---
title: "律抄第三卷手決 · 27 逼前求雨衣過前用戒"
description: "律抄第三卷手決是佛教律宗重要典籍，相传为唐代高僧道宣律师所著。该书成书于中国佛教律学鼎盛时期，系统总结了佛教戒律的精要，尤其侧重比丘、比丘尼的日常行为规范与戒律实践。内容涵盖衣、食、住、行等僧团生活细节，并阐释持戒与修行的内在关联。作为南山律宗的核心文献之一，该手決不仅为唐宋时期僧团提供了权威戒律指南，更对汉传佛教律学体系的形成产生深远影响，至今仍被视为了解佛教戒律思想的重要参考。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcwplq4a277sjs04nop06z1q"
---

### 逼前求雨衣過前用戒二十七

> Chapter 27

二時中得者。謂是求衣時也。即三月十六日已後也。若三月十六日已前得者。即犯過前求竟無再犯後用也。七月十六日已過後用也。若三月十六日用者。過前用也。若潤三月後三月求之。至七月十六日應著。一處不應用。用者吉也。亦不須捨。明年准常用也。了論云。雨衣者為護三衣故須此衣。若路行時覺天欲有雨即取此衣蓋身上。有大雨路行時。脫三衣壁牒舉之著此衣行。雨中於露處浴亦著此衣。浴語通以受濕故名浴。非以著浴故名浴。舍勒者半泥洹僧也。多論云。三月十六日應求應作乃至四月十五日亦爾者。從三月十六日至三月盡求作。若得成衣四月一日應畜不合用也。若不成衣至四月十五日聽求聽作迷日准前四月一日只合畜不合用。彼與安居同日受用故。與四分不同。四分半月應用浴。即四月一日得用。若捨作餘用若著浴若浣若舉者。此並開失法吉。具足文云。六群比丘一切時去夏冬常求雨衣不捨。雨衣便持餘用。見有雨衣猶裸形浴。乃至呵言。不應如此。下開文云。犯者三月十六日求四月一日用己上開提罪若捨雨衣已乃更作餘用。若著浴衣浴不裸形。無雨衣若作雨衣。若浣染若舉處深無犯。十種衣者。一綿衣。二白疊衣。三毛衣。四貯麻衣。五野麻衣。六家麻衣。七白羊毛衣。八鳥毛衣。九絳亦正也。色羊毛衣。十尨色羊毛衣。雨浴衣因毘舍㑢。每請佛及僧。婢白時到見。諸比丘雨中裸浴。因發八願。請佛食已取一卑床在佛前座。而白佛言。唯願世尊當與我願。佛言隨意。白言。有客比丘從遠方來。不知所趣願。世尊聽我。與客比丘食盡形供給。二遠行比丘。或以為食故而不及伴。聽我與遠行。比丘食盡形供給。三有病比丘。不得隨意食。即便命終。若聽我隨病食其病得差。四者與病比丘隨意藥。五與看病比丘食。六常聽比丘粥。七與比丘雨衣。八與比丘尼浴衣也。

> Regarding the timing for obtaining the rain cloth: the appropriate time is during the period of seeking clothing, which begins after the sixteenth day of the third month. If it is obtained before the sixteenth day of the third month, that would be considered seeking it too early, and there is no further offense for later use. After the sixteenth day of the seventh month, it may be used. If it is used on the sixteenth day of the third month, that would be using it too early. If it is sought during the intercalary third month or the later third month, it should be worn from the sixteenth day of the seventh month onward. It should not be used in a different place; using it in the proper place is auspicious. There is no need to discard it; the following year, it should be used as usual. According to the \*Vinaya Commentary\*, the rain cloth is needed to protect the three robes. When traveling and sensing that rain is about to fall, one should take this cloth and cover the body with it. During heavy rain while traveling, one should remove the three robes, fold and store them, and wear this cloth instead. When bathing in an open area during rain, one should also wear this cloth. The term "bathing" is used because it involves getting wet, not because one wears it while bathing in the conventional sense. The \*śroṇa\* is a half undergarment. According to the \*Multi-Commentary\*, from the sixteenth day of the third month until the fifteenth day of the fourth month, one should seek and make the cloth. If the cloth is completed by the first day of the fourth month, it may be kept but not used. If it is not completed, one may continue seeking and making it until the fifteenth day of the fourth month. <note>Uncertain day</note> As before, on the first day of the fourth month, it may only be kept but not used. That tradition connects its use with the start of the rainy retreat, which differs from the \*Four-Part Vinaya\*. In the \*Four-Part Vinaya\*, the cloth may be used for bathing after half a month, meaning it can be used from the first day of the fourth month. If one discards it for other uses, wears it for bathing, washes it, or stores it, these are all permissible leniencies for minor offenses of losing the proper method. The full text states: "The group of six monks constantly sought rain cloths at all times—during summer, winter, and rainy seasons—without discarding them. They used the rain cloths for other purposes. Even when they saw rain coming, they bathed naked." It further criticizes: "This should not be done." The subsequent leniency text states: "If one seeks the cloth on the sixteenth day of the third month and uses it on the first day of the fourth month <note>The above opens the offense of the pātayantika</note>, if one discards the rain cloth and then uses it for other purposes, or wears it while bathing to avoid nakedness, or makes a rain cloth when there is none, or washes and dyes it, or stores it properly, there is no offense." The ten kinds of cloth are: 1. Cotton cloth, 2. White felt cloth, 3. Woolen cloth, 4. Stored hemp cloth, 5. Wild hemp cloth, 6. Domestic hemp cloth, 7. White sheep's wool cloth, 8. Bird feather cloth, 9. Crimson—also considered proper—colored wool cloth, 10. Multicolored wool cloth. The rain bathing cloth originated from the laywoman Viśākhā. She often invited the Buddha and the monastic community for meals. Her servant announced that it was time and observed that the monks were bathing naked in the rain. This inspired her to make eight vows. After offering food to the Buddha, she took a low seat before him and said: "I wish the World-Honored One would grant me my wishes." The Buddha replied: "Ask as you wish." She said: "When guest monks arrive from afar and do not know where to go, I wish the World-Honored One would permit me to provide food for them throughout their lives. Second, for monks traveling far, who might miss their companions due to seeking food, I wish to provide food for them throughout their lives. Third, when monks are ill and cannot eat as they wish, and die as a result, if I am permitted to give them food according to their illness, they may recover. Fourth, I wish to give medicine to ill monks as they need. Fifth, I wish to provide food for those who care for the sick. Sixth, I wish to always offer gruel to the monks. Seventh, I wish to give rain cloths to the monks. Eighth, I wish to give bathing cloths to the nuns."