鞞婆沙五見處第十一
Vibhasha Chapter 11: Five Views
五見者,身見、邊見、邪見、見盜、戒盜。
The five wrong views are: the view of a self, extreme views, distorted views, clinging to views, and clinging to precepts.
問曰:此五見有何性?
Question: What is the nature of these five wrong views?
答曰:身見,三界一種,此三種。邊見亦爾。邪見者,三界有四種,此十二種。見盜亦爾。戒盜者,三界有二種,此六種。是三十六種五見性,是見性已種性身所有自然。性說已,當說行。何以故名為見?見有何義?答曰:觀故、行故、堅受故、緣深入故。觀者,能視也。
Answer: Identity view has one kind in each of the three realms, making three kinds in total. Extreme views are the same. Wrong views have four kinds in each of the three realms, making twelve kinds in total. Clinging to views is also the same. Clinging to precepts has two kinds in each of the three realms, making six kinds in total. These make thirty-six kinds, all of the nature of the five views. Having explained their nature as views, and their natural occurrence as part of one's own being, I will now explain their functioning. Why are they called views? What is the meaning of view? Answer: Because of observing, because of acting, because of firmly grasping, because of penetrating deeply into objects. Observing means the ability to see.
問曰:如邪觀、顛倒觀,云何是視?
Question: What about wrong views and upside-down views—how are these to be seen?
答曰:雖邪觀顛倒觀,但慧故名視,此是慧性。如人見不了了,亦名為見。如是邪觀顛倒觀,但慧故名為視,此是慧性故。曰觀行者,能有所行。
問曰:一時頃云何行?
答曰:捷利故名為行,故曰行。堅受者,邪事堅受故。此見邪事極堅受,非聖道刀不捨。如佛佛弟子興已,以聖道刀墮見牙,然後捨。以是故說頌曰:
「若受惡慧, 如鱣魚齧, 失搔摩銜, 非斧不離。」
說者大海中有虫名失搔摩羅,彼虫若有所銜時,若草若木,彼極銜,非刀不離。要以刀墮其牙,然後得離。如是此見邪事極堅受,非聖道刀不捨。若佛佛弟子興已,以聖道刀墮見牙,然後捨。故曰堅受。緣深入者,此見緣中極入,如鍼墮泥。是觀故、行故、堅受故、緣深入故,名為見。或曰:二事故名為見,明故、行故也。或曰:更有二事故名為見,彼相成就故、彼事辦故也。或曰:三事故名為見,彼相成就故、彼事辦故、緣深入故也。或曰:更有三事故名為見,意故、著故、行故也。或曰:更有三事故名為見,意故、方便故、無智故。意者,惡意也。方便者,惡方便也。無智者,此二事俱也。復說,意者正受人也,方便者察行人也,無智者依二聞也。如是共行說已,今當別說。何以故名為身見?答曰:此見己身轉行,是故說身見。
問曰:餘見亦己身轉行,何以故說一身見,不說餘?
答曰:此身見一向己身轉行,非是他身亦非非身。餘見亦己身轉行,亦他身轉行,亦非身轉行。己身轉行者,己界緣也。他身轉行者,他界緣也。非身轉行者,盡道緣也。此身見一向己身轉行,非他身、非非身轉行,是故說一身見,非餘。或曰:謂己身轉行,我是我轉行,此是身行。餘者雖己身轉行,無此事。或曰:謂己身轉行我作,是我作轉行,是身見。餘者雖己身轉行,無此事。或曰:謂己身轉行,著行惜行,我所行轉行,此是身見。餘者雖己身轉行,無此事。或曰:謂己身轉行,諸事我受盡是己身所轉行。餘者雖己身轉行,無此事。或曰:受己身故,名為身見。己身者,五盛陰。此見受彼,故曰身見。餘見者雖己身轉行,無此事。
問曰:何以故名為邊見?
答曰:受二邊故名為邊見。二邊者,一者斷、二者常。此見受彼二邊,故曰邊見。如彼契經說:迦旃延!世間習者,正觀如實世間有非有。如觀陰持入展轉相生,便作是念:此起已滅,非是常也。迦旃延!世間滅者,正觀如實世間無者非有。如觀身轉生上,彼作是念:此終亦生,非是斷。或曰:此因二行所轉斷行及常行,故曰邊見。或曰:彼異學邊受、癡受、不正受,謂有我,彼或常或斷。如佛契經說:諸比丘!我不共世間諍,世間共我諍。
問曰:世尊以何故不共世間諍?
答曰:世尊善等,能共事、不麁言。若斷見異學共俱,彼斷見異學有因無果,謂彼果斷。世尊說者:汝有因,我亦有因。如汝謗果,汝自當知。若常見異學共俱,彼常見異學無有因而有果,謂彼無因是有常。世尊說者:汝有果我亦有果,汝謗因汝自當知。彼世尊取一邊因、取二邊果,已離斷常處中說法。是故說:比丘!我不共世間諍,世間共我諍。尊者婆須蜜說曰:如世尊所說:比丘!我不共世間諍,世間共我諍。何以故佛不共世間諍,世間共佛諍?答曰:世尊說法,世間說非法,不可說法共非說法諍。重說曰:世尊於等中隨順,世間不與世尊第一義隨順,是故說:比丘!我不共世間諍。重說曰:善除二諍根故。二諍者,愛及見。此二,世尊已盡,世間未盡,是故說:比丘!我不共世間諍。尊者曇摩多羅說曰:諸尊!如馬依惡道,當觀不得正道。如是彼異學不正說,當觀是非正說。世尊現義現法、現善現妙故,當觀是正說。是故說:比丘!我不共世間諍,世間共我諍。
問曰:何以故說邪見?
答曰:邪行故說邪見。
問曰:如一切見邪行,何以故說一邪見不說餘?
答曰:二事故名邪見,及無行轉說邪見。餘者雖邪行轉,無此二事。或曰:謂邪行轉謗眾生恩及法恩。謗眾生恩者,說無有父母。謗法恩者,說世間無阿羅漢、善逝、等正法、等正趣,謂此世後世自知作證成就遊也。餘者雖行轉,無此事。或曰:謂邪行轉及無行轉,說無有施、無有齊、無有說、無善行惡行果報、無有此世後世,如是廣說。餘者雖邪行轉,無此事。或曰:謂邪行轉盡謗因及果,亦謗過去當來現在如來無著等正覺道,亦謗三寶及四諦。餘者雖邪行轉,無此事。或曰:謂邪行轉謗現事。如人墮大火坑中,誑他故說我極樂。如是眾生受有如熱鐵丸,邪見故說無苦。餘者雖邪行轉,無此事。或曰:謂邪行轉說惡。如所說居士邪見人,諸身行口行意行思願及彼相應行,一切彼法不愛不念不喜不喜不欲而轉。何以故居士見惡謂邪見居士?如苦瓠子、婆檀鞮伽子、摩樓多子、尸婆梨子種著地中,若受地味水味火味風味,彼一切味轉苦、無味、不甜。何以故?居士謂種子苦也。如是居士邪見人,諸身行口行意行思願及彼相應行,一切彼法不愛不念不喜不喜不欲而轉。何以故?居士見惡謂邪見故。餘者雖邪行轉,無此事。
問曰:何以故說見盜?
答曰:見故名為見盜。
問曰:如此盜一切五陰,何以見盜故名為見盜?
答曰:因見起盜一切五陰,故說見盜。或曰:設見盜及盜五陰,但第一行故名為見盜。
問曰:何以故說戒盜?
答曰:戒故名為戒盜。
問曰:如此盜一切五陰,何以故戒盜故名為戒盜?
答曰:因戒起盜一切五陰,故說戒盜。或曰:說戒盜及盜五陰,但淨行,故說戒盜。
問曰:何以故說盜?
答曰:他所見而盜故說盜。謂彼身見受我。邊見者,受斷及常。邪見謗言,無彼見盜而受第一,戒盜受清淨,是他所見而盜,故說盜。廣說五見處盡。