釋相
Explanation of Appearances
問：何謂盜戒耶？
Question: What is the precept against stealing?
答：盜戒本有數名，或名曰劫，強力直奪故；或名曰偷竊，畏主覺知故；或名曰不與取，謂主不捨故。今名曰盜，非理侵損於人故。前之二名，名則公私不同，義則兩不相攝。若不與取，雖是名通，然於義中，有非盜之濫。故廢前三名，唯標曰盜。既能該括劫與偷竊，復無非盜之濫也。盜是所觀之境，戒者能治之行，能所通舉，故曰盜戒。
Regarding the precept against stealing, it has several names. Sometimes it is called "robbery," referring to taking by force. Sometimes it is called "theft," implying taking without the owner's knowledge. Sometimes it is called "taking what is not given," meaning taking what the owner has not let go of. Now it is called "stealing," which refers to unjustly taking from others and causing harm.
Of the first two names, one applies to public acts and the other to private acts; their meanings do not fully encompass each other. As for "taking what is not given," although this name is broad, its meaning may be confused with acts that are not actually stealing. Therefore, the first three names are set aside, and only "stealing" is used. This term can cover both robbery and theft, without the confusion of non-stealing acts.
"Stealing" is the object observed; the precept is the practice that governs it. By combining the object and the practice, it is called the precept against stealing.
問：今釋盜戒戒相，如何分門耶？
Question: Now, to explain the forms of the precept against stealing, how should it be categorized?
答：南山《行事鈔》分為三大科：一、所犯境，二、成犯相，三、開不犯。今依此科，分為三門如下。
Master Nanshan's *Guide on Conduct* is divided into three main sections: 1. The conditions that lead to an offense, 2. The circumstances that constitute an offense, 3. The factors that prevent a transgression.
Following this outline, we now divide the content into three parts as shown below.