慧上菩薩問大善權經卷上
西晉月氏國三藏竺法護譯
聞如是:
一時,佛遊舍衛城祇樹給孤獨園,與大比丘眾俱,比丘八千,諸大弟子學戒具足,菩薩萬二千,一切聖通無所不達,已得總持辯才無量不起法忍,其德無限,徹覩諸根,應病授藥為師子吼,救濟十方,眾生百千莫不蒙度。爾時世尊,從宴坐起斯須未久,與無數之眾眷屬周匝而為說經。
時會菩薩名曰慧上,即從坐起,更整衣服,長跪叉手前白佛言:「願欲有所問,唯如來至真聽者,乃敢陳說。」
世尊告曰:「恣所欲問,佛當為汝開解結滯。」
The World-Honored One said, "Ask whatever you wish, and I will help unravel your doubts and remove your confusion."
慧上白佛:「所云善權,為何謂乎?」
Hui Shang said to the Buddha, "What is meant by 'Expedient Means'?"
佛告慧上:「善哉,善哉!族姓子!多所愍傷哀念安隱諸天人民,勸化將來導引三塗,開闡佛法獲微妙慧,乃問闓士善權方便。」
The Buddha said to Hui Shang, "Excellent, excellent, child of good family! You have great compassion and concern for the well-being and peace of all gods and humans. You guide and lead those on the three lower paths, spread the Buddha's teachings, and attain profound wisdom. Yet you still ask about the skillful means of the Bodhisattva."
佛言:「諦聽!善思念之!吾當為汝申暢其要。」
慧上菩薩及與眾會受教而聽。
The Bodhisattva Hui Shang (Wise and Supreme) and the entire assembly received the instruction and listened attentively.
於是佛告慧上曰:「族姓子!善權闓士以一揣食,隨時方便弘施流普,勸發黎元墜畜生者,使此二品悉趣德本,興諸通慧,其心曉了具足佛慧。是謂菩薩善權方便。
Then the Buddha said to Hui Shang, “Child of noble family! A Bodhisattva skilled in skillful means can take a single morsel of food and, through timely and flexible generosity, spread its blessings widely. This action inspires those beings who have fallen into the animal realm—both the giver and the receiver—to turn toward the root of virtue. It nurtures all forms of universal wisdom, and their minds become clear, fully endowed with the Buddha’s insight. This is what is meant by a Bodhisattva’s skillful means.”
「又,族姓子!善權闓士,若人殖德勸讚代喜,以斯善本則施眾生。以覺之心,順一切心而不墮落。講斯教已,成諸弟子,緣覺之乘為諸通慧。是謂菩薩善權方便。
Moreover, good family! A wise and skillful practitioner, when seeing others planting virtuous roots, joyfully praises and rejoices in their efforts. They then dedicate this goodness to all beings.
With awakened intent, they align with the hearts of all without falling into selfish grasping. After teaching this principle, they help practitioners on the path of personal liberation and those on the cause-and-effect path to realize full wisdom.
This is what is meant by the Bodhisattva's skillful means.
「又,族姓子!善權闓士,十方諸樹其華煒曄,香氣芬馥人所欽尚,而無主名,敬採集合奉散諸佛,誓以德本,已及眾庶志諸通慧使備道明,具獲無量戒品、定品、慧品、解脫品、度脫知見品。是謂菩薩善權方便。
「又,族姓子!善權闓士,愍察群萌,在安助喜、彼患代受,以諸通慧因緣方便,建立德本用施眾類,為十方世界誓被德鎧,其遭惱害者則救攝所,患代受其罪勸,以通慧使獲大安。是謂菩薩善權方便。
"Furthermore, children of good family! The wise bodhisattva, with compassion for all beings, rejoices in their happiness and takes on their suffering. Through wisdom and skillful means, they use their virtuous roots for the benefit of all. They vow to don the armor of virtue for the worlds in all ten directions, rescuing those who encounter distress. They willingly take on the suffering of others and, through their wisdom, guide them to great peace. This is the bodhisattva's skillful means."
「又,族姓子!善權闓士,供一如來,觀慮諸佛法身平等,戒、定、慧、解、度知見品亦復如之。知是供養一如來等,則為奉養十方諸佛,所見供祚,闓士歷受施祐眾生。是謂菩薩善權方便。
"Moreover, children of good family! When a skilled practitioner makes offerings to a single Tathagata, they should contemplate that all Tathagatas' Dharma bodies are equal, and likewise their ethical precepts, meditative concentration, wisdom, liberation, and the liberating knowledge and vision. Knowing that making offerings to a single Tathagata is the same as making offerings to all the Buddhas of the ten directions, the practitioner receives the blessings of these offerings and passes them on to all beings. This is the bodhisattva's skillful means."
「又,族姓子!善權闓士,敢所生處,其所住處不計吾我,未曾自輕;如令諷讀四句之頌,觀察其義心不怯羸,宣顯備具,不想利養。蓋諸佛土;若入國邑,輒興大哀踊躍說之,誓願聞吾四句頌者,皆成諸佛無礙辯才。是謂菩薩善權方便。
"Furthermore, children of good family! A skillful bodhisattva, no matter where they are born or where they dwell, does not cling to a sense of self and never belittles themselves. When they recite even a four-line verse, they contemplate its meaning with a fearless mind, fully expressing it without any thought of material gain. They honor all Buddha lands; when entering a city or village, they immediately generate great compassion and joyfully teach. They vow that all who hear their four-line verse will attain the unobstructed eloquence of a buddha. This is what is called a bodhisattva's skillful means."
「又,族姓子!善權闓士,假使生在貧匱之門,設行乞匃求一夕饍,無鄙劣心轉奉賢眾;若惠獨人內自惟察,如來有言務恢廣施,今吾乞與所進微尠。建諸通慧誓意無量,殖斯德本勸發眾生,僥獲寶掌,若如來、至真、等正覺。以斯妙慧光護夕供,所服納者持戒學道,緣崇功德多所彼致。是謂菩薩善權方便。
「又,族姓子!善權闓士,與諸弟子緣覺俱遊,心不同歸;見人供養弟子緣覺,意不欽獲;興于二念:一、從菩薩心成佛世尊。二、弟子緣覺因佛法生。造斯觀已,諸所供養未以為上,吾所學習則三品最,觀無適莫無所貪樂。是謂菩薩善權方便。
「又,族姓子!善權闓士,行一布施則具六度無極。何等六度?善權闓士見貧乞者,具足大施無慳貪心,斯施度無極。身自護禁奉持戒者,其犯惡者使立戒法,尋而給施令無所毀,斯戒度無極。若瞋恚者,御以慈心、淨心、明心、愍哀等心,興施布施,斯忍度無極。隨宜供辦飲食之饍,身口意行身等如空,斯進度無極。一心等施進止臥夢而無亂行,斯定度無極。如茲施已御念諸法,誰有施者?何所食者?誰受報應?造斯求者法不可得,不見施者及食施者,無受報應,斯慧度無極。是族姓子!權施若斯,則具六度無極之法。」
於是慧上菩薩白佛言:「未曾有也,天中天!闓士丈夫權施具足,一切佛法多所攝護,振于生死贍及餘類。」
Then the Bodhisattva Huishang said to the Buddha, "How extraordinary, Heavenly Honored One! A Bodhisattva's skillful means are complete and abundant. They encompass all Buddha-dharma, protect and deliver beings from the cycle of birth and death, and extend compassion to all others."
佛言:「至哉!誠如所云。權施雖微,審成眾德無量難計。又,族姓子!行權闓士,何謂退還?以權方便而以施與,縱隨惡友為之所拘,畢償罪者自觀念言:『陰種諸入得無不滅,當除斯患乃至無為,吾誓當被道德之鎧,任力發起周旋終始則務究竟。』」
The Buddha said: "Excellent! It is just as you have said. Though expedient means may seem small, they truly bring about countless virtues that are immeasurable and difficult to grasp. Moreover, Son of Good Family! What does it mean for a practitioner of skillful means to retreat? Out of expedient means, they may give freely, and even follow evil companions who bind them, yet when they must repay their karmic debts, they reflect: 'The aggregates, elements, and senses will all cease—I must remove these afflictions and attain liberation. I vow to don the armor of the Way, summon the strength to persevere, and surely reach the final goal.'"
慧上又問:「唯,天中天!假使有人犯于四罪,有所想念,發意出家為菩薩道。然後云何?」
佛言:「設當毀失四重之禁,以權消罪,眾患悉除。是族姓子!為菩薩道無有罪釁。」
The Buddha said: "Even if someone violates and loses their practice of the Four Grave Precepts, by using skillful means to eliminate this wrongdoing, all afflictions will be completely removed. Those of virtuous lineage who walk the Bodhisattva path will have no fault or taint of sin."
爾時,慧上菩薩白世尊曰:「何謂菩薩而有罪殃?」
佛言:「若有闓士學得脫戒,得脫戒者則二百五十禁,於百千劫服食果蓏,為人所辱而皆忍之。若有想念弟子緣覺之行,闓士則為生死根縛。如族姓子!聲聞緣覺犯本諸禁,不除陰種諸入,不得滅度也。如族姓子!捨闓士行不自改正而有想念,志求聲聞、緣覺,欲得無上正真之道為最正覺者,終不能成也。」
The Buddha said: "If a bodhisattva learns and upholds the precepts of liberation—the two hundred and fifty rules—and, for hundreds of thousands of kalpas, subsists on fruits and melons while enduring all manner of humiliation from others, yet still harbors thoughts of attaining the stages of disciples or solitary realizers, then that bodhisattva remains bound to the root of birth and death. Good people! Disciples and solitary realizers, if they violate their fundamental precepts, do not eradicate the aggregates, sense fields, or elements, and cannot attain nirvana. Similarly, good people! If you abandon the bodhisattva path, fail to correct yourselves, and entertain thoughts of seeking the paths of disciples or solitary realizers, aspiring to supreme, perfect enlightenment as the most correct and universal awakened one, you will never achieve it."
於是阿難白世尊曰:「憶念我昔入舍衛城而行分衛,見有闓士名重勝王,在他室坐與女人同床。我謂犯穢,心用惟慮:『得無異人學梵行者,於如來教,將無造見聞想念於一切乎?』時我世尊,瞻見立想歎發斯言,三千大千世界而六反震動。時重勝王,即自踊身住於空中,去地四丈九尺,報阿難曰:『云何,賢者!犯禁穢者寧能踊身止虛空乎?在如來前何不問耶?何謂菩薩犯罪之法?』阿難投身即自悔過曰:『唯然,世尊!我甚迷謬,如何偏見求大龍短?』」
佛告阿難:「宜自修慎,無察大乘正士之便而想其闕,由如賢者志弟子乘,若一若二同修雜行,不當視之狐疑懈廢得無盡漏。如是,阿難!勿觀善權闓士有廢退想於諸通慧。所以者何?菩薩大士愛納眷屬業以三寶,不違佛法,賢聖眾也,使志無上正真之道。」
佛語阿難:「若族姓子、族姓女,心存大乘,不離諸通慧,不荒五樂抑制五欲,觀于五通得如來根,當知正士與女人俱。又聽,阿難!彼女人者乃往去世為重勝王百生之偶,宿情未拔故有色恩,貪重勝顏口發誓言:『若與我俱得遂所娛,當從其教發無上正真道意。』時重勝王心知其念,晨現整服由斯法門入之其室,觀內外地心等無持,執手同處已如其欲。則頌曰:
「『愚哉悖於欲, 諸佛所不歎,
能蠲恩愛者, 得佛人中上。』
「時女喜踊,即從坐起,自投于地,歸命自責,伏罪悔過,為重勝王而歎頌曰:
「『吾已離諸欲, 世尊之所歎,
節止恩愛著, 願佛無上道,
前心之所想, 今首自悔過,
傷愍諸群生, 究竟發道意。』
「爾時重勝王菩薩,隨欲化女,使發無上正真道意,即從坐起而出其室。阿難觀斯心持清淨,今吾授彼女決,轉女身後九十九劫當得作佛,號離無數百千所受如來、至真、等正覺、明行成為、善逝、世間解、無上士、道法御、天人師,為佛、眾祐。以是賢者觀菩薩行,所行無短不墮罪法。」
重勝王菩薩從虛空下,稽首佛足,白世尊曰:「闓士當行善權方便立于大哀,若勸一人導以法本,從其所生輒當獲之信於善權,墮大地獄至于百劫,所遭苦痛惱劇之患,則當忍之,寧化一人使立德本不避此難。」
世尊告曰:「善哉,善哉!正士通達,是為菩薩大哀之行,超度諸受。」
佛言:「族姓子!吾念過世無數劫時,有一學志,名曰焰光,處於林藪行吉祥願,四百二十萬歲淨修梵行,過闋歲已,入沙竭國。有陶家女,見此學志姿貌姝好端正絕妙,欲意隆崇即自投託。學志問姊:『何所求乎?』答曰:『慕仁。』學志報言:『吾不樂欲。』女曰:『設不然者,吾將自賊。』焰光自念:『吾護禁戒淨修梵行,四百二十萬歲,今若毀之,非吉祥也。』念已捨却,離之七步乃發慈哀:『毀犯禁戒則墮地獄,若不如是女自殘賊,寧令斯女獲致安隱,吾當堪忍地獄之痛。』焰光即還,又執其臂而喻之曰:『從女之欲,幸勿自危。』學志退居習家之業十有二年,厭礙止足乃淨四等,壽終之後生于梵天。」
佛言:「族姓子!欲知爾時焰光學志,豈異人乎?莫造此觀,則吾身是。陶家女者,即瞿夷也。彼尚色欲此順其心,吾以大哀越度生死百千之患。賢者且觀,餘人所犯墜趣地獄,善權闓士更昇梵天。」
佛告慧上:「設舍利弗、大目揵連,行善權者不使瞿和離比丘墜于地獄。所以者何?吾憶昔者拘樓秦佛時,有一比丘名曰無垢,處於閑居國家山窟,去彼不遠有五神仙,有一女人道遇大雨,馳走避入無垢比丘所止之窟,雨霽出去。時五仙人見女,各言:『比丘姦穢謂之不淨。』無垢知諸神仙所念,即自踊身在于虛空,去地四丈九尺。諸仙見之,飛處空中,各曰:『如吾經典所記,染欲塵者則不得飛。』尋五體投地伏首誣橫。假使比丘不現神變,其五仙士墮大地獄。爾時無垢比丘,則慈氏菩薩也。若舍利弗、目揵連有權飛昇,則瞿惒離無由陷墜。當知此義,非聲聞、緣覺所能及知,唯獨闓士分別曉了善權方便,猶如放逸女人四時莊嚴貪財利欲,或無智者變改人性,使從其意示於施身,敬重彼人殫盡其產,遂棄遠之,緣所獲入未曾有悔,善權菩薩亦復如斯。觀察人根可開化者,以何方便則化立之,敬施眾生不悋其身,殖諸德本不藏情匿。設使知人已建德本,用其人故續命長善,一切欲樂無所貪慕,捨除恩愛令歸於無,其心清淨無所繫著,猶如蜜蜂接採眾花不計常想,於花枝葉一無所損。行權菩薩,隨俗方便雖樂諸欲,不計愛欲、不發常想,不自毀身亦不損彼,譬如樹種不失鮮色因而生牙無加茷者。如是,族姓子!菩薩以空、無想、不願之法,智度無極廣大之慧,入諸塵勞隨所樂行,不捨習俗、欲不穢身,不違佛歎、未曾退轉。如捕魚工引綱布網,恣意所欲截眾大流,收綱攝網多所獲得。菩薩如是,入空、無想、不願之法,以細微心在一切慧,縛于大欲,諸通慧心,以無護心,自在所獲得生梵天。譬如丈夫工學呪術,為吏所捕五繫縛之。其人自恣,則以一呪斷諸縲紲而得解去。如是,族姓子!善權菩薩,五欲自樂普與眾俱,恣其所幸智力術力,以一通慧壞一切欲,沒生梵天。譬安隱師,以一其心無所惡忌,變現廕庇送大賈人,或有愚謗而傷之曰:『忖察此師,自眷屬財賄尚不合度,安能濟眾使免賊乎?將必遺漏無量錢寶。』於是導師激憤恥之,即從坐起秉心堅強,帶鉀舞刀摧拉怨敵,所護安隱無所亡失。行權菩薩,執智慧刀隨時所欲,以巧方便安習五樂,志弟子乘所不悅可,為發慈愍。云何若此?興放逸行,尚不自度,何能濟眾、降魔怨乎?所不堪偕也。菩薩以智慧度無極法,善權方便恣意所欲,以智慧刀斷截塵勞、裂諸羅網,超遊自恣遍諸佛國,離女人土無有瑕穢。」
爾時有菩薩名曰愛敬,入舍衛大城普次行乞。至貴姓家,貴姓有女名曰執祥,在樓觀上聞比丘音,受食便出則覩其形,發放逸意,其欲甚盛不得從志,氣絕命終其身動搖。比丘見女興不淨想,即發念言:「何謂法樂自所喜者?計空無實其猶泡水,無所可遵;耳、目、鼻、口、身、意,如腐肉揣革裹皮覆,從足至頂何所可樂乎?觀無諍訟,無想無念,法無內外亦無壽命,都無所有,心何所著亦何所受。永離欲瑕亦無得也。」諦觀諸法無所起者,愛敬菩薩即得不起法忍,則時欣喜踊躍在虛空,去地四丈九尺,繞舍衛城七匝。
於時世尊,見愛敬菩薩昇在虛空,譬如鴈王,神足無礙自由自在。告賢者阿難曰:「汝見愛敬飛遊進止如鴈王乎?」
對曰:「已見。」
佛言阿難:「愛敬菩薩因色欲行獲諸佛法,降伏魔兵則轉法輪。執祥女終轉女人身,得生忉利紫紺天宮,自然化有四百八十里殿,萬四千玉女俱共侍之。緣此之德而發慧心,自念:『何行得生此乎?』即知本在舍衛為貴姓女色惑愛敬,緣斯貪欲,壽終轉女即為男子,自然神化無央數眾。志於欲著乃獲此報,豈況清淨恭肅之心,供養奉事盡敬菩薩乎?『今伎樂之娛安可久常,當詣世尊及覲愛敬菩薩。』」
於是天子與其眷屬,各執天花栴檀雜香,威光巍巍俱詣世尊、愛敬大士,皆以花香而供上之,前稽首禮繞佛三匝住,各叉手而讚頌曰:
「諸佛無思念, 樂最不可量,
如來無心意, 則獲尊上道。
「我在舍衛為女人, 其大名德不可議,
號曰執祥長者息, 端正姝好寶嚴身,
以為父母所珍重, 有正覺子無所著,
號曰愛敬威神大。 入舍衛城家分衛,
我聞其音柔軟妙, 歡喜之心取飯食,
即自往詣無極法。 如來之子愛敬道,
吾見彼已起亂心, 迷惑愛欲貪放逸,
假使不得從我願, 即當壽終用活為。
當時不能發口言, 雖奉飲食不能授,
我以愛欲放逸故, 則在其處壽命終。
雖不能應于道行, 降棄瑕穢女人身,
得為男子佛所歎, 即時得生忉利天。
宮殿則尊微妙好, 以寶合成無等倫,
有萬四千諸眷屬, 諸婇女樂悉具足。
即時心自發念言, 吾何因緣得致此,
尋時識念如此事, 愛欲之心報應然。
見於愛敬心歡喜, 以放逸心而貪視,
緣是之德獲是報, 猶如光明照好樹。
當為正覺佛子弟, 所在遊欣安住慧,
愛欲之心報如此, 何況有人供養者。
吾身今即如來子, 願發求尊佛智慧,
便當修行恒沙劫, 未曾捨離大志性,
皆由善師因愛敬, 則當供養法奉事,
供事于道無親屬, 唯願學求在覺軌。
修于尊妙道之行, 以放逸心所覩著,
尋時則轉于女身, 便獲勇猛男子形。
父母在家皆號哭, 臭死于地自捽𢷄,
心自念言是蠱道, 衝口罵詈此沙門。
應時天子承佛威, 往詣父母具解說:
『無得罵詈瞋沙門, 將無長夜獲苦惱。』
父母欲得知我不? 吾已踊至忉利天,
應時退轉女人身, 得為天子光巍巍。
父母當至安住所, 首罵詈罪自悔過,
更求救護不可得, 唯有如來為道慧。
時父母聞佛音響, 彼時勇猛勸化之,
皆和心解眷屬俱, 同時往詣能仁佛,
則共稽首兩足尊, 即自悔過瞋恚心,
悉共恭敬於如來, 啟問安住令決正。
『以何供事應奉佛? 何謂順法佛眾僧?
唯為吾等分別說。』 假使聞者無異心,
最勝則知心所念。 救世口則說如此,
其欲供養一切佛, 堅固道意御諸想,
父母親屬及男女, 具足五百無減少。
聽聞大人之所講, 同時皆發大道心。
最勝所言仁無異, 阿難聽我之所語,
如菩薩行無端底, 善權方便住智慧,
愛敬菩薩願如此: 『假使女人愛敬我,
則當令轉女人形, 速為男子人中上。』
阿難且觀此名德, 餘人所因墮地獄,
以放逸心貪習色, 因愛欲變為男子。
其心天子供養我, 常以恭敬獲豐安,
彼所供養難計劫, 當得為佛號盡見。
此五百人發道意, 亦當自致人中尊,
何人聞此不供佛, 其歡悅心安無量。
計其愛敬菩薩者, 所開化女不一二,
無量百千億那術, 以愛欲心立於道,
則為藥王大名德。 何因菩薩當有穢?
因緣塵勞施安隱, 何況供養奉事者。」
爾時賢者阿難白佛言:「猶如有人近須彌山,皆隨山光炤為金色。設懷歡喜欲義心奉道法心,得近菩薩皆獲一類,趣諸通慧心性自然,我從今始奉侍菩薩,如須彌山,猶如藥王,名曰見愈,有清淨心若瞋恚意,見此藥者眾病皆除,菩薩如是淨不淨心,婬怒癡心覲菩薩者悉為除愈。」
時佛讚曰:「善哉,阿難!誠如爾言。」
於是賢者大迦葉白佛言:「甚難及也,天中天!菩薩大士不可思議,在所遊至,為諸眾生現無畏欲——空、無想、不願。聲聞、緣覺唯行此法,菩薩普護,轉使更入諸通慧跡,以善方便將順其心,終不穢厭色、聲、香、味、細滑法也。」
大迦葉復白佛言:「我可歎喻菩薩大士之所行乎?」
佛言:「可歎。」
迦葉曰:「譬大曠野斷絕無人,自然有牆,上至三十三天,唯有一門。無央數人皆入曠野,去之不遠有一大城,其國豐熟米穀卒賤,快樂難言;人民眾多不可稱計,其在彼城則如金剛。城旁有江,江側有路,曠路之中有黠慧人,聰識念義,懷愍欲度入曠野者,舉聲而盟稱:『去曠野不遠,大城之安永無死懼,吾為導師來趣所樂。』眾人報曰:『吾等不行,於此不動,欲覩城像城自然現,爾乃往耳。』時復有人解微妙者,應曰:『當往,隨仁所湊。吾等如是薄福之人,聞此聲已不信不樂,不從其教,不度曠野。』彼微妙人則度曠野,觀路由河,則乘而進。路之左右,有百千丈深大溪㵎,布諸草木。四方作橋,則濟厄路四出無礙。大賊從後追而不懼,賊自然却終不還顧。稍稍前行亦不恐懅,不左右視則見大城。稍近城郭心不狐疑,入彼城邑為無量人,現其儀式增益福祚。」
迦葉歎已陳喻:「大曠野者,謂生死之難。牆至三十三天者,謂無黠所著恩愛之欲也。唯有一門者,謂大乘也。人入曠野者,謂眾愚冥凡夫之士也。黠人發願呼眾人者,謂菩薩大士所樂度無極也。志劣不行欲見城者,謂聲聞緣覺也。應曰:『當往,隨仁所湊。』則菩薩也。聞聲不信者,謂外道異學眾邪行也。度曠野者,謂奉精進至諸通慧,修諸三昧也。路由河者,謂法門也。左大溪㵎百千丈者,謂聲聞地也。右大溪㵎百千丈者,謂緣覺乘也。大布置草木作四方橋者,謂善權方便慧度無極也。四出無礙者,謂菩薩四恩之行攝無量人也。賊追不懼自然却者,謂魔官屬及諸猗行也。終不還顧者,謂忍度無極也。稍稍前行,謂為菩薩之所開化,進度無極也。亦不恐懼者,謂以清淨心發起眾生志,平等覺也。不視左右者,謂不志樂聲聞、緣覺之利也。則見大城者,謂達諸通慧也。稍近城者,謂見道功德習行佛慧也。心無狐疑者,謂曉智慧善權諸度無極,則能遍覩一切眾生無所畏惡。適入城已,為無量人造現儀式增益福祚者,謂如來、至真、等正覺也。佛天中天適興在世,則為菩薩立于名號廣建利義。」
於是世尊讚迦葉曰:「善哉,善哉!乃歎斯喻。」
說此言時,萬二千天與人發無上正真道意。
佛語迦葉菩薩:「德行不可稱計,學諦微妙善權方便,大士所作,不為已舉、不他人施,不言有我亦不言彼。」
時慧上菩薩白世尊曰:「何謂一生補處?而迦葉、佛時口說斯言,用為覲是剃頭沙門,安能有道佛道難得,世尊爾時何緣說此?」
佛語慧上:「且止!族姓子!無得節限平相如來及開士行。所以者何?菩薩大士善權方便不可思議,其有正士,當作斯觀緣是化人。族姓子聽,善思念之。有法號曰善權方便菩薩,從定光佛已來,所興之慧不可思議,隨時之宜敢可發起,講菩薩法。從見定光世尊以來,得不起法忍,無一瑕闕無所忘失,亦無亂心智慧無損,已得法忍所造菩薩,一念之頃七日成佛,有菩薩志,發意之間一劫之喻。為一切人所在示現開化眾生,以智慧力欲得成佛大平等覺,無量億劫稱歎邪見多所發起,是為菩薩善權方便。
「又,族姓子!諸聲聞學設使自在,於三昧者未曾有也,不逮菩薩三昧之定,身亦不動心無所想,亦非眾人身心所及。又使菩薩三昧正受不進不退,常以四恩救攝群萌,不失精進、不為懈怠,而為眾人講六度無極,是謂菩薩善權方便。
「又,族姓子!菩薩發意之頃,於兜術天逮正真覺、轉于法輪,閻浮利人不能自致昇兜術天聽受經法,菩薩心念,天上諸天能下至此。是故正士,於閻浮利而現成佛,是為菩薩善權方便。
「又,族姓子!菩薩發意,能從兜術忽然沒已,不由胞胎,一時之頃成最正覺。傍人有疑此所從來為是天耶?揵陀羅變化所為乎?若懷狐疑不聽受法,是故菩薩現處胞胎,是為菩薩善權方便。
「又,族姓子!無得興念:『菩薩處胞。』勿懷斯意,菩薩大士不由精胎。所以者何?有三昧名曰無垢,菩薩大士以斯正受而自莊嚴。兜術天人謂菩薩沒而無動搖,不覩菩薩遊於胞胎。現處母腹而從脇生,棄國捐家尋坐佛樹,示勤苦行,普現悉遍無所不變,無有勞擾而無染污。所以者何?菩薩之瑞所化清淨,是為菩薩善權方便。」
佛告慧上:「何故菩薩自化其身紫磨金色,現入胞胎?」
慧上答曰:「寂然清淨明白之品。」
世尊曰:「然。其菩薩者,處眾生上則第一尊,是則化來,諸天人民所不能及,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩在母胞胎,具足十月無見而生?人儻起念在母之懷,日月不足諸根不具。現滿十月,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩生於樹園不在中宮?菩薩長夜習在閑居,志樂寂寞行平等淨,欲令天、龍、鬼神、揵沓和、阿須倫、迦留羅、真陀羅、摩睺羅、人與非人,皆捨室宇寂然供養,此諸華香普流天下,使迦維羅衛國中人民歡喜悅預不為放逸,是故菩薩在於樹下寂寞處生,不在宮舘,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩從右脇生?若不如是眾人有疑,則謂菩薩因由遘精而處胎藏,不為化育。眾必懷結猶預難決,是故示現令人開解。菩薩雖從右脇而生,母無瘡瘠出入之患,往古尊聖因時如然,所行無違,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩母攀樹枝,然後而生?設不爾者,眾人當謂:『皇后雖生菩薩必有惱患,若如凡庶而無殊別。』欲為黎元示現安隱,母適攀樹枝,志性柔和,則菩薩誕育,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩安和澹泊忽然而生,其身清淨無有垢穢?菩薩至尊三界之上,雖處胎中如日炤水,淨無所著不增不減,故現脇生不與凡同,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩適生斯須,帝釋即下前稽首奉,不使餘天?其釋無始立茲本願:『菩薩若生,當以淨意而奉受之。』亦為菩薩本德之徵,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩適見受已,行地七步亦不八步?是為正士吉祥之應,應七覺意覺不覺者也。自古迄于今,未有能現行七步者,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩已行七步,舉手而言:『吾於世尊,天上天下為最第一,當盡究竟生老死原!』釋、梵、梵志及諸天子,彼時眾會莫不遍集,設不現斯當各自尊,則懷憍慢,便不復欲禮侍菩薩。菩薩愍念外道梵志、諸天之眾長夜不安,必墜惡趣而受苦痛。是故菩薩舉聲自讚:『吾於世尊,天上天下第一,權慧超異獨步無侶,當究竟盡生老死根。』以此音告三千大千世界。其諸天子未有來者,應聲便至。爾時異學梵志及諸天子,皆共稽首敬禮讚音,叉手歸誠,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩大悅而笑,不懷輕戲,笑而不諂笑?菩薩興念:『一切眾類本與我俱,發上道意無上正覺,恐畏懈怠放逸自恣,故為卑賤愚冥貢高;或音聲者解一切法,至諸通慧精進敏達,使歸命佛。』猶斯大哀,發起萌類除却放逸,見已願果彼亦普具,以故正士現大欣笑,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩清淨無垢而復洗浴,釋梵四天所見供侍?凡人初生皆當洗浴,菩薩清淨,隨俗而浴。況世人乎故現此義,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩初生之後,去到空閑於樹下坐,然後入城?欲以具足諸根之本,示現中宮絃歌倡伎音樂之娛,然火四錠由斯現緣,令眾學勸,棄離財寶樂昇微妙,入家復出不興異行,去家學道則坐佛樹,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩生後七日其母便薨?后壽終盡福應昇天,非菩薩咎。前處兜術,觀后摩耶大命將終,餘有十月七日之期,故從兜術神變來下現入后藏,以是推之,非菩薩咎,是為菩薩善權方便。
「何故菩薩學書射御、兵仗伎術、摴蒱戲樂?隨世習俗現前因緣,三千大千世界諸所伎樂,經藏道要詩頌術數,神呪所療言談嘲調,示現悉學無所不博,欲令庶人不自憍慢,是為菩薩善權方便。
慧上菩薩問大善權經卷上