十六行初門第三十四
Chapter 34: Sixteen Practices: Initial Gate
苦諦下四行 一無常 二苦 三空 四無我
Under the Truth of Suffering, there are four contemplations: 1. Impermanence 2. Suffering 3. Emptiness 4. Non-self
集諦下四行 一集 二因 三緣 四生
Under the truth of the origin of suffering, there are four aspects: 1. Accumulation 2. Cause 3. Conditions 4. Arising
滅諦下四行 一盡 二滅 三妙 四離
Under the truth of the cessation of suffering, there are four aspects: 1. Exhaustion 2. Cessation 3. Excellence 4. Liberation
道諦下四行 一道 二正 三跡 四乘
Under the Truth of the Path, there are four aspects: 1. The Way 2. Rightness 3. The Trail 4. The Vehicle
次四諦而辯十六行者。還離四諦開為十六行也。但教門既有總別之殊。故諦有離合之異。欲使修觀之者取理無謬。故次於四諦之下。各以四行分別。則審實之義意。乃愈明通。加以行名者。行以往趣為義。修此十六觀法。能趣四實之理。故名行也。或時從理得名。即十六諦也。
苦諦下四行 一無常行者。觀五受陰。因緣生。新新生滅。故無常也。二苦行者。觀五受陰。若無常即是苦。為無常之所逼也。三空行者。觀五受陰。一相異相無故。空即是空。四無我者。觀五受陰中。我我所法不可得。故無相。是為無我行也。
**The Four Aspects of the Truth of Suffering**
1. **Impermanence**: Observe the five aggregates of attachment. They arise from causes and conditions, and are born and perish moment by moment. Therefore, they are impermanent. 2. **Suffering**: Observe the five aggregates of attachment. If they are impermanent, they are suffering, for they are oppressed by impermanence. 3. **Emptiness**: Observe the five aggregates of attachment. Because no single mark or distinguishing mark exists, they are empty—this is emptiness. 4. **No-Self**: Observe the five aggregates of attachment. Within them, no self or anything belonging to a self can be found. Therefore, they are markless—this is the practice of no-self.
集諦下四行 一集行者。觀煩惱有漏累和合。能招苦果。故名集行。二因行者。觀六因生苦果。故名因行。三緣行者。觀四緣生苦果故名緣行。四生行者。還受後有五陰。故名生行。
Under the Truth of the Origin of Suffering, there are four aspects:
1. **The Aspect of Accumulation**: Observe that the defilements and attachments—all the tainted mental and physical activities—come together to bring about suffering. This is called the aspect of accumulation.
2. **The Aspect of Cause**: Observe that the six causes give rise to the suffering result. This is called the aspect of cause.
3. **The Aspect of Condition**: Observe that the four conditions bring about the suffering result. This is called the aspect of condition.
4. **The Aspect of Arising**: Observe that one continues to take on a new existence—the five aggregates—in the future. This is called the aspect of arising.
滅諦下四行 一盡行者。觀涅槃種種苦盡故名盡。二滅行者。觀涅槃諸煩惱火滅故名滅。三妙行者。涅槃一切中第一故名妙。四出行者。觀涅槃離世間生死法故。名為出也。
Under the Truth of Cessation, there are four contemplations:
1. **Exhaustion**: Observing that Nirvana is the end of all suffering, hence called "Exhaustion." 2. **Cessation**: Observing that in Nirvana, the fires of all afflictions are extinguished, hence called "Cessation." 3. **Wonderful**: Observing that Nirvana is supreme among all things, hence called "Wonderful." 4. **Departure**: Observing that Nirvana transcends the worldly cycle of birth and death, hence called "Departure."
道諦下四行 一道行者。觀五不受陰三十七品等道。能通至涅槃。名道。二正行者。觀五不受陰三十七品等道。非顛倒法故名正。三跡行者。觀三十七品等道。是一切聖人去處故名跡。四乘行者。觀三十七品等道。能運行人。必至三解脫。愛見等煩惱不能遮故名乘。