黃帝有熊氏
Yellow Emperor, Youxiong Clan
公孫姓。軒轅名。有熊國君少典之子。神農氏為天子。諸侯相侵伐。神農氏弗能征。諸侯侵陵。最彊暴者惟蚩尤。軒轅修德治兵。與炎帝氏戰而勝之。擒蚩尤於涿鹿殺之(今大都路涿州郡名范陽豫域)。於是諸侯咸歸軒轅。推軒轅代神農氏為天子。黃帝元年丁亥始立制度。天下不順者從而征之。其土地東至于海。西至于崆峒(今甘肅省肅州路雍州域)。南至于海。北逐獯鬻。邑於涿鹿之阿。遷徙無常。以兵師為營衛。以雲紀官。有土德之瑞。舉風后力牧犬山稽常先大鴻得六相。而天地治神明至。帝受河圖。見日月星辰之象。於是始有星官之書。命大撓探五行之情。占斗綱所建。於是始作甲子。命容成造曆。命隷首作算數。命伶倫造律呂。命車區占星氣。容成兼而總之。為文章以表貴賤。作舟車以濟不通。畫野分州得百里之國萬區。八家為井。井一為隣。隣三為朋。朋三為里。里五為邑。邑十為都。都十為師。師十為州。設左右大監。監於萬國。舉封禪之禮。作咸池之樂遠夷之國莫不入貢。黃帝二十五子。得姓者十四人。為十二姓。姬酉祁已縢箴任荀僖姞儇休。正妃二子一曰玄囂二曰昌意。皆得為諸侯。黃帝崩。人以為僊去。帝在位一百一十年(史記)。皇甫謐曰。黃帝生陝西鞏昌路秦州壽丘。塚在寧州橋山(雍州之域)。黃帝上昇之地鼎湖(今淅東道處州路仙都山陽域)。蚩尤塚(今東平路闞鄉)高七丈。民常十月祀之。有赤氣出。如疋絳帛。民名為蚩尤旗。
Gongsun was his surname, and Xuanyuan his given name. He was the son of Shaodian, the ruler of the Youxiong state. During the reign of Shennong as the Son of Heaven, the feudal lords frequently attacked and plundered one another, and Shennong was unable to stop them. The most violent and powerful among these lords was Chiyou. Xuanyuan cultivated virtue and organized his military. He fought and defeated the Flame Emperor, then captured and killed Chiyou in Zhuolu(Now the city of Zhuozhou in Dadu Circuit, in the region of Fanyang, part of Yu Province.). As a result, all the feudal lords submitted to Xuanyuan and urged him to replace Shennong as the Son of Heaven.
In the first year of the Yellow Emperor's reign (the year Dinghai), he began to establish institutions. He campaigned against any regions that did not submit to his rule. His territory extended east to the sea, west to Kongtong(Now Suzhou in Gansu Province, in the region of Yong Province.), south to the sea, and north to the lands of the Xunyu barbarians. He established his capital at the foot of Mount Zhuolu. He was constantly on the move, using his army as a mobile palace and guard. He named his officials after clouds, and his rule was blessed with the virtue of earth. He appointed six ministers: Fenghou, Limu, Dashanji, Changxian, and Dahong. Through their governance, heaven and earth were well ordered, and the spirits descended.
The Emperor received the River Chart, from which he perceived the patterns of the sun, moon, and stars. This marked the beginning of written records on astrology. He ordered Danao to investigate the essence of the Five Elements and to observe the positions of the Big Dipper. From this, the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches were established. He ordered Rongcheng to create the calendar, Lishou to invent mathematics, and Linglun to create musical notes. He ordered Chequ to study the signs of the stars and celestial energy. Rongcheng oversaw and integrated these tasks.
He created ceremonial writing to distinguish social ranks. He built boats and carts to facilitate travel. He divided the land into provinces and established a system of states: one hundred li states numbered ten thousand in total
易乾鑿度曰。昔燧人氏仰觀斗極以定方名。庖犧因之而畫八卦。黃帝受命。使大撓造甲子。容成次曆數。五行九宮之說自此而興。故說卦云。陽數九者。立天之道曰陰與陽陰。二陽一則天有三焉。立地之道曰柔與剛。柔二剛一則地亦有三焉。立人之道曰仁與義。義二仁一則人亦有三焉。三三合九。陰陽相包以成萬物。
The *Qian Zuo Du* (a commentary on the *Book of Changes*) states: In ancient times, the Suiren people observed the Big Dipper and the pole star, thus establishing the names of the directions. Based on this, Fuxi drew the eight trigrams. When the Yellow Emperor received the mandate of Heaven, he ordered Da Nao to create the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches, and Rong Cheng to *then* compile the calendar and numerology. From this arose the doctrines of the Five Elements and the Nine Palaces. Therefore, the *Shuo Gua* (a commentary on the trigrams) says: *The number nine for Yang: "The way of Heaven is established by Yin and Yang"*—with two Yin and one Yang, Heaven thus has three [principles]. *"The way of Earth is established by Soft and Hard"*—with two Soft and one Hard, Earth thus has three [principles]. *"The way of Humanity is established by Benevolence and Righteousness"*—with two Righteousness and one Benevolence, Humanity thus has three [principles]. Three times three makes nine. Yin and Yang embrace each other, thereby creating the ten thousand things.
指南車 黃帝蚩尤戰。蚩尤為大霧。軍士皆迷。黃帝作指南車以示四方。遂擒蚩尤殺之有熊國 今河南新鄭是也(史記)。
The South-Pointing Chariot: When the Yellow Emperor fought Chi You, Chi You created a thick fog, causing all the soldiers to lose their way. The Yellow Emperor then built the South-Chariot to show them the four directions, and they captured and killed Chi You. The Youxiong Kingdom: This is present-day Xinzheng, Henan Province (Records of the Grand Historian).