初分緣起品之一(釋經題本梵語)
Chapter on the Origins, Part One
般(音鉢本梵音云鉢囉（二合）囉取羅字上聲兼轉舌即是也其二合者兩字各取半音合為一聲古云般者訛略也)若(而者反正梵音枳孃（二合）枳音雞以反孃取上聲二字合為一聲。古云若者略也)波(正梵音應云播波箇反引聲)羅(正梵音應云囉准上取羅上聲轉舌呼之)蜜多(正云弭多弭音迷以反)具足應言摩賀(引)鉢囉(二合)枳孃(二合)播(引)囉(轉舌)弭多 梵云摩賀(唐言大)鉢囉(二合)枳孃(二合唐言慧亦云智慧或云正了知義淨作此解)播(引)。
Prajñā<span class="note">The original Sanskrit in the sound bowl is "pra" (combined), where the "ra" is pronounced with an upper tone and a rolled tongue; the two letters each take half a sound. The ancient pronunciation "pan" was a brief approximation.</span>pāramitā<span class="note">The correct Sanskrit is "pāramitā," pronounced with an extended sound.</span> should be fully expressed as Mahā<span class="note">Sanskrit for "great"</span>prajñāpāramitā. In Sanskrit, "Mahā" means "great," "prajñā" is rendered as "wisdom" or "insight" or "perfect understanding"—this is the interpretation given by Yijing.
囉弭多(唐言彼岸到今𢌞文云到彼岸如上所說雖是本正梵語略音已行難為改正般若波羅蜜多久傳於世愚智共聞今之所論為造經音解其文字及釋梵語不可不具說也但欲廣其學者知見耳實非改易經文已下諸經中有正梵語及論文字是非皆同此例取捨今古任隨本志)。
"羅弭多" — in the Tang language, it means "reaching the other shore." In the current version, it is rendered as "arriving at the other shore." As mentioned above, although the original Sanskrit is correct, the transliteration has been abbreviated over time, and once this practice became widespread, it is difficult to correct. "般若波羅蜜多" has been passed down through the ages, heard by both the wise and the ignorant alike. The purpose of this discussion is to explain the pronunciation of the scriptures, clarify the characters, and elucidate the Sanskrit terms, which cannot be fully covered otherwise. It is meant to broaden the knowledge of scholars—this is not truly an alteration of the scriptural text. In the following scriptures, wherever there are authentic Sanskrit terms or discussions of textual correctness, they all follow this same principle. Whether to adopt or discard them is left to the individual's judgment, according to ancient or modern practice.
薄伽梵(五印度梵語也大智度云如來尊號有無量名略而言之有其六種薄伽梵是總稱也義曰眾德之美尊敬之極也古譯為世尊世出世間咸尊重故佛地論頌曰)。
Bhagavan(This is a Sanskrit term used across the five regions of India. According to the Great Treatise on the Perfection of Wisdom, the Tathagata has countless honorific titles, of which six are commonly summarized, with "Bhagavan" being the general designation. Its meaning is the excellence of all virtues and the utmost reverence. In ancient translations, it was rendered as "World-Honored One," because both worldly and supramundane beings hold him in highest esteem. As the verse in the Treatise on the Grounds of Buddhahood states:).
自在熾盛與端嚴 名稱吉祥及尊貴
如是六種義差別 應知總號薄伽梵
Self-abiding, radiant, and majestic, Renowned for grace, honor, and noble name— These six distinctions in meaning, know them well, Together they are called "Bhagavan," the Blessed One.
(此為文含多義譯經者故存梵言後有梵語及陀羅尼句准此應知)。
重擔(上柱勇反上聲字下躭濫反廣雅擔負也以木荷物也說文舉也從手詹聲經有從木作檐誤也)。
等為(說文等字從竹從寺下榮偽反為字上從爪經作為訛略也)。
摧滅(上藏雷反顧野王云摧折也考聲剉也說文擠也擠音精禮反從手崔聲也下彌結反王逸注楚辭云滅消也玉篇沒也說文盡也從水烕聲也烕字從戌從火)。
熈怡(上虛飢反字統云熈和也考聲美也從灬巸聲也巸音同上灬音必遙反下以之反考聲怡喜悅也說文和也從心台聲台本古文以字也)。
嚬嘁(上毘寅反下酒育反文字集略云嚬者嘁眉也顧野王曰嚬嘁者憂愁思慮不樂之貌也考聲云嘁𭉊忸怩也說文涉水則嚬嘁古文作顰亦作𧭹今從省略下嘁字或作蹙亦同古文作𦟠經文作蹙非本字訓為竆也迫也罪也急也非經義也)。
罣礙(上華寡反下我葢反說文䋄礙也從冈從圭省聲礙止也從石疑聲也)。
捨軛(於格反俗字也正作軛從車從戶從乙鄭眾注考工記云轅端壓牛領木軛也)。
尼師壇(梵語略也正梵音具足應云𩕳史娜曩唐譯為敷具今之坐具也𩕳音寧頂反)。
兩趺(甫無反俗用字也正作跗鄭注儀禮云足上也經文有作𧿤未詳也)。
兩跟(岡恩反字統云足後曰跟說文足踵也從足從根省聲也踵音腫也)。
四踝(華瓦反蒼頡篇云在足側高處也聲類云足外附骨也內外為四踝說文足踝從足從稞省聲稞音同上)。
兩脛(形定反玉篇脛足䠊膓前大骨也說文足胻也胻音幸從肉從逕省聲也腓音𦘺)。
兩腨(遄耎也文字集略云脛之腹也說文足䠊膓也或作𨄔踹膞四形竝同今從肉遄音船)。
兩膝(骨逸反玉篇膝脛上頭也說文脛頭骨節也正體從卪作䣛卪音節桼音七經從肉作膝時用字也)。
兩䯗(鼙米反考聲䯗股也說文正從骨作脾脾股外也卑聲也或作䠋古字也今經從月作䏶非也本無此字)。
𦝫脅(香業反或作脇亦同說文肚兩傍也從肉劦音叶從三力經從三刀作脅非也)。
臍中(情奚反字書云當腹之中曰臍說文膍臍也從肉齊聲也或下從肉亦同膍音毘)。
胷臆(上香邕反說文胷膺也案膺即臆也或作匈亦通下應力反說文臆亦胷骨也從肉從億省聲也經從月誤也)。
兩腋(盈益反又攴亦反竝通埤蒼云在肘後也古今正字腋胳也從肉從液省聲胳音各)。
兩髆(膀莫反字林云髆胛也說文肩脾也從骨從博省聲經多從月作膊非也音普博反郭璞云披割牛羊五藏謂之膊非經義脾音卑專從甫從寸)。
兩肘(張柳反說文臂節也從肉從寸或作杻䏔皆古字也)。
兩臂(卑寐反說文手上也即掌後肘前謂之臂從肉辟聲也)。
兩腕(烏灌反或作捥皆俗用字也鄭玄注儀禮云掌後節也揚雄曰腕握也案寸口前掌後曰腕)。
項胭(上瓨講反說文云前曰頸後曰項下宴堅反聲類胭喉也蒼頡篇胭也古今正字從肉因聲案胭即頸之異名也或作𦝪臙皆古字也經從口作咽非也頸音經郢反咽音宴瓨音項江反)。
頥頷(上以伊反下含感反方言頤頷互名也文字集略云頦也說文輔車骨也從頁頁頭也𦣞含皆聲也經從[└@(耜-耒)]非也[〡*臣]音夷頦音孩也)。
頰頟(上兼葉反廣雅頰輔也玉篇云目下耳前曰頰或從肉作脥亦通下牙格反方言頟顙也說文從頁從格省聲也經從客作額俗字也)。
毫相(上胡高反集訓云長銳秀毛下息亮反如來眉間長毛也觀佛三昧經云其毛白色在佛眉間引而申之長一丈三尺五寸縱之即右旋卷成螺文三十二大相之中最上相也)。
俱胝(音知天竺國數法名也案花嚴經阿僧祇品云十萬為一洛叉此國以數一億一百洛叉為一俱胝俱胝三等數法之中此即中數之名也)。
那庾多(庾音羊主反亦數法名也古云那由他花嚴經云俱𦙁為阿庾多又數中即是上等大數名也皆竆至本方變其名)。
殑伽(西國河名也上其疑反下語佉反為就梵音作此翻古名恒河即前說四大河之一南面河也)。
綺飾(上欺紀反范子計然云綺出齊郡案用二色彩絲織成文花次於錦厚於綾說文云有文繒也從糸奇聲也下商織反集訓云服著華麗也考聲云裝也修理清潔也說文刷也從巾飤聲也)。
𥿳滑(上思計反孔注尚書細小也說文微也從糸囟聲也糸音覓囟音信下患八反廣雅滑媺也玉篇不濇也濇猶澀也說文利也從水骨聲也媺音美古美字也濇音色)。
輕耎(乳兖反考聲云耎弱也韻英云柔也說文從而從大又古作[葷-車+(〦/儿/瓦)]說文柔韋也從北從古𥥟或作腝渜經文作軟非也竝無此字也)。
極[火*(晏-女+(大/((犀-尸)-牛+十)))](下包貌反廣雅𤒺熱也考聲云燒柴火烈作聲也韻英火灹曰𤒺說文灼也從火𤒺聲也灹音摘嫁反灼音章藥反)。
盲者(陌彭反說文云目無眸子曰盲從目亡聲經作盲或作盲皆俗字也)。
聾者(祿東反左傳云耳不聽五音之和謂之聾杜預曰聾暗也說文聲也)。
瘂者(鵶賈反考聲云不能言也案瘂人雖有聲而無詞說文闕古今正字瘂瘖也從疒亞聲經從口作啞非也音厄笑聲也非經義鵶音烏加反疒音女厄反)。
醒悟(上星淨反又音星賈逵曰醉除解為醒形聲字也)。
疲頓(上音皮玉篇疲倦也釋名勞也轉注字下敦遁反考聲困極也說文下首也從頁屯聲也)。
樂靜(上五教反下音靖玉篇云靜思也息也安也謚法曰遠離囂妄曰靜轉注字也)。
捨諠(吁袁反聲類諠譁也鄭玄注禮記囂也或從雚作讙形聲字也雚音灌有從口作喧俗用非正)。
欻爾(暉律反蒼頡篇欻猝起也猝音村訥反薛綜曰欻忽也說文云有所吹起也從欠炎聲)。
撓亂(上拏絞反廣雅亂也說文擾也從手堯聲也)。
暎蔽(上英敬反考聲暉也韻英云傍照也從日英聲經從央作映非也音烏朗反不明也非經義也下卑計反廣雅云隱也掩也史記障也說文小草貌從草敝聲)。
蘇迷盧山(梵語寶山名或云須彌山或云彌樓山皆是梵音聲轉不正也正梵音云蘇迷嚧嚧字轉舌唐妙高山俱舍論云四寶所成東面白銀北面黃金西面頗梨南面青琉璃大論云四寶所成曰妙出過眾山曰高或名妙光山以四色寶光明各異照世故名妙光也)。
伎樂(其綺反下五角反說文云五聲八音總名也象鼓鼙之形木其𧇽也鍾磬之跗曰𧇽從虍從異𧇽音渠語反)。
寶鐸(上寶字說文珤也從宀珤貝珤音同上下唐洛反鄭玄注周禮云鐸大鈴也)。
南贍部洲(時染反去聲梵語此大地之總名也古譯或名譫浮或名琰浮或名閻浮提皆梵語訛轉也正梵音云㣅謨立世阿毘曇論云有贍部樹生此洲北邊泥民陀羅河南岸正當洲之中心北臨水上於樹下水底南岸下有贍部黃金古名閻浮檀金樹因金而得名洲因樹而立號故名贍部音如譫音之葉反㣅音蠶覽反覽字取上聲呼之)。
東勝身洲(古云弗于逮或云弗婆提或云毘提呵皆梵語輕重不同也正梵音云補囉嚩尾禰賀義譯為身勝毘曇云以彼洲人身形殊勝體無諸疾量長八肘故以為名也)。
西牛貨洲(古云瞿伽尼或云俱耶尼或云瞿陀尼皆梵音楚夏不同也正梵云過嚩抳此義翻為牛貨毘曇論說以彼多牛用牛貨易故以為名瞿音具愚反嚩音無可反抳音尼𩐈反)。
北俱盧洲(古名鬱單越或名鬱怛囉或云欝多羅拘樓或名郁多羅鳩留皆梵語輕重不同也正梵音云嗢怛羅矩嚕此譯為高勝阿毘曇論云地方高大定壽千歲無諸苦常受樂勝餘洲故名高勝嗢音烏骨反嚕音魯字轉舌)。
紹尊(時遶反爾雅紹繼也釋名遠也諡法曰遠繼先位曰紹從糸召聲也糸音覓)。
千莖(幸庚反考聲莖本也草本曰莖從草巠聲)。
聽往(體盈反考聲云以耳審聲也許也信也說文聆也從德從耳壬聲也聆音靈德音德壬音體郢反)。
發引(上蕃八反說文䠶發也從弓從殳癶箭發聲也蕃音發班反䠶音蛇蔗反殳音殊癶音普末反下引音寅印反從弓從亻或從人作𢎢說文開弓也)。