---
title: "八識規矩論義 · 前言"
description: "八識規矩論義是清代佛教學者善漳等人對玄奘大師八識規矩頌的論釋錄集，屬唯識學重要注疏。該書以性起論為核心，系統闡述阿賴耶識、末那識及前六識的體性、功能與轉依機制，融合如來藏思想與唯識理路。作者立足唐代唯識框架，結合清代漢傳佛教實踐需求，深化了識變理論與修證次第的關聯。此論為研究唯識學與漢傳佛教思想演進的關鍵文獻，在唯識宗典籍中具有承先啟後的學術地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcy7g3js02k4l8042h7jwrhu"
---

△今云八識者。以一本。散為萬殊。故云。唯識者。萬殊為一本。今云唯識者。即黎耶識也。以心外而無法也。又唯者。非他人之所成也。唯我黎耶藏識之所生耳。又唯者。成也。即根塵器界及轉識。并心所法者。總在藏識。獨自成耳。故問。何以自成。非他力也。答。如人墮餓鬼道。見水成膿血。或變成火。故目連救母送飯。變成火炭。天人見水是琉璃。魚成窟宅。又善財。參大光明王。眾生在城中。或見此城。似琉璃。或見此城中。俱七寶成。或見此城中。是沙土木屋。豈非是唯心業力。各人之所現也。是故自心業力強故。者見種種各異。非心外有色可見。隨自心故。何則。以各人自心業力種強。如餓鬼。共一處住。彼此不見。似同一室。成各夢故。即為心也。此通凡情唯心。若佛果中。成大光明藏。是白淨識名曰。毗盧遮那佛也。

> Now we discuss the Eight Consciousnesses: The fundamental One Source disperses into the myriad phenomena. Therefore, "Consciousness-only" means that the myriad phenomena return to this One Source. When we speak of "Consciousness-only" today, it refers to the Ālaya Consciousness (the Store-house Consciousness), because nothing exists outside the mind. Furthermore, "only" means that nothing is created by any other agency—everything is produced solely by my own Ālaya Store-house Consciousness. "Only" also means "accomplished": the sense organs, sense objects, the material world, the active consciousnesses, and all mental factors—all of these are accomplished entirely within the Store-house Consciousness itself. You may ask, "Why are they accomplished by themselves? Is there no external force involved?" Answer: For example, when a being falls into the realm of hungry ghosts, they see water as pus and blood, or as fire. That is why when Maudgalyāyana tried to offer food to his mother, it turned into burning coals. But heavenly beings see the same water as crystal, while fish see it as their dwelling place. Another example: The youth Sudhana visited King Mahāprabhāsa. The beings in the city saw it differently—some saw it as crystal, others saw it entirely made of seven precious jewels, yet others saw it as sand, timber, and earthen houses. Is this not simply the power of each being's karmic mind revealing different appearances? Therefore, because the power of each mind's karma is strong, beings see all kinds of different things. It is not that there is any color or form outside the mind to be seen. Everything appears according to each person's own mind. How can this be? Because the karmic seeds in each person's mind are so powerful. For instance, hungry ghosts may dwell in the same place yet not see each other, just like multiple people in the same room all having different dreams. This is the nature of mind. This explanation applies to the ordinary mind of sentient beings. However, at the level of Buddhahood, it becomes the Great Light Store-house, which is the Pure White Consciousness, also known as Vairocana Buddha.

所云。八識者。俱在心數。非心所故。云八識者。一眼識。二耳識。三鼻識。四舌識。五身識。六意識。七末那識。八阿黎耶識。今識本無異名。因用處各別。故識帶數量。謂帶數釋名。今云五識者。依根得名。依眼得名。故云眼識。乃至依身得名。故云身識。名隣近釋也。又眼不是耳。乃至耳不是身識。即相違釋也。又名依士。釋以根劣仗識方見。故名依士釋也。如父仗子名力故。又名依主釋。識為能依。根為所依。故名依主釋。又名持業。有財。六七八識中。釋耳。因玄祖始出八識母頌共四十八句。分為四科解釋。

> The so-called Eight Consciousnesses all belong to the mental functions; they are not the mind itself. When we speak of the Eight Consciousnesses, they are: 1. Eye-consciousness, 2. Ear-consciousness, 3. Nose-consciousness, 4. Tongue-consciousness, 5. Body-consciousness, 6. Mind-consciousness, 7. Manas-consciousness, 8. Alaya-consciousness. Originally, consciousness has no separate names; it is only because its functions vary that we speak of it in terms of numbers. Thus, consciousness is described with numerical labels—this is called "numerical designation." Now, the term "five consciousnesses" is derived from their respective sense organs. For example, eye-consciousness is named based on the eye, and similarly, body-consciousness is named based on the body. This is called "proximate designation." Furthermore, the eye is not the ear, and the ear is not the body-consciousness—this is known as "mutually exclusive designation." There is also the "dependent designation": because the sense faculties are weak, they rely on consciousness to see. This is called "dependent designation," just as a father depends on his child for the name of "father." Another is "primary designation": consciousness is the primary, while the sense organ is the basis. Hence, it is called "primary designation." There are also "action-holding" and "possessing-wealth" designations. In the cases of the sixth, seventh, and eighth consciousnesses, these are explained accordingly. Thus, the Patriarch Xuan Zang originally composed the "Eight Consciousnesses' Mother Verses," totaling forty-eight lines, which are divided into four sections for explanation.

-   ○第一科五識轉成所作智頌十二句
-   ○第二科六識轉妙觀察智頌十二句
-   ○第三科七識轉平等性智頌十二句
-   ○第四科八識轉大圓鏡智頌十二句

四科中先論五識章十二句云。

> In the four categories, let us first examine the chapter on the five consciousnesses, which contains twelve lines.