皆名為善。或加以道名。以能通至樂果也。
Next to the Ten Evil Deeds, we now explain the Ten Good Deeds. If people can understand that evil deeds are actions contrary to reason and that they bring suffering in both the present and future, they must stop evil and practice good. This way, they can attain lasting happiness and elevation in the life to come. Therefore, after the Ten Evil Deeds, we now clarify the Ten Good Deeds.
The Ten Good Deeds have two aspects. The first is restraint, and the second is practice. Restraint means stopping the evil actions mentioned earlier and not harming others. Practice means cultivating virtuous qualities and benefiting all beings. Both are called "good" because goodness is defined as following reason. By stopping confusion and returning to truth, one follows reason. Restraint stops the deep confusion of evil, while practice gradually advances toward the excellence of good. Thus, both restraint and practice are called good. They may also be called the "Path," because they lead to the blissful reward.
一不殺生 即是止善。止前殺生之惡行。善者當行放生之善也。
First, do not kill. This is the practice of stopping wrongdoing—refraining from the harmful act of taking life. As for goodness, one should actively practice the virtue of protecting and freeing living beings.
二不偷盜 即是止善。止前盜他財物之惡行。善者當行布施之善。
三不邪婬 即是止善。止前於非妻妾婬欲之惡行。善者當行恭敬之善。
Abstaining from sexual misconduct is the practice of stopping wrongdoing. This means refraining from immoral acts of lust with those who are not one's spouse. The virtuous path is to cultivate reverence and respect in all relationships.
四不妄語 即是止善。止前虛言誑他之惡行。善者當行實語之善也。
The Fourth Precept—not speaking falsely—is the practice of restraining from evil. This means stopping the unwholesome act of deceiving others with lies. One who is virtuous should cultivate the goodness of speaking truthfully.
五不兩舌 即是止善。止前搆鬪兩邊之惡行。善者當行和合之善。
六不惡口 即是止善。止前惡言加人之惡行。善者當行軟語之善。
七不綺語 即是止善。止前綺側乖理之惡語行。善者當行有義語饒益之善。
八不貪欲 即是止善。止前引取無厭之惡行。善者當行不淨觀。觀諸六塵皆欺誑不淨之觀行善。
九不瞋恚 即是止善。止前忿怒之惡行。善者當行慈忍之善。
十不邪見 即是止善。止前撥正因果僻信邪心之惡行。善者當行正信歸心正道生智慧之善心。
法界次第初門卷上之上
法界次第初門卷上之下
陳隋國師智者大師撰