立制法第一(并序)
Establishing the Rules: Chapter 1
夫新衣無孔不可補之以縷。宿植淳善不可加之以罰。吾初在浮度中處金陵。前入天台諸來法徒各集。道業尚不須軟語勸進。況立制肅之後。入天台觀乎晚學。如新猿馬。若不控鎖。日甚月增。為成就故。失二治一。蒲鞭示恥非吾苦之。今訓諸學者。略示十條。後若妨起應須增損。眾共裁之。
A new garment without holes cannot be mended with thread. One who has long cultivated pure goodness should not be punished. When I first arrived in Jinling from Fudu, and later entered Tiantai, the disciples who gathered there each pursued the Way with diligence— there was no need for gentle words to urge them onward, let alone strict rules to enforce discipline.
But observing the later students in Tiantai now, they are like untamed monkeys or wild horses. If not reined in, their faults will grow with each passing day. For the sake of their accomplishment, it is better to lose two and correct one than to allow all to go astray.
The whip of rushes is meant to inspire shame, not to inflict suffering.
Now, as instruction for all learners, I set forth these ten guidelines. If obstacles arise in the future, they may be adjusted— let the community decide together.
第一夫根性不同。或獨行得道。或依眾解脫。若依眾者當修三行。一依堂坐禪。二別場懺悔。三知僧事。此三行人。三衣六物道具具足。隨有一行則可容受。若衣物有缺。都無一行則不同止。
First, people's innate capacities differ. Some attain the Way through solitary practice, while others achieve liberation by relying on the community. For those who rely on the community, three practices should be cultivated: First, seated meditation in the hall. Second, repentance in a separate space. Third, attending to monastic affairs.
For those who engage in any of these three practices, the three robes, six requisites, and necessary implements must be fully prepared. If one is engaged in any of these practices, they may be accepted. However, if their robes or implements are lacking, or if they are not engaged in any of these practices, they should not dwell together.
第二依堂之僧。本以四時坐禪六時禮佛。此為恒務。禪禮十時一不可缺。其別行僧行法竟。三日外即應依眾十時。若禮佛不及一時罰三禮對眾懺。若全失一時。罰十禮對眾懺。若全失六時罰一次維那。四時坐禪亦如是。除疾礙。先白知事則不罰。
The second rule concerns the resident monks. Their constant duty is to meditate in four sessions and pay homage to the Buddha in six sessions each day. These ten sessions of meditation and homage must not be missed. Monks who have completed their separate practices should join the assembly for these ten sessions within three days. If one misses a single homage session, they must perform three prostrations as repentance before the assembly. If they miss an entire session, they must perform ten prostrations as repentance before the assembly. If they miss all six homage sessions, they must report to the rector once. The same applies to the four meditation sessions. Exceptions are made for illness or unavoidable obstacles, provided the matter is reported to the supervisor beforehand; in such cases, no penalty is imposed.
第三六時禮佛。大僧應被入眾衣。衣無鱗隴若縵衣悉不得。三下鐘早集敷坐執香罏互跪。未唱誦不得誦。未隨意不散語話。叩頭彈指頓曳屣履起伏參差。悉罰十禮對眾懺。
The Third and Sixth Hours for Paying Respect to the Buddha.
Senior monastics should wear the assembly robe. Garments that are not layered or are plain cloth robes are not permitted.
When the bell is struck three times, gather early, arrange the sitting mats, hold the incense burner, and kneel facing each other. Do not recite before the chanting is announced. Do not disperse or engage in idle talk before the permission is given.
Bowing, snapping fingers, stamping feet, dragging sandals, rising and sitting out of turn—all such actions incur a penalty of ten prostrations and a public confession.
第四別行之意。以在眾為緩故。精進勤修四種三昧。而假託道場不稱別行之意。檢校得實罰一次維那。
第五其知事之僧。本為安立利益。反作損耗割眾潤己自任恩情。若非理侵一毫。雖是眾用而不開白。檢校得實不同止。
Fifth, those monks who manage affairs are originally meant for the benefit and well-being of the community. Instead, they may cause loss, cut off resources from the community, enrich themselves, and act according to personal favoritism. If they take even a tiny amount improperly—even if it's for community use but without permission—once an inspection proves this true, they shall not be allowed to remain.
第六其二時食者。若身無病病不頓臥。病己瘥皆須出堂。不得請食入眾。食器聽用鐵瓦。薰油二器甌椀匙筯。悉不得以骨角。竹木瓢漆皮蚌悉不得上堂。又不得摚觸己鉢。吸啜等聲含食語話。自為求索私將醬菜。眾中獨噉。犯者罰三禮對眾懺。
第七其大僧小戒。近行遠行寺內寺外。悉不得盜噉魚肉辛酒。非時而食。察得實不同止。除病危篤瞻病用醫語。出寺外投治則不罰。
第八僧名和合。柔忍故和。義讓故合。不得諍計高聲醜言動色。兩競者各罰三十拜對眾懺。不應對者不罰。身手互相加者。不問輕重皆不同止。不動手者不罰。
The eighth monastic rule is Harmony. Harmony arises from gentleness and endurance; unity comes from yielding to what is right. Do not argue, do not raise your voice, do not use harsh words, and do not become angry. Those who are in conflict with each other must each bow thirty times and confess in front of the assembly. If a monk does not respond to anger, he is not penalized. If monks strike each other with their hands or bodies, regardless of the seriousness, they are not allowed to live together. Those who do not use physical force are not penalized.
第九若犯重者依律治。若橫相誣。被誣者不罰。作誣者不同止。若學未入眾時過眾主不受。學眾未攝故。彼自言比丘故入眾。來犯重誣他者。治罰如前。
第十依經立方見病處藥。非於方吐於藥有何益乎。若上來九制聽懺者。屢懺無慚愧心不能自新。此是吐藥之人宜令出眾。若能改革後亦聽還。若犯諸制捍不肯懺。此是非方之人。不從眾網則不同止。