---
title: "釋氏要覽 · 擇友"
description: "释氏要览由北宋高僧道诚于天禧年间编集。本书诞生于佛教深入中国社会各层面的宋代旨在为僧侣及在家居士提供一部实用的佛教知识百科。全书分三卷二十四门系统梳理了佛教术语制度仪轨修行方法及日常规范等内容。其内容简明扼要语言通俗被誉为宋代佛教入门经典之作对了解汉传佛教的制度文化与日常生活具有极高的史料价值是研究中国佛教史的重要基础文献。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcwt06lp1xveie04cusvzyyv"
---

### 擇友

> Choosing Friends

擇友

> Choosing Friends

順正論云。善友者。能為眾行本故。歡豫經云。賢友者。乃萬福之基也。現世免王者之牢獄。死則杜三塗之門戶。外天得道。皆賢友之助矣○大莊嚴論云。若人親近有智善友。能令身心內外俱淨。斯則名為真善丈夫○毘奈耶云。阿難白佛。善知識者。是半梵行。諸修行者。由善友力。方能成辦。佛言。是全梵行。若得善伴與其同住。乃至涅槃無事不辦。故名全梵行。

> The \*Abhidharma-nyāyānusāra\* says: A good friend is the foundation of all virtuous deeds. The \*Scripture of Joy and Rejoicing\* says: A virtuous companion is the basis of all blessings. In this life, one escapes imprisonment by the king; in death, one blocks the paths to the three lower realms. Even attaining the heavenly realms or enlightenment ultimately comes through the support of a virtuous companion. The \*Great Treatise on Adornment\* says: If a person draws close to a wise and virtuous companion, it can purify both body and mind, inside and out. Such a person is truly called a noble one. The \*Vinaya\* says: Ananda said to the Buddha, "Having a good spiritual friend is half of the pure and holy life. Practitioners only succeed through the power of a good friend." The Buddha replied, "Having a good spiritual friend is the whole of the pure and holy life. If one has a virtuous companion<note>by one's side</note> living with them, then until nirvāṇa is reached, there is nothing that cannot be accomplished. Therefore, it is called the 'whole of the pure and holy life.'"

四品友

孛經云孛者即佛因中為藍達國王師時名也孛謂王曰。友有四品。一如華友。謂好時插頭。萎時捐棄於地。見富貴則附。貧困則捨。是也。二如秤友。謂。物重頭低。物輕則仰。有與則敬。無與則慢。是也。三如山友。譬如金山。鳥獸集之。毛羽蒙光。貴能榮人。富樂同歡。是也。四如地友。百穀財物。一切仰之。施給養護。恩厚不德。是也前二友不可親厚。

朋友三要

因果經云。婆羅門優陀夷。聰明多智。淨飯王勅為太子友。白太子言。朋友有三要法。一者見有失輒相曉諫。二見有好事深生隨喜。三在苦厄不相棄捨。

得善友

常行四法。

龍王經云。一不慢不諂常加恭敬。二柔和慎言。三不自大。四常受言教。

親友七法

四分律云。具七法方成親友。一難作能作。二難與能與。三難忍能忍。四密事相告。五互相覆藏。六遭苦不捨。七貧窮不輕。

視朋友五事

尸迦越經云。一見作惡往屏處曉諫呵止。二所有急事當奔赴救護。三所有私語。不得說向他人。四常相敬難。五所有好事當多少分與之。

庸人

音義云。謂常愚短。心不節慎。口無法言。惡人為友。此名庸人。

染習

佛本行經云。世尊與難陀比丘至魚肆。佛令難陀取少籍魚草。握少時棄之。令臭手問之。難陀曰。唯有腥臭之氣。又至香店令取裹香紙。掬少時棄之。復問難陀。答唯聞香氣。佛語難陀。善友惡友相染習亦復如是。若親善友。必定當得廣大名聞。

察間諜

間字去聲。謂被中間言語鬪亂根本毘奈耶云。朋友不得因他語便相棄捨。若聞他語當善觀察謂徵其辭察有罪也。