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  1. Lotus Sutra Comprehensive Outline (法華統略)
  2. Sutra of the Original Vows of the Medicine Buddha Lapis Laz (上本)
  3. Exposition of the Preface, Chapter One (釋序品第一)
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Lotus Sutra Comprehensive Outline (法華統略)


如是,即是信也。藥王品云:此經於一切諸經中,窮深極大。法師品云:於三世說中,最難信解。今略敘之,以驗佛語也。所言大者,彌倫太虗;稱甚深者,眇然無際。大義有四:一、明四實、四權、四因、四果,即一經之大意也。二、近該華嚴之始,竟雙樹之終也。三、攝釋迦過去成佛,逸多不見其始;未來湛然不變,群聖莫惻其終。時長化廣,莫不入其內也。四、總括十方三世諸佛,從一切實起一切權,攝一切權以歸一切實,謂窮大矣。雖復教彌六合而無言,通現十方而不動,眇然無際,謂之深矣。若不樹此信心,則未有如是。又若信法華深大,謂己身心不深大,與法華異者,蓋是窮子受財,謂是長者物耳。今寄如是一事,可將萬義類之。明明法華既深大,即己身亦深大。且就一無生釋之,明此身本自不生,即本不凡。本不凡故,本非六道。若是凡,可轉凡成聖,故有三乘。既無六道凡可轉,何有成三乘聖耶?故此身超三乘,越六趣,即是本來一相,名為一乘。諸佛用本不生為身,名為法身。既不生,何有於滅?即是無生滅壽。既本不生,一切生心動念,畢竟清淨,即是淨土。若達一身,四果便辨,即此不生,亦具四因。故智度論云:順忍名乘動,無生忍為乘出。順此不生,漸息生見,名之為動。無生現前,出離於生,名為乘出。故了悟無生,即一乘因也。故無生現前,是內弘義。防令不起生念,謂內護法義。若如行而說,是外弘。亦令他防生心動念,是外護。如此內外弘護,是法身因,故得無生法身果也。無生長壽因者,經云:慈悲是長壽因也。世間但悲於物,而不自傷。以理言之,先須自傷,始可悲物。如身子歎息,云何而自欺?自欺者,諸法本不生,而我謂有身。生無生,已是顛倒,復欲滅之,令入涅槃。倒中之倒,故謂有生滅,名為自欺。今令不起生見,是大悲拔苦。令不生常現,謂大慈與樂。於自身既爾,化他亦然。作此行者,即長壽之因。次行無生,是淨土因者,得無生之壽,曉夜常淨一切生心,即除穢土之業。恒令無生現前,謂淨土因。自行既爾,他化亦然。次將明無生,作後四行者,弘無生,是弘佛道行。經云:無生即是佛也。弘無生,度生見之人,是度眾生行;降起生見眾生,是降耶行;護無生妙觀,是護法行也。次就無生起四權者,然了生宛然即無生,亦悟無生宛然而生,故能起生用,故有二乘生滅方便。所以昔於捺薗說五眾生滅,法身無生,無處不生,故王宮示生,即身方便。既無生而生,即無始而始,故有始自伽耶,謂壽方便。既無始而始,亦非穢而穢,謂土方便。故信一無生,則具四果、四因、四權、四實,謂無生之大也。無生之深者,既稱本無生,則無有生,何有不生?亦生無生,如是五句,故無生深矣。若作無生觀者,十方三世佛法並是身內,如此則於身有益。如是一句既爾竟,歡喜奉行,皆須入觀,故下經云法華是良藥,服者不須老病死也。陰入無主,為我聽受,非情曰聞,眾生心行可一之時名一時。佛者,授藥之人也。住處者,窮子服藥處,即是得子之所也。王城者,昔摩竭提界寂滅道場,救子不得處,今還於此處救子得也。昔是說根本一處,今還於此處說攝末歸本一,然本末乃異,一道不殊,如今昔處不異也。

Thus, this is faith. As the Medicine King Chapter states: "Among all sutras, this sutra is the most profound and vast." The Dharma Master Chapter says: "Among teachings of the three periods, it is the hardest to believe and understand." Now, I shall briefly explain this to verify the Buddha's words.

What is called "vast" encompasses the great emptiness; what is called "profound" is boundless and limitless. The vastness has four aspects:

First, it clarifies the four truths, four expedients, four causes, and four fruits—this is the great meaning of the sutra.

Second, it spans from the beginning of the Avatamsaka to the end under the twin trees.

Third, it includes Shakyamuni's past attainment of Buddhahood—Maitreya cannot see its beginning; it remains unchanging in the future—no sage can fathom its end. Its time is long, its transformation broad—nothing falls outside it.

Fourth, it encompasses all Buddhas of the ten directions and three periods, arising from all truths to employ all expedients, gathering all expedients to return to all truths—this is called ultimate vastness.

Though the teaching fills the six directions without words, manifests throughout the ten realms without moving, boundless and limitless—this is called profound.

If one does not establish this faith, one cannot attain this. Moreover, if one believes the Lotus Sutra is profound and vast but thinks one's own body and mind are not profound and vast—different from the Lotus—this is like the poor son receiving wealth yet thinking it belongs to the elder.

Now, using this one matter as an example, all meanings can be understood. Clearly, since the Lotus Sutra is profound and vast, one's own body is also profound and vast. Take "non-arising" as an explanation: understand that this body originally does not arise, thus it is originally not ordinary. Since it is originally not ordinary, it is originally not of the six realms. If it were ordinary, one could transform the ordinary into the sage—hence the three vehicles. But since there is no ordinary being of the six realms to transform, how could there be attainment of the three vehicles' sainthood? Therefore, this body transcends the three vehicles and surpasses the six destinies—it is the originally single mark, called the One Vehicle.

Buddhas use "originally non-arising" as their body, called the Dharma Body. Since it does not arise, how can it perish? This is the life without birth and death. Since it originally does not arise, all arising thoughts and movements of mind are ultimately pure—this is the Pure Land.

If one realizes this one body, the four fruits are discerned. This non-arising also possesses the four causes. Thus, the Great Treatise says: "The patience of conformity is called 'the vehicle moving'; the patience of non-arising is called 'the vehicle emerging.'" Conforming to this non-arising, gradually calming views of arising, is called "moving." Non-arising manifesting before one, departing from arising, is called "emerging." Therefore, awakening to non-arising is the cause of the One Vehicle.

Thus, non-arising manifesting is the meaning of internal propagation. Guarding against arising thoughts is called internal protection of the Dharma. Speaking according to practice is external propagation. Also causing others to guard against arising thoughts is external protection. Such internal and external propagation and protection are the causes of the Dharma Body, hence attaining the fruit of the non-arising Dharma Body.

Non-arising as the cause of long life: the sutra says, "Compassion is the cause of long life." The world only pities others but does not grieve for itself. In principle, one must first grieve for oneself before pitying others. As Shariputra sighed: "How does one deceive oneself?" Deceiving oneself means: all dharmas originally do not arise, yet I think there is a body. Arising from non-arising is already inverted; further wanting to extinguish it to enter nirvana is inversion within inversion. Thus, thinking there is birth and death is called self-deception.

Now, not allowing views of arising to arise is the great compassion that removes suffering. Causing non-arising to constantly appear is the great kindness that gives joy. For oneself it is thus; in transforming others it is also thus. Practicing this is the cause of long life.

Next, practicing non-arising as the cause of the Pure Land: attaining the life of non-arising, day and night constantly purifying all arising thoughts, removes the karma of the defiled land. Constantly causing non-arising to appear is called the cause of the Pure Land. One's own practice being thus, transforming others is also thus.

Next, using non-arising to perform the latter four practices: propagating non-arising is the practice of propagating the Buddha Way. The sutra says: "Non-arising is Buddha." Propagating non-arising, liberating those with views of arising, is the practice of liberating beings. Subduing beings who give rise to views of arising is the practice of subduing evils. Protecting the wondrous contemplation of non-arising is the practice of protecting the Dharma.

Next, regarding non-arising giving rise to the four expedients: realizing that arising is precisely non-arising, and also awakening that non-arising is precisely arising, one can employ arising functions—hence the expedient of birth and death for the two vehicles. Therefore, in the past, in the Deer Park, the five aggregates' birth and death were taught. The Dharma Body is non-arising, yet there is nowhere it does not arise—thus manifesting birth in the palace is the expedient of body. Since non-arising gives rise to arising, there is no beginning yet there is beginning—thus beginning from Gaya is the expedient of life. Since there is no beginning yet there is beginning, there is also non-defilement yet defilement—this is the expedient of land.

Therefore, faith in this one non-arising then possesses the four fruits, four causes, four expedients, and four truths—this is called the vastness of non-arising.

The profundity of non-arising: since it is called originally non-arising, then there is no arising—how can there be non-arising? Also, arising is non-arising. Thus, with these five phrases, non-arising is profound.

If one contemplates non-arising, the Buddhadharma of the ten directions and three periods are all within the body. In this way, it benefits the body. Since this one phrase is thus, ultimately, joyfully accepting and practicing—all must enter contemplation. Therefore, the sutra below says: "The Lotus Sutra is good medicine; those who take it need not age, fall ill, or die."

The aggregates and sense-bases have no master—for me, listening and receiving; non-sentience is called hearing. When the mental activities of beings can become one, it is called "one time." Buddha is the one who administers the medicine. The abode is where the poor son takes the medicine—the place where the son is obtained. The royal city: formerly, in the realm of Magadha, the site of the tranquil extinction path, where saving the son was not achieved; now, returning to this place, saving the son is achieved. Formerly, it was teaching the fundamental one place; now, returning to this place, teaching the gathering of the branches to return to the fundamental one. Though fundamental and branches differ, the one path is not different—just as the places of now and former are not different.

與大比丘眾者,依此經前,列聲聞者,命其子也;列菩薩者,召集證明眾也。諸方等經列聲聞者,凡有五意:一者、欲密教令迴小入大,即波若之流;二、欲顯教迴小入大,謂法華之流;三、欲舉小之劣,顯大士之勝,如華嚴等經明五百在座,有若盲聾;四、表二乘將應悟入;五、欲顯法界不隔二乘,二乘自隔法界。法界不隔二乘,故列之在座;二乘自隔法界,故有類盲聾。後之三義,並約華嚴。又三種法輪,列之各異:根本法輪,謂不密、不顯;二、支末之教,密而不顯;三、攝末歸本,顯而不密。五百在座,既不見聞,故非顯教,亦非密化,名非顯密。今說大法,密欲付財,謂密不顯;此列之,唯顯非密。比丘名乞士,手持應器,表內貯功德;身服袈裟,外示福田。余深慚於鉢,重愧於衣。問:何故前列羅漢?答:除糞已後,方委家業,故得羅漢竟,乃為說法華也。

Regarding the phrase "with a great assembly of bhikkhus" in this sutra: listing the śrāvakas before the text is to designate them as disciples; listing the bodhisattvas is to gather a witnessing assembly. In various Mahāyāna sutras, listing śrāvakas generally serves five purposes: First, to secretly teach and guide them from the lesser vehicle to the great vehicle, as seen in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras. Second, to explicitly teach and guide them from the lesser vehicle to the great vehicle, as in the Lotus Sutra. Third, to highlight the inferiority of the lesser vehicle and reveal the superiority of the great bodhisattvas, as in the Avataṃsaka Sutra, where five hundred śrāvakas are present yet remain as if blind and deaf. Fourth, to indicate that the two vehicles are about to awaken and enter the path. Fifth, to show that the Dharma realm does not exclude the two vehicles; it is the two vehicles that separate themselves from the Dharma realm. Because the Dharma realm does not exclude them, they are listed among the assembly; because they separate themselves, they remain like the blind and deaf. The latter three meanings are based on the Avataṃsaka Sutra.

Furthermore, the three Dharma wheels are listed differently: The fundamental Dharma wheel is neither secret nor explicit. The branch teachings are secret but not explicit. The teachings that return the branches to the root are explicit but not secret. Since the five hundred śrāvakas present neither see nor hear, it is neither an explicit teaching nor a secret transformation, thus called neither explicit nor secret.

Now, in teaching the great Dharma, the intention is to secretly entrust the treasure—secret but not explicit. This listing is only explicit, not secret.

Bhikkhu means "alms-seeker," holding a bowl to symbolize storing merit within, and wearing robes to outwardly show a field of blessings. I deeply feel ashamed regarding the bowl and even more so regarding the robes.

Question: Why are the arhats listed first? Answer: Only after clearing away the filth can the family estate be fully entrusted. Thus, after attaining arhatship, the Lotus Sutra is taught.

諸漏已盡者,先雇子除糞也。逮得己利者,倍與汝價,即除糞已後得一日之價也。問:婆沙云解脫通於果因,涅槃唯是果稱,何故爾耶?答:涅槃名滅度,滅於大患之果、度四流之因,故獨在果。解脫名不爾,故通也。盡諸有結者,前離現惑後離於當惑,亦先離於因後離於果。問:初離現惑後離當惑,有二體耶?答:唯是一惑,不復現行於心名離現惑,無復感未來生惑名離當惑耳。心得自在者,上正與其直謂得羅漢,今與涅槃果外諸餘功德,如瓫器米麵之物也。
釋摩訶迦葉。問:增一阿含經云:迦葉不值佛,成辟支佛。今值釋迦,故成聲聞,應勝身子。云何飜是中根人?答:三世得聲聞,極速也;六十劫證得者,極遲也。四世緣覺極速,百劫者極遲。今迦葉不及身子,此從四世已上,六十劫已還,緣覺人也;六十劫已上者,則勝身子也。緣覺有三:一、劣聲聞,如五十九劫已還人也;二、等聲聞,如六十劫人也;三、勝聲聞,六十劫已上人也。問:云何名緣覺?答:果人或藉非情而覺悟,如見華落得道;或藉人緣而悟無,如因獼猴。若是因人,則必稟十二因緣教也。問:二種緣覺:一、本是初果,迴心證緣覺;二、本乘緣覺。迦葉是何人耶?答:迴心證緣覺,本是初果聖人。佛初出世,迦葉猶是凡夫,故知是本乘人也。

Mahakashyapa asked: According to the Ekottara Agama, Kashyapa would have become a Pratyekabuddha if he had not met the Buddha. Since he met Shakyamuni, he became a Shravaka. Shouldn't he then be superior to Shariputra? Why is he classified as a person of middling capacity?

Answer: The fastest attainment of the Shravaka path is in three lifetimes; the slowest takes sixty kalpas. The fastest attainment of the Pratyekabuddha path is in four lifetimes; the slowest takes one hundred kalpas. Since Kashyapa is not superior to Shariputra, he belongs to the category of Pratyekabuddhas who require more than four lifetimes but less than sixty kalpas. Those who require more than sixty kalpas would surpass Shariputra.

There are three types of Pratyekabuddhas: 1. Inferior to Shravakas: those who attain in less than fifty-nine kalpas. 2. Equal to Shravakas: those who attain in sixty kalpas. 3. Superior to Shravakas: those who attain in more than sixty kalpas.

Question: What is meant by "Pratyekabuddha"? Answer: Some attain realization through non-sentient conditions, such as seeing falling petals and awakening. Others awaken through encounters with sentient beings, like the case of the monkey. If they are practitioners, they must rely on the teaching of the twelve links of dependent origination.

Question: There are two kinds of Pratyekabuddhas: 1. Those who were initially Stream-enterers and later turned to attain Pratyekabuddhahood. 2. Those who originally followed the Pratyekabuddha path. Which type is Kashyapa? Answer: Those who turn to attain Pratyekabuddhahood were initially Stream-enterer saints. When the Buddha first appeared in the world, Kashyapa was still an ordinary person. Therefore, it is known that he belongs to the original Pratyekabuddha type.

釋迦旃延者,是性智度論兩文證之:一云三百年有婆羅門道人性迦旃延,次云以是故,名迦旃延。若是釋子,則不作如是說,扇、繩是其別名。余親見天竺僧云:此土無物可以譯之,故存梵性。本行經亦云性迦旃延。
離婆多者,此云室星母,就星乞得,從星得名也。

Venerable Revata was so named because his mother prayed to the constellation and he was born in answer to her prayers.

劫賓那,此云分別時。
薄俱羅,此云菴羅菓,以一食施辟支佛,得五不死報,又名多忍辱,依禪法秘要。
摩訶𤘽絺羅、難陀是一人非兩人,佛初為說禪法起在此人,其人憍慢放逸,通達一切異論四皮陀十八經,以慧多定小,佛於迦蘭陀竹林初說不淨觀,經一及夏始證羅漢,備為其說本緣故方得道。
列菩薩者,上是而命其子,今是并會親族召集證明也。又上是當機眾,三周說法正為聲聞,故云為聲聞說法華也。今是發教眾,如彌勒之問、文殊之答,發起佛教也。又約昔言之,上是能教眾,今是所教眾,如命說大乘教於彌勒。又上權行眾,以我同物欲引物同我;今是實行眾,實行大道欲引小歸大。又上是失鄉之子,今是不失鄉子,不失鄉子前已得悟,失鄉之子今方改迷。
釋:菩薩摩訶薩者,智者見空及以不空,見空則越凡、見不空則越聖,故有兩名。二乘但見於空、不見不空,故唯有一稱。又二乘不求大道,當體立名;菩薩求於大道,從所求受稱。
釋不退轉,瓔珞經二文解:一云:十信中第六信名不退心,勉於位退。次文云:十住中第六住猶退,第七住不退。二文相違。今以兩義融會:一、約利鈍;二、就權實。利鈍者,利根菩薩六信已能不退,鈍根之人至六住猶退,積習善根至於七住方勉位退。次約權實行論之,六信不退,權行之人則六住猶退。故龍樹十住婆沙云:言十住退者,為怖地前菩薩令速入初地,故云退耳,其實不退也。皆得陀羅尼者,持不生觀令恒現,持生觀常令不現也。樂說辨者,內精知欲樂,外巧說諸法也。問曰:何故上嘆二乘斷惑,不歎菩薩斷惑?答:有二種:依小乘教,則二乘斷惑盡,菩薩都未斷惑也。依大乘教,二乘斷惑是生滅觀,除糞人也;菩薩無生滅智,惑本不生,無所斷也。淨名經云:不斷煩惱而入涅槃。然不斷應不入,但悟惑不生故即是涅槃,故不斷而入。前歎斷惑是毀二乘,今明不斷明美菩薩也。
釋菩薩別名凡有三義:一者、聞此勝名獲大功德,如聞彌勒名滅百億劫生死之罪等也。二、勝人依德立名,既聞其名可學其行。三者、此是體道之人,道既無名則人亦如是,無名強為立名耳。然菩薩既無名強為立名,眾生亦無名強立名,以眾生本來絕四句故強立眾生耳。今聞菩薩無名強為立名移置己身者,即悟眾生便成菩薩,有此大益也。若聞菩薩名作菩薩人見者,則菩薩便成我見也。
釋:初列文殊大品經,雖是大乘猶未癈三乘,猶符昔教其言易信,故佛自說不假菩薩弘助,故列菩薩依客舊次第。此經既癈三乘反於昔教其言難信,必須佛菩薩共弘物方信受,故列菩薩依賓主前後。韋提希者,此云雄身,其本是鞞提王女,應云鞞提。何此云雄身?以其國別是一州住故也。
釋爾時世尊四眾圍繞,敘四處七會義。此經有一義、二義、三義、四義、七義、十義、十二義。一義者,文雖七卷二十八章,統其大歸但明一道清淨,故下經云三世十方佛現通說法,諸有所作皆為一佛乘故。
二義者,有兩種經:一、無量義經,二、法華經。所以說此二經者,無量義辨其出生,法華明乎收入。要須先明出生,後方辨收入。二教相成,故一處說也。所言出生者,略有三種:一、從得生失,二、從體起用,三、從實生權。出生失者,謂失一道清淨,故有六道不同。故無量義經云:一切諸法,猶如虗空,無有二相。而諸眾生,虗妄橫計,輪迴六趣,莫能自出。如涅槃云:是一味藥,隨其流處,有六種味。二、從體起用者,謂諸佛體悟一道清淨,欲化六道眾生,出生一切身、一切教。故經云:眾生根性無量,教亦無量。教無量故,義亦無量。無量義者,從一法生。始從華嚴,終竟法華之前。一切諸教,皆從一法生。是以經云:初說人天二乘,乃至摩訶波若、華嚴、海空,及菩薩諸行也。三、從實生權,謂從一佛乘出生三乘。問:無量義經但明出生,法華前一切教當教亦有出生耶?答:無量義欲融會諸教故,當教亦有出生,故有井池不同而水無異。譬此明理實無異,約眾生根性別得道不同也。次對上三種出生,即明三種收入:一、收六道同歸一原,故會一豪善並皆成佛。二、攝用歸體,始從寂滅道場,終竟雙林之說同歸一道,是故經云如來說法一相一味究竟涅槃,常寂滅相終歸於空。三者、攝權歸實,即會三乘入一乘也。然雖通明三種出生、三種收入,正為三乘人明三從一生,寧不歸一?次判今昔,昔但當教明義,未辨出生一切、一切收入,此經是結束融會,故從體起一切用,攝一切用以歸體也。
次辨二名。從體起用,用有多門,名無量義。從用歸體,體無有二,故受妙法之名。
次分略廣,從體起用則略,但有一會說法一卷之文,攝用歸體則廣,故有多會之說者,此經正明收入故也。又三世佛以歸一為正意故廣明之,出生非佛正意故略辨,有昔未辨收入故今廣明之,昔已廣辨出生今但略說也。次引喻,既有二經明出生收入,今引兩喻,出生如阿耨達池出四大河,收入如四河合流同歸大海等一醎味也。
次明三義,即是三段:初六事,謂說經因緣分,二正說經分,三從普賢品末信受奉持分。
次明四義者,即是四土:初在穢土說法,二在淨土說法,三住淨土普為十方淨穢人說法,四還在穢土說法。所以明四土者,欲明一切諸佛土權實義。一切諸土不出五句:一但穢非淨,即初說處是也。二但淨非穢,第二說身權實處是也。三亦淨亦穢處,即神力品已去也。住於淨土現通說法名為淨土,令十方淨穢同得見聞,故復有穢土也。第四還住穢土,分身已散土還復穢,囑累品末已去也。此即含有非淨穢義。斯法華經是諸佛秘密神通,難信難解,今當述之。若如淨名顯現法門,初穢、次淨、後還復穢,今是甚深秘密,望前欲明收入非淨穢義。後淨土雖隱不明其現,故知隱無所隱,雖淨非淨。穢土雖現而不明其現,故知現無所現,雖穢非穢。故欲收入非淨非穢實相之土,望後復有出生之義。雖非淨穢出生淨穢,故淨穢雙遊,故分身還淨、釋迦住穢、妙音來時遊於穢土,皆是甚深難思議事也。
次明四處:一、有處說法,即初分經也;二、從見塔已去,昇空說法,故佛住空接眾,亦在於空;三、亦空有處說法,即神力品,此會佛及上眾,俱處虗空,十方同見,具空、有二處;四、還住有處,故佛從塔起,歸於本座,大眾亦然。此中亦有收入、出生之義,望前則有收入。所以然者,釋迦經雖從空住有,而不明其事,當知雖空不空,雖有不有,即收空有入中道,非空有也。望後即出生義,雖非空有,而空有雙遊,多寶住空,釋迦居有,一切佛土雖多,亦不出空有二處也。問:後明空有,與淨穢何異?答:此即有三身三土,謂化身住穢土,應身住淨土,法身住空,即非淨穢土也。
次明七義者,謂華嚴七處八會,此經四處七會。初會說無量義經,多人得道。二會說乘權實法門,直往菩薩疑除,迴小之人蒙記。三會說身權實法門,無量眾生得大法喜種大善根,即見塔已去也。第四會龍宮不思議眾集說法界違順大用,淨穢二土蒙益者多,即提婆品已去也。第五會千世界塵數菩薩集說壽權實法門,十二種人皆得受道,即踊出竟常不輕也。第六會住於淨土現五種神力總說法華,十方眾生皆蒙法利,即神力品也。
第七會,說一切菩薩行法門,無量眾生皆悟道,迄藥王去也。
次明十義有二種:一者、文十;二者、義十。初文十者,即成十段,仍生起七會,無一豪乖越。七會有二次第:一、次機緣次第,故會會中有人得道,佛應機而說。二、義次第者,前如是六事明說經因緣具足,今第二、正明說法,將辨攝多歸一,故先明從一生多,故初會說無量義經也。既明從一生多義顯,次即明攝多歸一,故第二、明乘權乘實法也。乘權乘實者,但明所乘之法,次明能乘之人,故辨身之權實也。自上從一生多,攝多歸一,所乘之法及能乘之人明十方佛及釋迦法界順用法門,但釋迦一代有兄弟二人作違順兩用,上已明順用,故次辨違用,釋迦既爾,十方佛亦然。自上已來辨於違順,但明釋迦現在一期之事耳。故今次明久證法身未來不滅,逸多不見其始,彌勒莫惻其終,不慮而知照窮法界,不動而應十方現前,無言可吐教彌八極,無權不開無實不現,十二蒙益八種瑞相,故有第六會明壽權實也。自上久近諸事,但利淨穢二生之緣,別明權實之教,未暢眾聖之意,故現五種神通,總說一切權實,令十方同益二世咸聞,故名有第七會。始自一會終,竟利於十方,皆是明十方佛及釋迦佛果事竟,又故第八宜付屬也。付屬佛法既竟,次明十方三世諸菩薩行化法門,故有第九會,即第九章也。說果明因一期事竟,一切菩薩一切二乘一切凡夫歡喜禮佛而退,故有第十信受奉持分也。
次義十者,有十雙義。然此經具一切義,震領提綱,略舉其十:初總明十方佛,從體起用,攝用歸體,一雙也。次從體起用,攝用歸體,明法。次辨身權實,辨人,人法一雙也。上人法是順用下,明其違,謂違順一雙也。違順是一代之近。次明久遠之事,謂久近一雙也。上久近多是說法輪下,明現五種神力,滿百千歲,救度眾生,謂神通輪,即神通說法一雙也。自上二輪,皆明果德。次辨因行,謂因果一雙也。次明治病,初出生收入,明乘權實,正破眾生執三乘異病。從身權實竟經,乃至雙林之教,破眾生執佛無常病,一切病唯此二也。執異病亦是自迷,執無常病謂迷他。初二是迷因,次二是迷果。初亦是非常謂常,後是非無常謂無常,本疏已釋也。即破兩病一雙,明七會說法之意也。次約三世佛說,不說一雙。諸佛多說前乘權實法門,既明出生收入,於義已圓。何者?二乘非究竟,即是無常;佛乘究竟,名為常住。既辨乘權實,即身權實已彰,不復須說後分,亦不須多寶佛塔。多寶佛塔為破惡世鈍根無常執,故踊現耳。故燈明朝說法華,夕即取滅,都不明身權實事。大通智勝佛亦然,即說不說一雙。次明根利鈍一雙,以成前義。利根聞乘權實,即解身權實,不須更說後分;中根者更須說後分,無常執乃除;下根者於法華不悟,乃至涅槃教方乃解耳。問曰:何以知上根者初分已解身耶?答曰:身子開乘權實,即解佛權實,故云:如今者世尊,從生及出家,得道轉法輪,皆以方便說。乃至中根人亦悟三身,故有垢衣長者之喻,即知諸佛不必具說後分經也。自上所明三種權實,謂正果法;次明五種之土,謂依果報耳,即依正一雙也。十方三世諸佛所說施為,皆攝十雙,故神力品以四一切攝之,謂一切法、一切神力、一切秘藏、一切甚深事,皆顯在此經也。
次明十二義者,說果門有六會,說因門亦六會,始自藥王本事,終竟普賢勸發,是以品品之中皆明悟道也。
次釋開章門中,經雖有七會,大分為二:初六會明佛法,即是果;次一會明菩薩法,謂辨因。因果是眾義之大宗,立信之根本也。又譬喻品云:為諸聲聞說大乘經,名妙法蓮華。龍樹釋大乘凡有二義:一、諸佛大人之所乘故,故名為大;二、觀音、彌勒諸大士等之所乘故,故名為大。今具欲釋大乘,故前明諸佛法,後辨菩薩法也。果分為二:從初竟神力品正說,次一品明付屬宣通。初分又有二:一、明三世佛所乘法;二、明能乘人。具此兩門,乘義乃足。約三會說之,初會別明所乘法,次會別明能乘人,第三會總為十方具明人法也。以此經正明一乘,宜作此判也。又初會但明乘權乘實法門,次會明四種權實,謂身權身實、壽權壽實、違權違實、土權土實也。第三會普為十方具明四種權實,以此經具開一切權實,故作此判也。就處論者,第一初會在穢土,第二會在淨土處,第三會在亦穢亦淨處。又初會在娑婆一佛土處,第二會八方各四百萬億那由他土處,第三會十方通同成一佛土處。又初在有處說,次在空處說,次住空普為十方空有處說。約人論者,初會為小眾說,次會為多眾說,第三會為十方眾說。又初會正為二乘人說,故經云:為諸聲聞皆說大乘經,名妙法蓮華。第二會為菩薩說。所以然者,三根聲聞並迴小入大,聞法華經一念隨喜,悉與授記並成菩薩,是故從第二會已去但為菩薩說。第三會通為十方五乘人說。又初會雜為五乘人說,低頭舉手悉皆成佛。會人天善根明同歸義,故為人天說汝等所行是菩薩道。會二乘成佛即為二乘說,菩薩聞是法疑網皆除為菩薩說。第二會獨為菩薩說,既會五乘同歸一極則無復餘人,但欲令其人進悟身壽權實,故為菩薩說。第三會十方世界既有五乘眾生,故通為五乘人說。又初分前悟即是上根,故為上根人說;次會為中根人說;第三後悟為下根人說。次明利益者,初會三根聲聞皆迴小入大,入十信位名為淺益。第二會通淺深益,始發菩薩心終一生成佛。第三會還明淺益,謂十方眾生隨喜供養故為淺益。又初二會親承音旨名為近益,第三會遙得見聞名為遠益。約時論者,初少時說,次多時說,如五十小劫問訊等。次無量時說,後云滿百千歲。然百千歲望五十小劫應短,但後既明化廣,宜總相辨長時也。就第一初會明乘權乘實,又開為三:初明乘方便門,二正說門,三歎法美人辨流通門。從初竟方便品至舍利弗願樂欲聞已來,第一章也。從佛告已下竟授學無學人記品,第二章也。法師一品,為第三章也。乘方便門者,從寂滅道場頓化子,不得無緣大悲,故起四調柔及十種方便,至於靈山方化得子。四調柔者,華嚴已後靈山之前教也。一以世間方便調令離十惡,二以出世方便調令離三界,三以大乘自方便調令漸欣大道稍鄙小心,四以大乘他方便令小志頓移大機成就。前二方便調令超凡,後二方便調令超聖。又前二方便調令得方便實慧,後二方便調令得實慧方便。又前二方便調令離分段火宅,後二方便調令離變易火宅。後當具釋之。次明十方便者,雖昔用四調柔,但一乘難信、二執難傾,將開正宗復興十種方便,亦名十種密說。將前明顯說前須密說,用前之密開發後顯,故名方便。方便之言出下誠文,故經云:今相如本瑞是諸佛方便。又云:更以異方便助顯第一義也。言十種方便者,初召集證明方便,將命其子故前召集證明。如信解品云:先告其子并會親族。亦如化城品云:便集諸菩薩為說是乘。所以須召集證明者,勝人雲:集證佛語非虗明實,是長者之兒、非貧賤客作。此即證一乘是實有、證二乘為實無,亦證一乘為真實、二乘為方便,故有召集證明方便,即四眾圍遶是也。然此中間實具四眾:一發教眾,二影嚮眾,三當機眾,四結緣眾。取前二為能證,後二為所證。又列眾望前是第六同聞,望後即是證明文句,是大判為言耳。
為諸菩薩說大乘經下,第二、明說教方便。後會之經為明於人,則以人開人故有多寶分身,及踊出菩薩開顯釋迦身壽權實。今正明法故以法開法,將明攝多歸一,故前辨從一生多、從一生多,開發攝多歸一故名方便。
佛說是經已下,第三、入定方便。總統法華凡有二義:一者、明開,謂於一佛乘分別說三;二者、辨會,明我設是方便令得入佛慧。前從一生多,密明於一說三,為開印方便;令如來入定捨多住一,密說會三歸一,為後會作方便。所以然者,佛既捨多住一,表三乘諸子同歸此原,故下經云:佛自住大乘,如其所得法,以此度眾生,令入定中自住一。後從定起還說佛所行,亦令眾生行佛所行、得住佛所住。又如涅槃云:我自安住秘密藏中,亦令諸子及一切眾生安住其中。故名方便。又如來入定現瑞發動疑情,待彌勒之問、文殊之答,預杜疑心、逆開信解,方得起定說法,是故聖嘿為聖說方便。問:何故說無量義經而還入無量義處定?答:法華論云:無量者,明如來㝡勝境界。今應入㝡勝境定後說佛乘也,還說㝡勝境界法也。又㝡勝境定者,有四種㝡勝自在力:一、身心不動,即身心俱靜,寂靜故鑒極,方能說極法,故極病照極藥也。
是時天雨華下,第四、明現瑞方便。諸子有受悟之期,未得明言顯說,故雨華動地放光現土,示還原之相表說歸宗之經,名現相方便。又大聖益物凡有二種,現瑞則生於信心,說法發其慧解,故生信之瑞為發解方便。又諸佛利物復有二種:一、令種福;二、使殖慧。現瑞殖福為說法生慧,生慧之由漸故名方便。又諸佛令物歡喜凡有二時:一者、現瑞明將說歡喜;二、說法明正說歡喜。故三根踊躍十二儛蹈,用物歡喜開發後門,名為方便。又凡說奇特之法必感非常之瑞,覩非常之瑞必信有奇特之法,故以能表之瑞開發所表之法,名為方便。
爾時彌勒菩薩下,第五、明疑問方便。如來以此光照彼彌勒,廣頌彼曉此,故名疑問方便。
爾時文殊下,第六、答問方便。佛與菩薩彌勒將彼顯此,文殊引古證今,明古佛說之於前、釋迦敷之於後,預杜疑謗之萌、逆開信解之漸,名答門方便。
爾時,世尊從三昧起,明第七稱歎方便,將說究竟之乘。前揄揚諸佛大道,如欲救患,必須前美藥功能,謂稱歎方便。
舍利弗當知諸佛語無異者,明第八勸信方便。既稱歎一極敘三乘,不知言與昔相違,恐物驚憚,故略開權實勸使信之,名勸信方便。
爾時大眾中有諸聲聞下,明第九、勸請方便。前歎佛智甚深二乘淺劣,動其舊執生彼新疑,大眾遂執動疑生。身子騰疑致請,讚人美法抑小揚大,今時眾尊人重道捨小欣大,以此顯發密教調伏眾生,為正說之由漸,故名勸請方便。
爾時佛告下,第十、顯鄣方便。顯封執小乘障隔大道,現在不聞法華,未來不得成佛,使二世眾生捨小崇大,現在聞經當未來成佛。開正悟由漸,故名方便。然約義為十,據人唯三。從初至勸信,謂大乘人為方便,勸請一事小乘人為方便,五千退席惡人為方便。又前九為順,後一為違。後正說中釋迦、調達亦具斯二。今次別釋其文,說無量義經有十因緣,如彼疏。今略有三意:初、上根之人聞從一生多,當教受悟;二、此經示三乘六道失原,至法華方得歸原;三、動封執之情,後方可得拔也。
為諸菩薩者,密顯唯教一人。說大乘經下,密顯唯有一理也。教菩薩法者,從一生多令菩薩歸根本一道,即是教菩薩法也。又從一生多即是體用具足,照此體用四智便成,了雖多而一生如來智,識雖一而多生於佛智,任運成就為自然智,不從師得即無師智,教主四智則入佛智見,故得成佛。
釋佛所護念者,菩薩分生四智行與佛,應為佛護念。但應有二種:菩薩學佛四智,即超凡越聖,不著生死,不染涅槃,此是護因,故得為佛護果;次行中道因,發生正觀,得佛念果;餘人不具二因,故佛不得護念。又悟雖多而一,得於波若,為佛念之因,故得佛念之果;了雖一而多,得於大悲,為佛護因,得佛護果。
釋入無量義處定。無量者,能表之教非一也。義者,適化不同、教門非一,各有所以故稱為義。印師以萬善為無量義,基公以空為無量,劉公以無相一法含於多義,皆失經旨。處者,無量文義,出生之處即是實相法身,故名為處。身心不動者,既入實相則內外並䆩、緣觀俱寂,故不動也。釋現瑞。就現瑞文自開為二:初、現所化眾生成佛相;二、現能化佛說法華相。以此二相助開一極,故云方便。如下經云:今相如本瑞,是諸佛方便,今佛放光明,助發實相義。現此二相各開兩別。初文二者,前明現瑞,次明覩瑞。現瑞相說於法華,天雨四華地六種動,此表所化眾生成佛之義,即以此事為說法華。但斯言有通有別,所言通者,既說非常之法,天靈歡喜故天雨四華,地祇踊躍故地六種動。又依文殊偈釋,雨華表供養能說之人,大地動表說於大法。又雨華表供養能化之主,動地覺悟所化群生。又雨華供養已成佛,動地表所化當成佛。所化當成佛故,地神得主歡喜大動。所言別者,正就雨華動地說於一乘,天雨四華表四生行因得成佛也。地六種動者,六道聞經得成佛也。又天雨四華地六動者,上天下地其有聞法者無一不成佛。亦如譬喻品云:汝等若能信受是語,一切皆當得成佛道。下列覩瑞之人,即是總明三乘六道皆成佛也。又正對昔封教之人,謂二乘六道不定成佛,故今現相示之。四華表二乘四眾必當歸本作佛,地六動表人天六道定當成佛,故下文別舉四眾及六道之人明覩瑞也。又四華者表說四智,謂如來智、佛智、自然智、無師智。問:何以得知故?答:下偈云:說佛智慧故,諸佛出於世。又初從定起即歎佛智甚深,多寶稱善云大慧平等。又雨華是供養法華教主及聽法華眾生,聞經眾生當成佛,教主已成佛也。
釋爾時佛放光,此第二、表能化佛說法華相。就此相中具足說一部經,亦具足明十方三世能化所化事。若解此中意者,方悟彌勒說偈旨歸及如來起定說法之意。所以然者,彌勒及佛起定,就說法輪說法華經。今就神通門說法華經,就文始終凡有十句:始自是時,終竟上照天宮。以此十相即十種義說法華
是時者,謂放光時,即表說經時節。如下經云:今正是其時,決定說大乘。亦後云涅槃時到也。
言佛者,明第二故光人,表說一乘教主亦是能乘之人也。
眉間者,第三、明放光處。對教主即一乘教也,對能乘之人即所乘法也。累無不盡不可為有,德無不圓不可為無,非有非無即是中道也。然所乘之法既是中道,能乘之人亦是中道人,故涅槃云:中道之法名之為佛。又佛住中道之法,還欲說中道之教,故眉間喻於教中,住中道即是理中。所說之教既其是中,說教之人亦名為中道,故涅槃云:說中道故名大法師。
白豪者,明第四。上辨眉間是通處,今敘別處,表所乘之法無漏清淨猶如白豪,能乘之人亦無漏人,故下經云無漏不思議,甚深微妙法,我今已具得。下又歎佛於諸怖畏乃至無明闇弊永盡無餘,故知表無漏清淨法也。又普賢能乘之人身白玉色,所乘之象如白頗梨,普賢既爾諸佛亦然,所住之乘既無漏清淨,所說之教義亦如是。又此經開一切權、顯一切實,義最顯明故稱白豪。藥王品云眾明之中日明最盛,即其證也。
光明者,第五、正放光也。上眉間白豪表佛乘無德不備,今別表平等大慧,乘雖萬德而慧為其宗。後品云佛起定說法,具歎總別,故今以相示之。光有二義:一者、顯物;二者、破闇。表大慧經亦具二種:一、滅三乘執闇;二、顯一乘理實。故藥王品云如日天子能除諸闇,此經亦爾,能破一切不善之闇。
照東方下,明第六、相光所照處也。上之五事表能乘之人、所乘之法,及總明眾德、別敘大慧,謂此方事也。今欲將彼顯此,故此光照彼,能照之光表一乘教也。所照萬八千土,即教所表理也。東方者,所照處也。何不照餘方但照一方者,表說法華明一乘事究竟。二者、舉一方,十方皆例。如釋迦一佛既作此說,十方佛爾,是故後經文皆引十方三世佛為證。又一方者,表唯為一事因緣出現於世。一方之中而舉東方者,東為眾方之本,表一乘為三乘之根。又東方為始,舉始攝終及中間也。表始自華嚴根本法輪,中則三乘支末之教,終則攝末歸本也。一萬八千者,明第七、第八相故也。問:餘經放光尚照多方,此經最大,何故但一萬八千?答:今是相說不論多少,若照多土不得顯一方化訖,今欲明土有限極,得顯一方化周,故不照多也。問:既表一化始終,何故但照萬八千耶?答:一化雖多不出因果,果圓如一萬,因不足同八千,是故此經以因果為宗,顯在於此。問:何以得知?故答曰:彌勒見佛現通,懸解瑞意,故後偈釋之。佛坐道場,所得妙法,即是果也。為當授記,所謂辨因。又一期出世,教雖萬端,統其大歸,但明權實。此經顯實,究竟猶如一萬,開權未足,八千表之。彌勒偈文,亦含斯意。佛坐道場,即顯實耶?為當授記,謂開權也?問曰:乃知一萬表果,何故古佛今佛,同以八千表因,不多小耶?答:長者之父無二,唯有一萬,世子五百人,故成八千。約前所化瑞論者,能化無二,故放一光,猶如萬也。二乘及六道,故有八千。約大眾覩瑞論者,六道二乘,故成八千。化主唯一,猶如一萬。約九道分之,即三乘及六道也。八道為因,佛道為果也。又此中有以同表同,以異表同。以同表同者,古佛今佛,同放光照萬八千,故知諸佛道同也。以異表同者,古佛今佛,雖有一萬八千土異,同表一道清淨也。勿不信此語,別有深見也。問:涅槃經云:流離光佛,放光大眾之中,非青見青,乃至非見而見。今云何耶?答:正爾同也。今佛放光,此是非青青,非色色耳。說法亦爾,非說說耳。今大眾覩光,亦是非見見,聞法不聞聞耳。乃至一部經,一切佛法,並須如此解也。
靡不周遍者,是第九相也。表自上已來,若此土他方,明因辨果,顯實開權,教無不周,理無不備,即歎法華結束融會,一化始終,圓滿究竟。
下照阿鼻地獄,上至阿迦膩吒天者,明第十相也。自上已來表諸佛相,此之一章示眾生相。所以此土他方開權顯實明因辨果者,為欲化六道眾生,令六道迴宗同歸一佛果也。上能化相總而論之,謂因果權實四種義。今所化事亦明四種,舉地獄示諸苦,顯天宮示無常,又舉地獄誡令息惡,示天宮勸令修善,以誡勸之言即世間教。
自上已來,明出世教。此相之中,世與出世,義無不顯。又雖開為十相,合唯成二:從初至放光,即此土事;東方已去,謂他方事。各有二義。此土二者:初、謂教主放光,即是教門。何以知之?佛既放光,如教主說。教他方二事者:初、明諸佛事;下、照地獄,辨眾生事。所以示此二者,大品云:波若為大事故,謂示道、非道。示諸佛事,示是道也;明眾生事,示非道也。示道之中,略唯因果;非道之中,苦與無常。是故放光,表說一切事盡。又依文殊偈,前瑞有二:初、雨華;二、動地。如向釋之。今亦爾二,謂照諸佛事及示眾生事。照諸佛事,即是引門;示眾生事,所謂通門。引門,令欣佛常樂;逼門,厭苦無常。又照諸佛事,即是大慈與樂門;示眾生事,大悲拔苦門。又即是下,救子不得中二事。照諸佛事,謂勸門說一乘;示眾生,即誡門說一乘。初成道時,不得用此二門;今始得用,故現相表之。
於此世界盡見彼土;第二、明覩瑞。前現瑞有二種能所:一者、此光照彼,此為能顯即表於教,彼為所顯以表於理;二者、將彼顯此,彼為能顯即表於教,此為所顯用表於理。今大眾覩瑞具見二種能所:一者、因此見彼,謂因教識理;二者、見彼顯此,又是因教悟理。取一種理教為說經之相,取二種見義為後了悟作相,至彌勒偈中自了了分明,勿疑之也。總統此文有一義、二義、三義、四義、六義、七義、十二義。言一義者,始自六道終竟起塔,明他方一化始終究竟義也,即表釋迦說大慧經亦明一化始終事。所言一化始終事者,初明失於一道故有六道紛然,既有六道紛然便有諸佛出世,既有佛出世次說教門,既有教門便有稟教之眾,既有小乘四眾次轉成菩薩化,菩薩既竟便入涅槃,戀仰情深所以起塔,故一化盡矣。又一義者,雖有七事意,終歸一道清淨,故文云如來說法皆是一相一味也。
言二事者,前明六道,謂眾生迷事;化主已去,敘諸佛悟事。又二事者,從初竟於四眾,辨諸佛事;從菩薩竟起塔,明菩薩事。敘諸佛事,即是明果;辨菩薩事,即是明因。此經以因果為宗,故示此兩,令眾見之。此義現彌勒偈文,勿疑之也。又二事者,從初竟於四眾,辨從體起用;次從菩薩已去,敘攝用歸體,亦顯後偈文。又二事者,從初竟菩薩,明乘權乘實事;從涅槃起塔,辨身壽權實事。又二事者,從初至菩薩,化不失心子事;涅槃起塔,化失心子事。
次明三事者,在事雖七,但有化主、教門及以與徒眾。敘佛及涅槃謂化主事,說法即教門事,自餘四種皆是所化徒眾。又三事者,從初至說法明根本法輪事,敘四眾即支末法輪事,菩薩已下辨攝末歸本法輪事。
言四事者,法華前有二事:從初竟說法,謂根本法輪;敘四眾,明支末法輪。法華已去有二事:一、明法華事,即菩薩是也;二、明涅槃教,謂涅槃已去事是也。
言六事者,從佛出世竟於起塔唯有六事也。又即是六譬,見六道謂總譬,化主即見大譬,教門即根本,法輪謂救子不得譬,四眾謂三乘救子得譬,菩薩即等賜大事譬。既等與大車,得車歡喜於事究竟,是故涅槃及起塔。欲見此意,可觀火宅偈及彌勒偈文,以釋迦說法華將明六事故,此光照彼將彼顯此也。
十二事者,諸佛出世既有六事,所化眾生亦有六道,合十二事也。佛現瑞中含此諸意,今令大眾並覩見之至彌勒令了聞。起定說法,了了心悟也。
爾時彌勒第五、明疑問方便。問:何故大品現七瑞而眾無疑,此經現二瑞有於疑問?答:大品為直往菩薩無自保之執,現瑞召集竟即說波若,是故無疑。此經為迴小入大之人,其根既鈍又有自保之執,故久住深定發動疑心,待彌勒之問文殊解釋,方得起定說法,故有疑也。又大品雖是大乘而未癈小,言猶扶昔是故易信。此經癈小,言與昔違難可信解,故生疑也。問:何故彌勒懷疑?答:依舊義釋。此經初分明因,為因經作相故現瑞者,彌勒是窮因位之人,何所疑哉?假令俯同於物事亦不成。今明初分經正明果乘現瑞,為果乘作相因位未了,是故生疑也。而問文殊者,佛說果乘故現於果相,唯果人能知。彌勒居等覺之位住於十地,見未了了是以致問。文殊是妙覺之地,無所住故故了了見,是以能答。更有餘義,後當述之。釋彌勒問。前明問意,欲自決疑自欲成佛也,為眾決疑令他成佛。正問中,初長行、次偈頌。長行與偈異者,長行略說,偈則廣明,前略後廣,為解義故。二、長行前明所化瑞,後辨能化瑞,謂前感後應,即感應次第義也。偈前頌能化,後頌所化,辨前有佛出世說經,後眾生聞法成佛,作諸佛出世次第義也。三、長行現兩瑞為一類,二都瑞為一類,即有兩感兩應也。偈中各明現瑞,各明覩瑞,欲顯瑞有能所,見亦不同,此明轉勢說法,故其言各異。四、長行總相而說,偈分彼此不同,前明此土之瑞,次辨他方之瑞,謂總別不同,亦是解義之體。諸師皆謂彌勒是問,今明彌勒帶解而問,佛就神通門開權顯實,辨果明因,今彌勒以說法輪顯實開權,明因辨果,可用斯意以尋偈文。文殊師利呼質疑之主,導師何故歎現瑞之人?大光普照,敘所疑之事,普照者,照此土也。雨華香風,一如本疏明所表。二、將說妙法,前莊嚴處顯在人則人尊,居處則處貴。三、明大眾見處改常,必知應說異法,所以前問此土者,欲釋佛正為此土之緣,說大慧經也。
雨華已下,此問所化瑞。由佛說經故眾生成佛,故次問所化瑞也。時四部眾者,問所化覩瑞人也。偏問四眾不問六道者,以此經正為二乘,故下經云為諸聲聞說大乘經故也。論三瑞廣狹:普動十方,明佛道同,故廣也;光照萬八千,次也;雨華但云而散佛上及大眾,狹也。問:何以知動十方?答:論云震動無量世界,經云普佛世界,文殊云一切諸佛土,即是普震動。三、引證也。彌勒約偏化,此土又是略,故但明四眾歡喜也。問:光何處中?答:表因果權實。又萬八千佛土,正釋迦化大同,故偏引也。
眉間光下,第二、問他方瑞也。既正為此土說法,故前問此土;但引他方為證,故次問他方。皆如金色,此是彌勒頌所見事釋佛瑞旨,謂帶解為問顯在於斯。他方雖有七事同一金色事:一、欲顯十方道同使物生信;二、既同一色,表十方同明一乘;三、欲明乘有二義:一者、乘有一相門,謂究竟涅槃常寂滅相終歸於空;二、種種相門,謂無量億千解脫三昧總具眾德以為乘體。同一金色表一相門,萬八千土示種種相門也。三、欲辨放一光具生四智,今且就六道作之。雖有六道同一金色,雖同金色而六趣宛然,即表雖有六道常是四絕謂如來智,雖有四絕於緣六道宛然,如斯悟者名為佛智。此二任運現前謂自然智,不從師得即無師智。乘雖萬德智為其宗,故恒須用四智也。問:文何故但明萬八千土同一金色,不明六道同一金色耶?答:光既普照理同金色,但文不說耳。又此有深旨,照萬八千土同一金色表於道未始二,而不明生死同一色者,欲明於緣未始同也。
諸世界中第二、明覩他方瑞。上有七事,彌勒欲釋佛語,開三節頌之:一者、頌前三事;次、結前生後;三、頌後二事。頌六道可兩望之,望前即屬前照眾生事,望後屬見六道事也。頌教門為二:初、頌一乘根本法輪;次、頌三乘支末。初、亦是隨佛意門;次、是隨眾生意門。東方諸佛唯有此二,將彼曉此義亦同然。二門各三:初三者、前明一佛說根本法輪;次、明多佛說;三、總明一佛多佛說教之意。此三門各有四句,即十二意也。初四句者:一、演說經典,謂能表之教;二、微妙第一,所表之理;三、其聲清淨,嘆宣教之聲;四、教諸菩薩下,明所為之眾。
梵音深妙下,第二、例於多佛,亦有四句:初、明教稱機;次、句機稱教;三、明其處彌異;第四、其道彌同。
種種因緣下,第三、總明諸佛說教意。亦有四句:初、敘機不一;二、教門有不同;三、上弘大道;四、下益群生。上弘明唯顯一理,下益辨教一人也。下三乘支末教中亦三,皆前敘機然後明教,得有餘除苦因際,得無餘盡苦果際,無二死五住為淨道也。
文殊師利!我住於此,第二、結前生後。所以結前生後者,欲顯前是法華前事,後是法華已去事。二、欲明法華之前從體起用、從一生三,法華已去攝用歸體、會三同一,要前明從體起用,後方得攝用歸體,故結前生後也。三、欲明三輪之義,法華之前有二種法輪:從演說經典至開悟眾生,明根本一乘法輪;若人遭苦已下,敘三乘支末之教。是故結前生後者,欲顯法華已去爰至涅槃,明攝末歸本法輪。是故後文明二種菩薩:一、佛在世時菩薩,即法華教;二、佛滅度後菩薩,謂涅槃教。四者、欲明因果法門,結前者顯前明諸佛法,生後者顯後欲辨菩薩法。明諸佛法即是辨果,明菩薩法所謂辨因。彼方既爾,今頌彼曉此,則辨此經亦明因果,故前明佛法。藥王已去,次辨於因。五者、欲明四教,結前明二教,謂根本、支末;生後亦二教,法華教及涅槃教。他方一化唯此四教,頌彼曉此明此亦同彼。六者欲總敘諸佛大意,復唯為顯一理、唯為教一人。結前即明唯為顯一理,生後但有菩薩明唯教一人,他方既爾此土亦然。七者欲釋斯經之題,題云妙法蓮華教菩薩法。前章釋妙法蓮華,故云演說經典微妙第一。生後即釋教菩薩法,如後二種菩薩之行相。八者開權顯實、辨果明因。凡有二門:一用法開、二用人開。結前明法開也。辨一乘根本謂顯實,三乘支末謂開權。開權即是辨因,顯實謂明於果。生後用人開者,敘菩薩法謂明因也,為求佛道即辨果,此二即顯實也。下明或見菩薩而作比丘,謂開權也。九者諸佛菩薩說法常儀,多前略後廣。結前者顯前是略說菩薩,生後者明後廣說菩薩,所以廣略明菩薩。十者欲讚揚大道抑毀二乘,使未信大者皆信、已信者增長,未捨小皆捨、已捨者不退,皆是彌勒善巧方便助佛揚化,故帶解為問。
初頌六度行菩薩者,此經正明因果,六度即是因乘,故頌六度菩薩。菩薩即能乘之人,六度謂所乘之法,能乘所乘故因乘具矣。又此中具明因果,敘菩薩行即是明因,章章之中皆云為求佛道,謂辨果也。此中六度次第者,初明在家布施,第二捨家出家,第三出家已後而作比丘誦經以生聞慧,第四精進思惟次生思慧,第五因思生脩故明修慧,第六因禪發慧即是波若名為證慧,故十地論中有四慧。此中四施、三施、二施、一施、無施。四施者即從易至難,第一一切皆捨,第二唯有自所乘車最後施之,捨外財既盡唯有妻子身宍,故第三捨之,妻子身宍既已捨竟唯有頭目,故第四最後施也。又攝四為三:初二捨財,次一捨身,後一捨命,即修三堅法。勝鬘云:捨身命財建立正法,捨三不堅脩三堅法。又攝三為二:初兩外施,次兩內施。又攝二歸一總攝為檀,又攝一歸無竟無所捨也。問:何故頌諸王捨國土出家?答:彌勒欲令大眾聞所未聞諸奇特事,前內外傾捨已顯其一,今棄國出家復為希有,故重敘其二。又欲讚揚佛道抑毀二乘,前捨內外後棄國城,即佛道可崇二乘鄙劣,令捨小欣大也。又敘生死可厭故捨國,佛道之可崇故出家,生死可厭謂苦無常,佛道可崇即常樂我,不爾者不得棄國出家也。問曰:忍度中何故明菩薩而作比丘?答曰:亦是奇特,實是大心,方便為小。又前頌二人以密顯一,今頌第三次密開權,故彌勒頌六度行人,具明因辨果顯實開權。又見佛子,此第二頌三業利益行,菩薩即頌長行中種種信解。次前生者,第六上問諸佛聞悉受持即是自行,今次辨說法謂化也。問:既稱為眾請法,何故云化諸菩薩?答:言囑四眾意在菩薩,即是唯顯一理,此明唯教一人,東方西土果人因人,凡有所說皆明斯事,並是彌勒密說法華。
又見菩薩寂然宴嘿者,前是言益,此明嘿利。又上如行而說,此如說而行。又見菩薩處林放光者,上明口意利緣,今辨身業益物。又見佛子定慧具足下,此頌上種種相貌,以菩薩循行內成故相現於外。此中六度無方行與前異者,前是因中六度即地前菩薩,今明果中六度即初地以上人也。又六度義含已,上明其一,今次辨其二,義乃圓足。問:何以故前是因、後明果?答:初直明思惟為淺,今未嘗睡眠所以為深。問:云何要備前後二義?答:前端坐思惟,今經行精進,要動靜常有,懃進度方足。問:何故次前明於精進?答:前明救惡道苦,謂下度眾生,行既未圓故精進上求大道。次精進明持戒者,懃為萬行之根,戒為眾德之本,雖又懃行要須戒足也。與上異者,上明出家為始,今持戒為終,即淺深相成。又要具始終戒度方備。次明忍者,既精守淨戒,喜有羅剎來乞浮囊,宜須抑忍。又持大乘戒多與小違,故增上慢人喜來打罵,宜應忍受。與上異者,上自抑制五情為安苦忍,今忍外辱名他不饒益忍,忍內為易是因,忍外為難是果。又要具內外二忍,則忍度方成。問:何故忍增上慢?答:六度次第行中,明或有菩薩而作比丘密開方便門,今忍增上慢密斥封執小病,是以彌勒頌彼曉此具說法華。又明菩薩能忍則讚揚大士,敘增上慢斥封執小乘,並是密說法華也。次因忍明禪者,菩薩或出或處,出能忍外惡處則一心行禪。與上異者,上明因禪發動凡聖皆有是故為淺,今明住定生慧其義則深。又要備生淺深,功德藂林義乃圓足。此中明禪度菩薩兩義釋之,離諸戲笑則口靜也,捨癡眷屬謂身業不亂,下明一心禪寂即三業皆靜也。又初偈明身離所謂離身,次偈明心離所謂離心。如淨名云:不於三界而現身意,是菩薩宴坐也。次禪行施者,入禪以求慧,行施以殖福。又上明住靜服藥,今明患差身康報恩供養。與上異者,上明四施下施眾生辨次第行,今明四施上供養三寶即無礙行,即上下一雙亦必須施,悲敬二田檀度方滿,故前後兩說。又前通施,今別供養佛僧。問:前四施云何淺?今何故深?答:百種湯藥千萬寶舍,下位所無上地方有,故知淺深。次施明般若者,上明財供,今辨法供。又前獻財上供,今施法下益。與上波若異者,上是略說,今則廣說。又前明上問諸佛聞悉受持,今明如行而說如說而行。又前辨集法藥,今辨授法藥。習藥是自行為易故是因,授藥化他為難故是果,故前後六度含成六雙:二懃動靜一雙,兩戒始終一雙,二忍內外一雙,二禪通慧一雙,二施悲敬一雙,二波若自他一雙。若不作此明之,後出便是煩長。初明說波若人者,明說寂滅法,即說法華。智度論云:法華是波若異名也。次行波若二人異者,初人不二觀,顯一乘之實;次人無著觀,破三乘之執。又前人顯道本,後人拔累根。累根者,則取著也。取著若傾,九趣自息。又前人明實慧,次人辨方便慧。言不二觀者,中論云:如來絕於四句。又云:如來性即是無間性。當知眾生亦絕四句,故即是佛。華嚴云:心佛及眾生,是三無差別。又云:不生差別種種念,是人能見佛菩提。次波若明起塔者,二慧行成,功由佛力,欲報佛恩,故修二行:一、供養舍利;二、起塔。此之二人皆是菩薩者,欲明法華已後無復三乘故也。問:菩薩起塔與凡塔何異?答:菩薩了達,雖造不為,雖成不起,具識二諦,兩慧俱生,為物故起,復是大悲。一事之中,權實並生,福慧具備,末世造經像人宜學其行也。雖寫遍群典,而不盡一言。彌勒非但頌彼曉此,亦留古化今。如斯尋文,方覺於他於己為益。問:何故敘寶塔高妙?答:既得二慧,從無漏業興,必是高妙。問:何故云嚴飾國界?答:起塔多是在家菩薩,或閻浮主,或轉輪王,故嚴國界。
釋請答。文為二:初名同人,請同人者之五情,未惻如來現瑞之旨;後稱異情,異人者之神明,故以髣髴其相。又前歎放光美佛神力,佛坐道場明說法歎智慧力,既歎二力即揄揚佛乘發後信也。又明請說意者,自上已來彌勒但頌見聞之事以示大眾,略釋法華。今恐未解,更敘瑞意作二周釋之,合前所明有三周釋現瑞意,是三周說於法華,皆示說法由漸從晦至顯。第一周頌彼曉此釋,第二總釋,第三別釋。三章各三:初章三,一頌三事釋,次結前生後,三頌後二事釋。次章三者,初歎一光照於他土,次歎光表上弘大道,第三明下益群生。初正表說法,後二敘說教意。照此土者,為此土說一化七事,故云種種殊妙光照他方,將彼顯此故也。並稱一光者,表說一乘理也。又是歎佛神力,
我等見此得未曾有者,上為說經作相,今為領悟作相。故後章三者,初歎佛智慧力,謂說佛因果法門;次歎神力,能示佛依正二果,並是明佛法也;後託眾未解,請文殊決之。釋文殊答彌勒,頌彼曉此,謂十方同文殊;引古證今,此明三世一。所以明十方同三世一者,欲勸信故也。若信法華則信十方三世佛法,若不信法華則不信十方三世佛法矣。所以有文殊答者,都是敘釋迦一代事,由文殊昔弘法華經匠成八子,八子匠成釋迦,釋迦匠成彌勒,是故文殊為釋迦一代本,故彌勒致請今便答之。又既是敘釋迦一代並由文殊,即是歎文殊道高令信其所說。又為成歎法華,弘法華故八子成佛,乃至釋迦彌勒並皆成佛,故法華功用難思,令聞佛後說不生疑謗也。而云語彌勒者,據迹論之,釋迦為師文殊為資,文殊為師彌勒為資,言告上失敬師之禮,稱曰復乖下資之儀,於二盈之間故云語也。問:文殊引古證今明說法華,與上何異?答:佛與彌勒皆是總相歎釋法華,今則別相說也。上總明諸佛、總明教,謂總相說;今別引燈明,即別說也。別明欲說法華,從總至別以示說法階漸故也。又彌勒總明三輪,文殊別敘經之二分,初別敘乘權乘實,從燈明唱滅已後別敘身權身實。又文殊初總敘通因通果,從唱滅已去別敘釋迦因果,是故為異。欲說大法者,此文三句:初明教體,次辨教用,三明教所表理。言教體者,總一部大乘教也。雨大法雨明教用,略有四種,謂生、滅、遠聞、歡喜。生用有四:一未發心者令發心,即此會二乘及五道眾生也。二已發心者令增長,謂菩薩聞是法疑網皆已除也。三已增長者令成就,即八生一生得佛者也。四應退者不退,下經云聞是經乃善行菩薩道及去佛道近者也。又顯天雨無私不潤枯木,即五千退席者。又顯雖說無心欲令雖聞而不聽,又欲說一味之法故則如雨,又示平等義如雨,又示誨而無惓故如雨也。滅用有四,如本疏述之。言遠聞者,初一會穢土聞,次會淨土人聞,第三會十方同聞。又敘燈明過去世聞,明釋迦是現在世聞,佛滅度後明未來聞。總而言之,十方三世並皆得聞,謂遠聞也。上生滅二用亦通十方三世也。歡喜用者,明盡理之法既暢眾聖之心,故十方三世佛普皆喜也。即下經云今我喜無畏,又云諸佛皆歡喜,現無量神力。約緣喜者,穢土人緣得悟歡喜,淨土緣歡喜,十方同聞歡喜。又三世十方眾生聞生歡喜,如身子踊躍、彌勒儛蹈,即其證也。若以此經為無常及覆相者,未明盡理之法,不暢眾聖之心,能化所化皆不喜也。
演大法義者,即因果俱寂權實並忘,不生不滅何憂何喜,是法不可示言辭相寂滅,以終歸此處故最後說之。次釋引過去世答者,佛及彌勒以將彼顯此,令意在引古證今,欲明十方道同三世理一,預杜疑謗逆開信心故也。
欲令成聞知難信法者者,釋古今將說經前現瑞意,為法難信故逆現瑞也。此語即是勸大眾信。如過去下,前所以略說過去者,欲總明過去一切佛皆說法華,明法華是三世佛舊法,即是歡信也。
如過去無量下,此釋法華已去事,彌勒章亦然。所以明此二事者,法華前謂三乘事,法華已去一乘事。又法華前從體起用,法華已去攝用歸體。又法華前明根本支末,法華已去辨攝末歸本。又法華前根本支末二輪,法華已去亦明二輪,謂法華教及涅槃教。此二章大判十方三世佛終始二意,故文殊與彌勒皆悉明之也。問:過去一切佛皆說法華,何故乃引久遠時耶?答:法華經是諸佛舊法,欲明以難得值時乃說之,以發大乘難遭想,故下經云億億千萬劫時說此經,聞亦如是。問:過去久遠一切諸佛皆說法華,何故偏引燈明?答:不深見者止言趣引,設有餘意未究其源。今明此有深旨,餘佛正與釋迦、文殊、彌勒及今聽眾相開,故不引之。燈明正是三聖源由及今大眾始末之事,故引之耳。如燈明為八子初說法華,次文殊於佛滅度後重為說之,則燈明善其始、文殊成其終,故八子得成佛。燃燈成竟授釋迦成佛,釋迦成佛後記彌勒,則燈明為三聖之本師,是故須引。問:乃知燈明是三聖本師,今引將來意在何處?答:三聖皆由法華匠成,若信法華則信三聖,意在勸進是故引之耳。
名日月燈明佛者,用日月為燈明,不同寸炎之照灼,故云日月燈明也。顯群生無智,示佛有大慧之明,故以為證也。又如日月能生成物,佛具二慧義亦同然。又如後云月取照明以顯理,日取滅闇以破迷,譬大慧之經具二義也。又日月晝夜常自益物,如來諸有所作常為一事。
釋演說正法。彌勒已廣敘東方諸佛三輪,是故文殊今略說也,即廣略互現。彌勒未說七善,今明之三輪,則廣略互明。七善有無相類,此七善為讚一乘根本法輪,不得用餘義釋之。平等大慧之經,始自如是,終竟奉行。其文雖殊,一道清淨,義無有二,故三時皆善。至妙之道,理超四句為深,橫絕百非為遠。又凡夫淺識不能故為深,二乘近情不能量為遠。又二乘絕分為深,大士未窮為遠。又六識不識為深,十智不知為遠。無名相為物說之,其言稱大機為巧,合至理為妙。又無名為物立名,如綵𦘕空為巧。雖名無名,事如佛影,若有如空為妙。又妙顯無言為巧,即言寂滅稱妙。純一大乘為一,無有餘乘為無雜。究竟無餘之教,故云具足。南土法華師明此經雖是大乘,猶為半字,故不得稱具足。是無所得法,故云清淨。本來寂滅,名為菩薩,故稱為梵。佛子!行寂滅之觀為行,而行義顯彰,故稱為相。又行是果家之相,故云相也。離凡夫十黑惡為白,非有漏之善為清。問:此七善凡有幾義?答:初三就時論善,次兩約理教明善。純一無雜,簡耶明善;具足之義,就正備論善;後之二善,就因果論之。梵即是果,清白行相,所謂因也。雖有七善,意在因果,故後明之。
次復有佛者,此中二對:初道名俗姓同,次對人法同。人則有通別二號,法則有根本支末,欲明二萬佛法華之前同明一乘為實,三乘方便從一起三,明三無一有故也。次明最後佛者,第二、法華已去事,將前例後俱有根本支末,將後例前同有攝末歸本。問:二萬燈明佛皆是釋迦本緣不?答:詳文正是最後佛也。但二萬佛既相繫出世,故具敘之,例如威音王事。問:何故引八子?答:略明十義:一、是近眾;二、為佛親屬;三、例十六或是請法華之主;四、說同歸正為其人;五、是召集燈明之眾;六、具得開經前後二分;七、為釋迦、彌勒本緣;八、顯文殊道高令眾信受;九、欲推功法華;十、示文殊昔高今下。其既不定,三乘丈六豈是實哉?
釋:時有菩薩名曰妙光,昔答不異今答故不明其答,昔人名異今人名故敘其名,所以云名妙光。釋:六十小劫前辨說經歎佛智慧,今敘延促美佛神通,皆是讚揚佛乘便小心欣慕。又示大乘有此奇特小教所無,即是美法華也。又示長短無定故三一非恒。又欲歎法華義富文多,故須長時而說。又古佛說經既有長時猶如食頃,欲明今佛義亦如是,發起大眾難遭之心。
次釋燈明唱滅。問:彌勒但問現瑞所由,今答瑞竟即應結詶其問,何俟紛紜敘佛滅耶?答:佛與彌勒明東方現在佛始終七事,文殊欲辨過去佛始終七事。古佛今佛同明七事者,以說法華結束融會一化義備,例釋迦後說亦爾。自上已辨其始,是故今次明其終。又自上已來開燈明乘權乘實,今敘燈明身壽權實。又自上化不失心子,今化失心子。又自上說經生歡喜之善,今唱滅發戀慕之心。又自上已來正明說教,今唱滅則是歎教。諸法實相既已說之無復餘言,是故須滅則歎教意也。此並就燈明佛意作五對釋之。若就釋迦意者,古佛說法華即便取滅,將古例今義亦同然,使時眾會於釋迦起戀仰之心,皆聞同歸發難遭之意。又古說同歸例今說同歸,則於法起歡喜之善。今將古佛滅例今佛滅,則使大眾於人預起戀慕之悲。又從初引燈明佛開發法華初分經,從此已去欲開發釋迦後分經。開發後分經宜取八子,但不可懸引燃燈,要須敘彼佛滅乃至妙光弘經始得明燃燈耳。具如本疏說。又上引燃燈敘十方三世佛通因通果,今別開釋迦久已成佛謂別因別果。問:若爾,一切佛不具四權實耶?答:若久已成佛論權實者,一切佛則不必具也。若一切佛皆久成佛,則破現證當成二世佛也。若就現證論身壽權實,則燈明佛亦具足也。所以然者,二乘非究竟故是無常身壽,佛乘究竟故是常身常壽。故諸佛說初分經,即是明常無常竟便入涅槃,不須說後分教也。即用此言斥於舊說,若明佛乘由是無常,則一還是二,何名一耶?又一二俱無常者,一無引二之能,二無入一之理。又若初分經明因未辨果者,則燈明佛但說華經不明蓮教,名既一半義豈圓哉?他問:若此經已辨於常更說涅槃,則有徒勞之弊。答:若爾,但明一波若於義則圓,八部五時應成虗設。玄義已辨,後更敘之。
釋妙光弘經。問:何故明妙光弘經?答:一、欲敘釋迦本緣;二、歎法華;三、開經後分;四、歎文殊高。歎文殊高者,長行始終敘妙光凡有三時:初、明時有菩薩名曰妙光,謂發經時;次、敘佛起定因妙光說,此中即含領悟經時,今敘流通經時。又上敘親聞、今明親說,則古實有斯事,使今眾聞不驚疑。問:何故八十劫說?答:燈明略說故但六十,妙光廣敷是故八十。問:燈明六十猶如食頃,妙光可例之耶?答:就力用自在則妙光亦能,但妙光久住弘經故須廣八十。同十六王子八萬四千釋匠成八子:一、欲述釋迦本緣;二、證歎法華;三、明文殊道高;四、開經後分。問:今八子與上何異?答:上例八子為因,今明八子成佛為果也。釋述彌勒本緣,明八子之善、求名之惡,此二成佛功由法華,即歎法華教也。又示善無多少並至菩提,故經云一切成佛。又八十劫說,明唯顯一理。燃燈入室、慈氏昇堂皆成佛者,辨唯教一人。
釋爾時文殊於大眾中說。昔未開經二分,是覆相之言,有如私說。今開經始終,其義顯彰,有類公灼,故言於大眾說。又釋迦為九世之資,彌勒十時弟子,文殊處眾無畏,為大法師,故於大眾中說。又文殊為大眾,故言於大眾中說。問:彌勒亦為大眾,何故不言為大眾說?答:彌勒住十地故,見未了了,欲自決疑,故不得云為大眾。文殊無所住故,見則了了,一向為他,故言於大眾中說也。
釋偈文。長行四段偈但頌後二者,文殊引古證今正為勸信,前二為總其義則隱是故略之,後二分明所以偏頌。總頌一切佛四句:一時節日月燈明下明化主,次辨教門,度無量下敘徒眾,此攝一切佛盡。徒眾有二:初明三乘眾,次無數菩薩下辨菩薩眾。問:何故教一而緣明二?答:互現。又顯理一故教一,於緣有二故緣二,如一地一雨於草木不同。問:上廣歎八子,今何故略之?答:略廣互現,但今歎為成出家明形心兩離,出家明形離,修梵行歎心離,亦初出形家、次出心家,頌彼以化此、留古以訓今,使諸出家人形心俱離。
天雨曼陀華、文殊頌現瑞,都為釋上來現瑞意。總其釋意凡有二種:一、釋次第;二、釋瑞意。釋次第者,雨華放光皆瑞應故為一類,覩雨華放光並是感瑞故為一類也。釋現瑞意,雨華動地二義,放光亦二義。所以雨華者,佛將說非常之法故感幽靈供養也,將說大法故動大地。又覺悟群生故動大地,又無量眾生成佛故大地動也。問:彌勒偈但動一方,今何故一切皆動?答:互顯也。又上表為此土人說故一方動,今表十方道同故十方皆動。又正為一土說故一土動,遠被十方故十方動。釋迦初會則一土動,第二神力品謂十方動也。釋現光瑞亦兩意:初云現諸希有事謂示諸佛事,示一切眾生下示眾生事。又初示大慈事,次示大悲事。又初表同歸之教,次示失原之人。
釋流璃波梨色,此因光見六事:一、國土;二、人物;三、化主;四、教門;五、比丘;六、菩薩。此六事與彌勒並不同,互相顯釋。問:彌勒云何同一金色?今何故有種種色耶?答:乘有二義:一者、一相門,故經云皆是一相一味;二、種種相門,故經云無量億千諸力解脫。彌勒顯一相之義,文殊敘種種不同,具此二門,乘義方足,是以兩文相間出也。又前據諸佛道同,今約化儀各異;又前表其理不可異,今表其教不可同;又前表實同,今明權異。
釋。又見諸天人,彌勒明理未始二六道宛然,常四絕故同金色;今辨雖同四絕,而於緣則六道宛然,達前後二義則四智俱生。又彌勒顯理同,故萬八千土及六趣眾生同皆金色;今欲辨化儀異,故國土異及人物異也。問:彌勒何故略歎化主、廣歎教門?今何故廣歎化主、略歎教門?答:互現耳。但以教為正,故前略人廣教,然教不孤運弘之由人,故文殊今復歎人。又上廣歎所乘法,今廣美能乘人。又上廣歎教今略歎教者,上明從理起教故教異,今示攝教歸理表理同。問:彌勒何故不明見比丘耶?答:彌勒明趣一乘機說一乘教,次為三乘機說三乘教,欲辨一乘根本、三乘支末辨於二輪;今則大小兩藏,舉比丘明聲聞藏,見菩薩辨菩薩藏,皆互現耳。又上開緣開教,明隨三一兩緣故說二教;今合教開緣,合教表理同,開緣明於機異,如天雨唯一於草木不同。又彌勒從初說教至菩薩明三輪,今從說法至菩薩辨二藏。問:何故頌比丘二章、頌菩薩三段?答:略小廣大為符此經。問:彌勒何故明因果六度,今不辨耶?答:廣略互現。又雖有因果不出六度,故今但明六則辨上義。問:應具頌六,何故作三章頌之?答:亦二處互類。又今攝六為三:初三為戒,次一是定,後一為慧。攝論明六度不出此三。又示初三為福行,後一為慧禪,具生福慧故三節頌之。
釋從三昧起,長行既略,今廣釋之,開為二別:一、明緣起;二、敘正說。各有三章。初章三者:一、歎妙光有能發教之功;一切所歸信下,二、歎妙光未來有通經之用;如我所說法下,三、讚妙光有現證之德。後章三者:一、正說法華;二、敘說教時節;三、明妙光領持。
釋唱滅。問:何故前明令眾歡喜而後唱滅度耶?答:正子已悟是故歡喜,狂兒未醒所以唱滅。就一人言之,前生歡喜之慧,後發戀慕之福。問:何故授德藏記?答:即壽量品留此好藥,彼明所留之法,今敘傳道之人。問:何故正滅?答:壽量品中遣使還告汝父已亡,此中二事:一、正滅;二、利益。各二:初、正明滅;次、簡滅。利益亦二:初、利俗;後、益道。即兩狂兒俱生福慧。問:何故云如薪盡火滅?答:表佛迹身一代永謝瞻奉無已,增大眾戀慕之深,如父定已崩亡慈顏不可覩。問:何故頌文殊弘經?答:自上已來狂兒正子與佛結緣皆已度竟,今明與菩薩結緣故菩薩度之。又至此已來有三根性:一者、入正子聞佛現在說法即便得悟,謂上根也;二者、狂子要待唱滅方乃得道,謂中根也。今是狂中之狂二時未醒,待文殊弘經方乃得悟,謂下根也。問:何故頌彌勒求名之失?答:總佛菩薩四品,謂聞佛說悟為上根,唱滅方解為中根;文殊弘經得道為下根,求名久方受悟為下下也。佛菩薩中各二品,聞佛說得悟為上,唱滅方解為下;八子因文殊而成為上,求名在八子後成佛為下。
釋:諸人今當知。問:何故有此二偈開㢡物心?答:上引古證今,此以當驗過。佛從定起,必如我言,則古非虗說。二偈異者,初偈預生其解,次偈逆杜其惑。又初明唯顯一道,次辨唯教一人。又初明顯實,次明開權也。
法華統略卷上(本)
法華經統略卷上(末)

釋章段
釋方便品第二

CBETA Code: X0582

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