施設論卷第一
Establishment of Doctrine, Volume One
西天譯經三藏朝散大夫試光祿卿傳梵大師賜紫沙門臣法護等奉 詔譯
對法大論中世間施設門第一(按釋論有此門，梵本元闕)
Treatise on the Abhidharma, Chapter on the Establishment of the World, First<note>According to the commentary, this chapter exists,
對法大論中因施設門第二
Abhidharmamahāvibhāṣā, Second Chapter on the Establishment of Causes
論中問曰：有何所因，轉輪聖王所有女寶，妙色端嚴眾所樂見，超人狀貌如天色相？答：轉輪聖王彼女寶者，往昔修因其事廣大，能以清淨諸物布施，所謂清淨眾莊嚴具，并餘飲食衣服、塗香粖香、床座舍宇及燈明等。以如是因故，輪王女寶妙色端嚴眾所樂見，超人狀貌如天色相。
In the treatise, it was asked: "What is the cause whereby the wheel-turning sage-king possesses the jewel of a woman, whose wondrous form is graceful and pleasing to all, whose appearance surpasses the human state and resembles the complexion of a heavenly being?"
The answer: "That jewel of a woman belonging to the wheel-turning sage-king—in the past she cultivated a cause whose scope was vast. She was able to give in charity with pure objects, namely, pure and various adornments, as well as other offerings such as food and drink, clothing, perfumes and incense, beds and seats, dwellings, and lamps. Due to such causes, the wheel-turning king’s jewel of a woman possesses a wondrous form, graceful and pleasing to all, whose appearance surpasses the human state and resembles the complexion of a heavenly being."
又問：何因輪王女寶，不白不黑膚色中均，不長不短、不肥不瘦身分亭等？答：彼女寶者，往昔修因其事廣大，能行布施，謂以諸色香味皆具足者飲食等物，自手持奉，起無慢心行於布施。以如是因故，所有女寶不白不黑膚色中均，不長不短、不肥不瘦身分亭等。
Question: For what reason is the complexion of the Wheel-Turning King's female treasure neither white nor black, but of a balanced hue; and her form neither tall nor short, neither fat nor thin, but perfectly proportioned?
Answer: That female treasure, in past lives, cultivated causes of vast and extensive deeds, practicing generosity. Namely, with food, drink, and other things possessing all excellent colors, fragrances, and flavors, she personally offered them with her own hands, giving with a mind free from arrogance. Due to such causes, the female treasure's complexion is neither white nor black, but of a balanced hue; her form is neither tall nor short, neither fat nor thin, but perfectly proportioned.
又問：何因輪王女寶，寒時溫暖適意快樂？答：彼女寶者，往昔修因其事廣大，謂若有時冬際嚴凝大風吹擊，境色極寒人所惶畏。女寶是時，於其父母知識及師尊所并餘沙門婆羅門眾不生惱害，而復愛樂不惱害者，即以溫暖事用所攝，所謂衣服臥具、塗香粖香、床座舍宇、爐炭火具并餘溫暖應用等物，廣行布施。以如是因故，輪王女寶，寒時溫暖適意快樂。
Question: For what reason does the Wheel-Turning King's gem of a woman bring warmth, comfort, and happiness in cold times? Answer: The gem of a woman, in past lives, cultivated causes of vast and extensive practice. That is to say, when in winter the cold was severe, with fierce winds blowing and the environment bitterly frigid, causing people to tremble and fear, this gem of a woman, at such times, harbored no harmful intent toward her parents, friends, teachers, elders, or other śramaṇas and brāhmaṇas. Instead, she delighted in not causing harm and engaged in acts characterized by warmth. Namely, she widely practiced giving with things pertaining to warmth: clothing, bedding, ointments, powdered incense, seats, dwellings, charcoal, fire-making tools, and other articles for applying warmth. Due to such causes, the Wheel-Turning King's gem of a woman brings warmth, comfort, and happiness in cold times.
又問：何因輪王女寶，熱時清涼適悅快樂？答：彼女寶者，往昔修因其事廣大，謂若有時熱際炎燠日光熾逼，隨熱生蟲，人極增惱。女寶是時，於其父母知識及師尊所并餘沙門婆羅門眾不生惱害，而復愛樂不惱害者，即以清涼事用所攝，謂持衣服臥具、塗香粖香、床座舍宇、承足寶机、寶嚴環釧、多摩羅香，及多羅香所成眾具并餘應用等物，廣行布施。以如是因故，輪王女寶，熱時清涼適悅快樂。
Question: For what reason does the Wheel-Turning King's jewel-like consort bring coolness, comfort, and joy during the heat? Answer: The jewel-like consort, in her past cultivation, performed deeds of great magnitude. That is to say, when in times of heat, the scorching sun blazed intensely, and as the heat arose, insects multiplied, causing people extreme distress. At such times, the jewel-like consort, toward her parents, acquaintances, teachers, elders, and other śramaṇas and brāhmaṇas, did not give rise to harmful thoughts. Moreover, she delighted in those who caused no harm and engaged in acts imbued with cooling qualities. These included giving clothing, bedding, fragrant ointments and powders, seats, dwellings, jeweled footstools, jeweled adornments such as bracelets and anklets, sandalwood incense, and various articles made of tāla leaves, along with other necessities, all generously bestowed. Due to such causes, the Wheel-Turning King's jewel-like consort brings coolness, comfort, and joy during the heat.
又問：何因輪王女寶，身諸毛孔有旃檀香，口中常出優鉢羅花香？答：彼女寶者，往昔修因其事廣大，謂於父母知識及師尊所并餘沙門婆羅門眾不生惱害，而復愛樂不惱害者，即以沈水、薰陸、欝金、多摩羅等及餘上妙諸香，廣行布施。以如是因故，身諸毛孔有旃檀香，口中常出優鉢羅花香。
Question: For what reason does the Wheel-Turning King's gem of a woman have sandalwood fragrance emanating from all the pores of her body, and from her mouth constantly issues the fragrance of the utpala lotus?
Answer: That gem of a woman, in her past cultivation, engaged in practices of vast merit. She caused no vexation or harm to her parents, teachers, friends, elders, or to other śramaṇas and brāhmaṇas, and moreover she delighted in those who do no harm. She also extensively practiced generosity by offering sandalwood, frankincense, turmeric, tamāla bark, and other supreme fragrant substances. Due to such causes, all the pores of her body emit the fragrance of sandalwood, and from her mouth constantly issues the fragrance of the utpala lotus.
又問：何因輪王女寶，侍從轉輪聖王，先起後坐不失規儀，隨何所作悉能承奉，勤力無慢而復愛語？答：轉輪聖王於長時中，隨所作用善業增強，長養成熟現前勝報。以如是因故，獲感女寶愛語承順。
Question: For what reason does the jewel of the consort of the wheel-turning king, attending upon the wheel-turning sage king, rise before him and sit after him without ever violating proper decorum, and in all actions is able to serve and comply, diligent and without negligence, and moreover speaks with loving words?
Answer: The wheel-turning sage king, over a long period of time, has cultivated and enhanced wholesome karma through his actions, nurturing and maturing it until it manifests as an excellent present reward. Due to such causes, he attains the jewel of a consort who speaks with loving words and serves him with compliance.
又問：何因輪王女寶能令轉輪聖王悅意稱順，然無染心，況乎身語無不調柔？答：轉輪聖王具大威德，於彼彼眾生曾無異心，超人意表。以如是因故，所感女寶悅意稱順，然無染心。
Question: For what reason does the jewel of the consort of the wheel-turning king cause the wheel-turning sage king to be pleased, compliant, and agreeable, yet without defiled thoughts, and moreover, in body and speech, she is entirely gentle and harmonious?
Answer: The wheel-turning sage king possesses great majestic virtue and has never harbored improper intentions toward any being, transcending ordinary human inclinations. Due to such causes, the jewel of the consort he attains is pleasing, compliant, and agreeable, yet without defiled thoughts.
又問：何因輪王女寶，王欲行時或坐立時而悉先知，即向王前作是白言：「快哉聖王！所欲行邪或坐立邪，悉當隨從。」答：彼女寶者，往昔修因其事廣大，謂具慈心，於欲界中觀諸眾生，於義所欲、於利所欲及安樂欲，或若眾生起無利欲、不安樂欲，悉起慈心、慈眼觀視。以如是因故，輪王女寶，於王進止而悉先知。
Question: For what reason does the jewel among women of the Wheel-Turning King, whether the king wishes to move or to sit or stand, know it all beforehand, and thus approaches the king to announce: "Excellent, O Sacred King! Do you wish to move, or to sit or stand? I shall follow you accordingly."
Answer: That jewel among women, in past lives, cultivated causes of vast and extensive practice. That is to say, she possessed a mind of loving-kindness, observing all sentient beings within the desire realm—their desires for meaning, for benefit, and for happiness; or if sentient beings gave rise to desires devoid of benefit or happiness, she would arouse a mind of loving-kindness and gaze upon them with eyes of compassion. Due to such causes, the jewel among women of the Wheel-Turning King knows in advance all the king's movements and pauses.
又問：何因輪王女寶，超勝世間常品女人，如星中月？答：彼女寶者，往昔修因其事廣大，謂自不殺生，復教他人持不殺戒。自不偷盜、不邪染、不妄語、不飲酒，復教他人一一修持。以如是因故，輪王女寶超勝諸女，如星中月。
Question: For what reason is the Wheel-Turning King's precious queen superior to ordinary women of the world, like the moon among the stars? Answer: That precious queen, in past lives, cultivated causes of vast and extensive deeds: she herself abstained from killing, and also taught others to uphold the precept of not killing. She herself abstained from stealing, from sexual misconduct, from false speech, and from intoxicants, and further taught others to practice each of these. Due to such causes, the Wheel-Turning King's precious queen surpasses all other women, like the moon among the stars.
又問：何因輪王女寶不乳產邪？答：一切女人共所病者，謂即胎藏乳產之苦。彼女寶者，於長時中少病少惱，作諸善業長養成熟，現前勝妙果報克成。以如是因故，輪王女寶而不乳產。
Question: For what reason does the royal consort of a wheel-turning king not give birth through childbirth? Answer: The common affliction of all women is the suffering of pregnancy and childbirth. That royal consort, for a long time, has had little illness and few troubles, cultivating wholesome deeds that have matured and ripened, bringing forth the present, excellent, and wondrous fruition. Due to such causes, the royal consort of a wheel-turning king does not give birth through childbirth.
又問：何因輪王女寶先於輪王而趣命終？答：彼女寶者，修諸善業長時不斷，現前勝妙果報克成。以如是因故，輪王女寶，先於轉輪聖王而趣命終。
Question: For what reason does the Wheel-Turning King's gem of a queen pass away before the Wheel-Turning King?
Answer: That gem of a queen cultivates various virtuous deeds continuously over a long time, and the present, excellent, and wondrous fruit of her actions swiftly ripens. Due to this cause, the Wheel-Turning King's gem of a queen passes away before the Wheel-Turning King.
又問：何因輪王女寶，於諸女中獨得生天？答：彼女寶者，本性賢善而復廣修十善業道。以如是因故，輪王女寶於諸女中獨得生天。
Question: For what reason does the Wheel-Turning King's precious consort alone among women attain rebirth in the heavens?
Answer: That precious consort, by her inherently virtuous nature, furthermore extensively cultivates the ten wholesome paths of action. Due to such causes, the Wheel-Turning King's precious consort alone among women attains rebirth in the heavens.
又問：何因轉輪聖王得有主藏臣寶？答：轉輪聖王，往昔修因其事廣大，謂若有時極寒極熱，王於彼等寒熱時中，於其父母知識及師尊所及餘沙門婆羅門眾不生惱害，而復愛樂不惱害者，隨時應用妙好醫藥，及所愛樂上味飲食并餘所須，承事供給。彼等受已，身無不潔、衣無不覆，於晝夜中常受快樂。以如是因故，轉輪聖王而能獲得主藏臣寶。彼主藏臣寶者，大富自在、廣多眷屬、庫藏珍寶、財穀豐盈、受用增積。善業報生而具天眼，能見伏藏，若有主宰、若無主宰、若水若陸、若近若遠。來詣轉輪王所，乃至種種豐足供給勤力無倦，恭白王言：「天子所須財寶等事，悉能奉上。」過去一時，有轉輪聖王意欲試驗主藏臣寶，即命寶船涉水游行，乃召主藏臣寶而謂之曰：「汝今宜應以財寶等供我所須。」時主藏臣寶白彼轉輪聖王言：「聖王就岸，我當奉上王之所須。若不就岸，事應難作。」時王即當迴以寶船安泊岸側。彼主藏臣寶前詣王所，右膝著地，肅恭嚴奉作潔淨已，二手捧持四金所成上妙寶瓶，滿盛眾寶獻奉王前，白言聖王：「受我所奉上妙眾寶。」即說頌曰：
Question: For what reason does the Wheel-Turning Sage King obtain the treasure of the chief treasurer? Answer: The Wheel-Turning Sage King, in past lives, cultivated the cause through extensive practice. That is, in times of extreme cold or extreme heat, during those periods of cold and heat, he did not cause harm or distress to his parents, friends, teachers, or other śramaṇas and brāhmaṇas. Instead, he delighted in non-harm and, according to the season, provided them with excellent medicines, delicious food and drink, and other necessities, serving and supplying them. Having received these, their bodies were free from impurity, their clothing was fully covering, and they constantly experienced happiness day and night. Due to such causes, the Wheel-Turning Sage King is able to obtain the treasure of the chief treasurer.
This treasure of the chief treasurer is one of great wealth and independence, with a vast retinue, treasuries filled with jewels, abundant grains and wealth, and increasing enjoyments. Born from the fruition of good karma, he possesses the divine eye, able to see hidden treasures—whether they have an owner or are ownerless, whether in water or on land, whether near or far. He approaches the Wheel-Turning King and diligently, without weariness, provides all kinds of ample supplies, respectfully addressing the king: "O Sovereign, whatever treasures and wealth you require, I am able to offer them."
Once in the past, a Wheel-Turning Sage King wished to test the treasure of the chief treasurer. He commanded a jeweled boat to travel across the water and summoned the chief treasurer, saying to him: "You should now supply me with the treasures and wealth I require."
Then the chief treasurer addressed that Wheel-Turning Sage King: "O Sage King, please come ashore, and I will offer what you require. If you do not come ashore, it will be difficult to accomplish."
The king then turned the jeweled boat and moored it by the shore. The chief treasurer approached the king, placed his right knee on the ground, respectfully and solemnly made himself pure, then with both hands held up a superb jeweled vase made of four kinds of gold, filled with various jewels, and presented it before the king, saying: "O Sage King, accept the superb jewels I offer."
He then spoke this verse:
「清陰細雨從天降， 俯近炎天盛夏時，
舉以眾寶奉輪王， 及施餘諸貧匱者，
彼等受已皆快樂， 丐者咸生歡喜心。
由斯業報廣無窮， 獲得最勝大財富，
有大神力具天眼， 當為轉輪聖王尊。」
Cool shade and fine rain descend from the heavens, Drawing near the blazing heat of midsummer. They offer manifold jewels to the Wheel-turning King, And give also to all other poor and destitute beings. Having received them, all are joyful; Every beggar’s heart is filled with delight. Through this karma, vast and boundless, They obtain supreme and greatest wealth, Possess great spiritual power and the divine eye, And shall become Wheel-turning Sage Kings.
又問：何因主藏臣寶，獲得大富、廣多庫藏、受用增積？答：主藏臣寶，往昔修因其事廣大，謂能布施一切沙門婆羅門眾、諸貧窮者、諸往來者、諸乞丐者，授以飲食衣服、花鬘塗香、床座舍宇、燈明等物。以如是因故，主藏臣寶獲得大富、廣多庫藏、受用增積。
Question: By what cause does the treasure of the chief treasurer attain great wealth, abundant and extensive treasuries, and increasing accumulation of enjoyments? Answer: The treasure of the chief treasurer, in past cultivation, engaged in vast and extensive deeds, namely: he was able to give alms to all śramaṇas and brāhmaṇas, to all the destitute, to all travelers, and to all beggars, bestowing upon them food and drink, clothing, garlands and perfumes, beds and seats, dwellings, lamps, and other such things. Due to such causes, the treasure of the chief treasurer attains great wealth, abundant and extensive treasuries, and increasing accumulation of enjoyments.
又問：何因主藏臣寶，勝業報生能具天眼，於諸伏藏，若有主宰、若無主宰、若水若陸、若近若遠而悉觀見？答：主藏臣寶，往昔修因其事廣大，謂於父母知識及師尊所并餘沙門婆羅門眾不生惱害，而復愛樂不惱害者，又於世間普為一切癡黑暗冥作光明照，授與燈明及然燈具，破諸冥暗悉使明亮。以如是因故，主藏臣寶勝業報生能具天眼，水陸遠近悉見伏藏。
Question: For what reason does the treasure of the chief treasurer, born from superior karmic retribution, possess the divine eye, enabling it to perceive all hidden treasures—whether they have a guardian or are without a guardian, whether in water or on land, whether near or far—and see them completely? Answer: The treasure of the chief treasurer arises from vast practices cultivated in the past. This means not causing harm or vexation to parents, friends, teachers, elders, or other śramaṇas and brāhmaṇas, and furthermore delighting in those who do not cause harm. Moreover, it means universally becoming a luminous illumination for all beings in the world who are shrouded in the darkness of ignorance, bestowing lamps and lighting implements, dispelling all obscurity and making everything bright. Due to such causes, the treasure of the chief treasurer, born from superior karmic retribution, possesses the divine eye and completely perceives hidden treasures in water, on land, whether near or far.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, it is said in verses:
「飲食衣服花鬘等， 往昔曾興清淨心，
自手持奉開施門， 復以燈明照諸暗。
得為主藏大臣寶， 近侍名稱轉輪王，
廣多富盛具大財， 能獲天眼見伏藏。」
"With offerings of food, clothing, and garlands, In the past, a pure heart was raised; Personally presenting them, opening the gate of generosity, And with lamps illuminating all darkness.
One attains the treasure of a chief treasurer, Becoming the renowned attendant of a wheel-turning king, Vastly prosperous, endowed with great wealth, And gains the divine eye to perceive hidden treasures."
又問：何因轉輪聖王得有主兵臣寶？答：轉輪聖王，往昔修因其事廣大，謂於父母知識及師尊所并餘沙門婆羅門眾不生惱害，而復愛樂不惱害者，於諸昏黑暗冥作光明照，施以燈具悉使明亮。以如是因故，轉輪聖王得有主兵臣寶。彼主兵臣寶者，聰叡明利、善喻善察、智慧具足。至於王所，以現世事正法義利輔贊於王，於他世事正法義利亦悉輔贊。於兵眾中，知其王意，存者存之、去者去之；不勞王力，亦復不假四兵運用，無使疲懈，而彼一切自然歸伏。
Question: For what reason does the Wheel-Turning Sage King possess the treasure of the commander-in-chief? Answer: The Wheel-Turning Sage King, in past lives, cultivated causes of vast and extensive deeds. That is to say, toward parents, learned friends, teachers, elders, and other śramaṇas and brāhmaṇas, he caused no harm or vexation, and moreover delighted in those who did no harm. For all beings in darkness and obscurity, he became a light that shone brightly, bestowing lamps and implements to make everything luminous. By such causes, the Wheel-Turning Sage King obtained the treasure of the commander-in-chief.
That treasure of the commander-in-chief is wise, discerning, and sharp-witted, skilled in persuasion and observation, endowed with wisdom. Coming before the king, he assists and advises the king with righteous Dharma and benefit in present matters, and likewise assists and advises in righteous Dharma and benefit for future matters. Among the troops, he understands the king’s intent: those who should remain are kept, those who should depart are sent away. Without exhausting the king’s strength, nor needing to deploy the fourfold army, without causing fatigue or slackness, all naturally submit and are subdued.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「世間昏黑暗冥者， 普作燈明為照曜，
施諸燈具及光明， 悉使廣大皆明亮。
又於父母及知識， 并餘沙門婆羅門，
廣作燈明普照明， 咸得破暗而煥曜。
由斯善業施安樂， 并餘善作諸勝事，
輪王以此勝報因， 獲得大智主兵寶。」
"In the world where darkness and gloom prevail, He becomes a lamp of light that shines for all, Offering lamps and radiance, Making all vast and bright.
For parents, teachers, and friends, And for other śramaṇas and brāhmaṇas, He widely makes lamps to illuminate everywhere, Dispelling darkness so all may glow.
Through this wholesome deed of giving ease, And other virtuous acts of excellence, The Wheel-Turning King, by this cause of supreme reward, Obtains the great wisdom and the treasure of the army."
又問：何因主兵臣寶，聰叡明利、善喻善察、具有智慧？答：彼主兵臣寶，往昔生中昔因建立，乃至極遠生生之前已盡已滅得為人時，於諸沙門婆羅門聰叡明利、具有智慧、善伺察者，故往親近恭敬請問：何者是善？何者不善？何者有罪？何者無罪？何者所作當得勝上、離諸罪業？隨所聞已依法修行，常善伺察、常善思惟，若事若因勤求請益，作極拔事、行普救因，增極恪志逼切而行。以如是因故，聰叡明利、具有智慧。
Question: For what reason is the treasure of the commander-in-chief wise, intelligent, sharp-witted, skilled in explanation and discernment, and endowed with wisdom?
Answer: That treasure of the commander-in-chief, in past lives, due to actions established in former times—even in the most distant lives, long past, already exhausted and ceased—when born as a human, would approach, revere, and respectfully inquire of śramaṇas and brāhmaṇas who were wise, intelligent, sharp-witted, endowed with wisdom, and skilled in discernment: What is wholesome? What is unwholesome? What is blameworthy? What is blameless? What actions lead to excellence and freedom from blameworthy deeds? Having heard accordingly, he would practice in accordance with the Dharma, constantly discerning well, constantly reflecting well, diligently seeking instruction regarding matters and causes, performing deeds of utmost rescue, practicing causes of universal salvation, increasing extreme earnestness and pressing forward with urgency. Due to such causes, he became wise, intelligent, sharp-witted, and endowed with wisdom.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「往昔親近諸智者， 勤求伺察眾善因，
發起最上利益心， 於一切處無退倦。
主兵臣寶由斯力， 今得聰叡具智明，
迅疾發興精進心， 今為輪王主兵寶。」
In the past, I drew near to all wise ones, Diligently seeking and examining every virtuous cause. With the aspiration to bring forth the highest benefit, In all places, I never grew weary or retreated.
Through the power of these deeds, I now possess keen intelligence and clear wisdom. Swiftly arousing a mind of vigorous effort, I now become the Wheel-Turning King’s General of the Army.
對法大論中因施設門第三
Abhidharma Mahāvibhāṣā, Third Chapter on the Establishment of Causes
總說頌曰：
General Summary Verse:
轉輪聖王而具有， 輪寶象馬并珠寶，
女寶主藏及主兵， 長壽無病具色相，
適意自在復多子， 廣如第三蘊中說。
The Wheel-Turning Sage King possesses The wheel, elephant, horse, and jewel treasures, The treasure of a queen, treasurer, and general, Long life, freedom from illness, and a splendid appearance, With ease, sovereignty, and many offspring— As extensively described in the third aggregate.
如論中說，轉輪聖王即同如來、應供、正等正覺。
As stated in the treatise, the Wheel-Turning Sacred King is identical to the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, it is said in verse:
「如論所說轉輪王， 即同無上大法王，
於此大地境界中， 轉大法輪作善利。
以彼轉輪聖王者， 應觀即同佛如來，
咸起悲心愍世間， 廣利一切大寂默。」
"As the teachings speak of the Wheel-Turning King, He is none other than the Supreme Dharma King. Within the realm of this great earth, He turns the great Dharma wheel, bestowing wholesome benefit.
That Wheel-Turning Sacred Monarch, Should be regarded as identical to the Buddha, the Thus-Come One. All arise with compassionate hearts, pitying the world, Vastly benefiting all beings in great tranquility."
如轉輪聖王有輪寶者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺出現世間所說聖八正道法。以佛所說八正道者，能破世間一切煩惱，於諸法中得無障礙。
Just as the Wheel-Turning Monarch possesses the wheel treasure, it should be understood that this is the same as the appearance in the world of the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One, who proclaims the Noble Eightfold Path. For the Eightfold Path taught by the Buddha is capable of destroying all afflictions in the world and attaining unobstructed freedom among all phenomena.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「轉輪聖王輪寶者， 於此大地能摧伏；
如佛開演八正門， 解除一切魔怨縛。」
The wheel-treasure of the wheel-turning sage king, Can subdue all upon this earth; Just as the Buddha opens the gate of the Eightfold Right Path, It severs all bonds of Māra and enmity.
如轉輪聖王有象寶者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺所說四神足法。以佛所說四神足者，能破世間一切煩惱，於諸法中得無障礙。
Just as the Wheel-Turning Sacred King possesses the elephant treasure, it should be understood as equivalent to the four bases of spiritual power taught by the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One. For the four bases of spiritual power taught by the Buddha are capable of destroying all afflictions in the world and attaining unobstructed mastery among all phenomena.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「轉輪聖王白龍象， 騰空來往悉自在；
如來神足亦復然， 瞿曇名稱廣神化。」
The Wheel-Turning Sage King's white elephant king, Soars through the skies, coming and going with perfect ease; The Tathāgata's spiritual power is likewise thus, The Gautama, famed and widely manifesting divine transformations.
如轉輪聖王有馬寶者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺所說四正斷法。以佛所說四正斷者，能破世間一切煩惱，於諸法中得無障礙。
Just as the Wheel-Turning Sage King possesses the treasure of the horse, it should be understood that this is the same as the Four Right Efforts taught by the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One. For the Four Right Efforts proclaimed by the Buddha are able to destroy all the afflictions of the world and attain unobstructed mastery among all phenomena.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「輪王青身妙馬寶， 圓具調馴迅若風；
如佛四正斷法門， 速證無為寂靜果。
馬相嚴好頭頂黑， 而彼馬寶輪王乘；
四正斷法亦復然， 瞿曇名稱廣自在。」
The Wheel-Turning King's sapphire-hued wondrous horse treasure, Perfectly endowed, well-tamed, swift as the wind; Like the Tathāgata's four right efforts, It swiftly attains the unconditioned, tranquil fruit.
The horse's form is splendid, its head crowned with black, And that horse treasure the Wheel-Turning King rides; So too are the four right efforts— Widely sovereign is the renown of Gautama.
如轉輪聖王有珠寶者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺天眼具足。以佛如來具天眼者，隨諸眾生有所樂欲，佛以天眼悉能觀察。
Just as a wheel-turning sage king possesses a precious jewel, it should be known that it is the same as the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One, who is endowed with the divine eye. For the Buddha Tathāgata, being endowed with the divine eye, is able to observe with his divine eye whatever desires and inclinations all beings may have.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「輪王瑠璃妙珠寶， 普遍照曜悉光明；
如來天眼亦復然， 普遍觀照悉無礙。」
"The Wheel-Turning King's lapis lazuli wondrous gem, Universally shines forth all radiance; The Tathāgata's divine eye is likewise so, Universally beholding all without obstruction."
如轉輪聖王有女寶者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺喜覺支法。
Just as the Wheel-Turning Sacred King possesses the Jewel of the Maiden, it should be understood that this is identical to the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One’s factor of enlightenment known as joy.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「轉輪聖王妙女寶， 眾所樂觀復悅意；
喜覺支法亦復然， 瞿曇名稱善適悅。」
The Wheel-Turning Sage King's wondrous woman jewel, Is pleasing to behold and delightful to all; So too is the enlightenment factor of joy, O Gautama, your renown brings wholesome delight.
如轉輪聖王有主藏臣寶者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺四姓親近，謂剎帝利、婆羅門、吠舍、首陀，於佛世尊現所恭敬，持以飲食衣服及餘床座病緣醫藥奉上世尊。
Just as the Wheel-Turning Sage King possesses the Treasure of the Minister of Treasury, one should know it is the same as the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One being approached by the four castes—namely, the kṣatriyas, brāhmaṇas, vaiśyas, and śūdras—who, in the presence of the World-Honored One, show reverence, offering food, drink, clothing, as well as beds, seats, medicines for illness, and other necessities to the World-Honored One.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「如彼轉輪大聖王， 最上大富具大財；
瞿曇聖主大名稱， 四姓恭敬亦如是。」
"Like that great wheel-turning sage king, Supremely wealthy, possessing great riches; The Śākyan sage, of great renown, Is likewise revered by the four castes."
如轉輪聖王有主兵臣寶者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺具大勝慧。以佛大慧，能破世間一切煩惱、解除魔縛，於諸法中得無障礙。
Just as the Wheel-Turning Sacred King possesses the treasure of a commander-in-chief, it should be known that this is identical to the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One, who is endowed with great supreme wisdom. With the Buddha’s great wisdom, He is able to destroy all worldly afflictions, release the bonds of Māra, and attain unobstructed freedom among all phenomena.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, it is said in verses:
「主兵臣寶善伺察， 復能決擇諸義利；
如來大慧亦復然， 解除魔怨諸結縛。」
The Jewel Minister of War excels in discernment, And further determines all meanings and benefits; The Tathāgata's great wisdom is likewise so, Dispelling the bonds of Māra's enmity and fetters.
如轉輪聖王壽命長遠久住世者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺久住世間，隨諸眾生所有願求悉令圓滿。若住一劫或過一劫，是謂長壽。轉輪聖王正法化世住壽一劫，亦復如是。
Just as the long life and enduring presence of a Wheel-Turning Sage King in the world should be understood as identical to the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One abiding long in the world, fulfilling all the wishes and aspirations of sentient beings. Whether abiding for one kalpa or beyond one kalpa, this is called longevity. In the same way, the Wheel-Turning Sage King, ruling the world through righteous Dharma, abides for a kalpa.
如轉輪聖王少病惱者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺無諸損惱病苦不生。
Just as the Wheel-Turning Sage King is rarely afflicted by illness, it should be understood that the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One is likewise free from all harm, distress, and sickness, and no suffering arises.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, it is said in the verse:
「轉輪聖王少病惱， 最上正法化世間；
世尊大師具名稱， 無病無惱常安樂。」
The Wheel-Turning Sage King is free from illness and distress, Teaching the supreme Dharma to transform the world; The World-Honored Great Teacher, renowned in name, Is ever free from sickness and affliction, abiding in constant peace and joy.
如轉輪聖王妙色端嚴具三十二大丈夫相，一切人眾傾渴瞻仰者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺三十二相清淨圓滿，一切眾生瞻仰無厭。
Just as the Wheel-Turning Sage King, with his magnificent and dignified appearance, possessing the thirty-two marks of a great being, is gazed upon with eager reverence by all people, so too should it be known that the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One, with his thirty-two pure and perfect marks, is beheld by all beings with inexhaustible admiration.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「輪王正法化於世， 相好端嚴眾樂觀；
亦如世尊妙相嚴， 最勝功德皆具足。」
The Wheel-Turning King's righteous Dharma transforms the world, His marks and features are majestic, a delight for all to behold; Just as the World-Honored One is adorned with wondrous marks, The most supreme virtues are all fully perfected.
如轉輪聖王眾所瞻覩生悅意者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺一切眾生欣樂瞻仰，覩者咸生適悅之心。
Just as the Wheel-Turning Sage King is beheld by all with joyful delight, so should it be known that the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One, is gazed upon with delight by all beings, and all who behold Him give rise to a heart of serene joy.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, the verse states:
「輪王正法化世間， 見者咸生欣悅意；
如來大師最上尊， 眾生瞻覩皆欣慶。」
The Wheel-Turning King's righteous Dharma transforms the world, All who behold it are filled with joyful delight; The Tathāgata, the supreme and most venerable Master, All beings who gaze upon Him rejoice with gladness.
如轉輪聖王千子圓滿色相妙好勇猛無畏善伏他軍者，應知即同如來、應供、正等正覺善化一切眾生修行得果，勇猛無畏，摧煩惱力，趣真實道。
Just as the thousand sons of a wheel-turning sage king are perfect in form, excellent in appearance, valiant, fearless, and skilled in subduing other armies, so too should one understand that the Tathāgata, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One, skillfully transforms all beings, enabling them to practice and attain the fruit, valiant and fearless, crushing the power of afflictions, and proceeding on the path of truth.
復次頌曰：
Furthermore, it is said in verse:
「轉輪聖王有千子， 勇猛無畏色相嚴，
能摧他軍具力能， 正法真實而治化；
如來大師化眾生， 悉使修行住果位，
四向四果無畏尊， 此等是謂八人地。」
施設論卷第一
Treatise on Establishment, Volume 1