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Vipashyin Buddha Sutra (毘婆屍佛經)

About 毘婆尸佛經

Song · Source text translated by 法天

5,856 · about 20 min

The Sūtra of Buddha Vipaśyin is a Buddhist scripture translated by Dharmadeva during the Song Dynasty, belonging to one of the early Buddhist texts. This sūtra records the life and teachings of Buddha Vipaśyin, emphasizing the core Buddhist doctrines of karma, cause and effect, and the path to liberation through practice. Dharmadeva was a renowned translator-monk of the Northern Song period, known for the accuracy and rigor of his translations. This scripture reflects the early dissemination of Buddhism in China and holds significant historical value. As the first of the seven buddhas of the past, Buddha Vipaśyin occupies a special place in Buddhist history. This sūtra provides important material for the study of Buddhist cosmology and Buddha biography literature, offering reference value for understanding fundamental Buddhist teachings and the system of practice.


毘婆尸佛經卷上

Upper Volume of the Vipashyin Buddha Sutra

西天譯經三藏朝散大夫試鴻臚卿傳教大師臣法天奉 詔譯

Translated by the Tripitaka Master Dharma Deva, a court official and missionary master, under imperial decree.

爾時,佛告諸苾芻:「於過去劫有大國王,名滿度摩,有一太子名毘婆尸,久處深宮思欲出遊,告御車人瑜誐言:『與我如法安置車馬,今欲出外遊觀園林。』瑜誐聞已即往廐中,安置車馬控太子前。乘之出外,見一病人。太子曰:『云何此人顏貌羸瘦,氣力劣弱?』瑜誐答言:『此是病人。』太子曰:『云何名病?』瑜誐答言:『四大假合虛幻不實,稍乖保調即生苦惱,此名為病。』太子曰:『我能免不?』瑜誐答言:『俱同幻體四大無別,如失保調亦不能免。』太子聞之情思不悅,即迴車馬却至王宮,端坐思惟病苦之法,真實不虛,心無安隱。」

At that time, the Buddha addressed the monks: "In a past age, there was a great king named Mandhata, who had a son named Vipasyin. Having long remained in the deep palace, the prince wished to go out and travel. He said to his charioteer, Yuga: 'Prepare the horses and carriage properly for me, for I want to go outside to see the gardens and parks.' Hearing this, Yuga went to the stables, readied the horses and carriage, and brought them before the prince. The prince rode out and saw a sick person. The prince asked: 'Why is this person's face so gaunt and his strength so weak?' Yuga replied: 'This is a sick person.' The prince asked: 'What is meant by sickness?' Yuga answered: 'The four elements come together as a false combination, unreal and impermanent. If there is any imbalance in their preservation and regulation, suffering arises. This is called sickness.' The prince asked: 'Can I escape it?' Yuga answered: 'All are the same—an illusory body formed by the four elements, no different. If one fails in preservation and regulation, one cannot escape it either.' Hearing this, the prince felt sad and displeased. He immediately turned the carriage around and returned to the palace. Sitting upright, he contemplated the reality of sickness and suffering, that it was truly so. His mind found no peace."

爾時,世尊而說頌曰:

At that time, the World-Honored One spoke this verse:

「毘婆尸太子, 遊觀於園林,
忽見病患者, 形色而憔悴,
即問御車人, 太子亦難免,
端坐自思惟, 病苦而無謬。」

Prince Vipashyin, while strolling in the garden, Suddenly saw a sick person, pale and haggard. He asked his charioteer, "Even a prince cannot escape this." Sitting upright, he reflected: The suffering of sickness is truly without error.

爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「時,滿度摩王即問瑜誐:『云何太子出迴不悅?』瑜誐答言:『太子出外遊觀園林,見一病人形色瘦惡,心神不安。太子不識,問言:「何人?」瑜誐答言:「此是病人。」又復問言:「我能免不?」瑜誐答言:「俱同幻體四大無別,如失保調亦不能免。」太子聞已即迴車歸宮,思惟病法,是故不樂。』時,滿度摩王聞是事已,憶念往日相師之言:『若得在家即紹灌頂輪王之位,若或出家信樂修行而成佛果。』如是念已,即於宮內施設種種上妙五欲,娛樂太子,令彼愛著斷出家意。」

At that time, after the World-Honored One spoke these verses, he addressed the monks: "Then King Mandhātā asked Yoga: 'Why is the prince unhappy after returning from his outing?' Yoga replied: 'When the prince went out to tour the gardens, he saw a sick person — thin and wretched, with a disturbed mind. The prince did not recognize him and asked: "Who is this?" Yoga answered: "This is a sick person." He then asked: "Can I avoid this?" Yoga answered: "All alike are of the same illusory body, the four elements no different. If one loses care and balance, this too cannot be avoided." When the prince heard this, he immediately turned his chariot around and returned to the palace, contemplating the nature of illness — that is why he is unhappy.' When King Mandhātā heard this, he recalled the words of the fortune-teller from days past: 'If he remains a householder, he will succeed to the position of a consecrated wheel-turning king. If he goes forth from home with faith and delight in spiritual practice, he will attain Buddhahood.' Having thought this, he arranged within the palace all kinds of exquisite sensual pleasures to entertain the prince, so that he would become attached to them and give up the thought of going forth from home."

爾時,世尊而說頌曰:
「滿度摩父王, 知子遊觀迴,
身心而不樂, 恐彼求出家,
即以上妙樂, 色聲香味觸,
悅於太子情, 令後紹王位。」
爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「時,毘婆尸太子告瑜誐言:『與我如法安置車馬,今出城外遊觀園林。』瑜誐聞已即往廐中,安置車馬控太子前。乘之出城,見一老人,鬚髮皓白,身心昧劣,執杖前行,呻吟無力。太子曰:『此是何人?』瑜誐答言:『此是老人。』太子曰:『云何名老?』瑜誐答言:『五蘊幻身四相遷變,始自嬰兒童子,不覺長盛老年,眼暗耳聾身心衰朽,名之為老。』太子曰:『吾免此不?』瑜誐答言:『貴賤雖異幻體無別,日往月來亦須衰老。』太子聞之不樂而歸,入定思惟老苦之法,無能免者。」
爾時,世尊而說頌曰:
「毘婆尸太子, 忽見一老人,
鬚髮皆皓然, 執杖乏氣力,
入定審思惟, 一切有為法,
剎那而不住, 無有免斯者。」
爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「滿度摩王見太子不樂,問瑜誐言:『我子云何情不樂耶?』瑜誐答言:『太子出外見一老人,太子曰:「此是何人?」瑜誐答言:「此是老人。」太子又問:「云何名老?」瑜誐答言:「五蘊幻身四相遷變,始自嬰兒童子,不覺長盛老年,眼暗耳聾身心衰朽,名之為老。」太子曰:「我還免不?」瑜誐答言:「貴賤雖異幻體無別,日往月來亦須衰老。」太子聞已不樂而歸,入定思惟實無免者,所以不悅。』王聞是事,憶念往昔相師之言:『若得在家必作輪王。若也出家必成佛果。』爾時,滿度摩王如是念已,復以五欲妙樂娛悅太子,令彼愛著斷出家意。」
爾時,世尊而說頌曰:
「滿度摩父王, 見子心不悅,
憶昔相師言, 恐彼求出家,
即以妙五欲, 種種悅其心,
如彼天帝釋, 受樂歡喜園。」
爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「時,毘婆尸太子告瑜誐言:『與我如法安置車馬,今欲出外遊觀園林。』瑜誐聞已即往廐中,安置車馬控太子前。乘之出外,見有多人圍繞車輿舉聲大哭。太子曰:『此是何人?』瑜誐答言:『此是死相。』太子曰:『云何名死?』瑜誐答言:『人生浮世壽有短長,一旦乖離氣絕神逝,永別恩愛長處荒郊,眷屬悲啼,此名為死。』太子曰:『我能免不?』瑜誐答言:『三界無安未逃生死,太子之身亦不可免。』太子聞已,身心不悅迴車歸宮,入定思惟無常之法不可愛樂,我今云何得免斯苦?」
爾時,世尊而說頌曰:
「毘婆尸太子, 見彼命終人,
即問御車者, 無能免斯苦,
獨坐自思惟, 真實而不謬,
我身復云何, 得免無常患?」
爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「滿度摩王問瑜誐言:『太子云何而不樂耶?』瑜誐答言:『太子出城見一死人。問言:「此是何人?」瑜誐答言:「此是死相。」太子曰:「云何名死?」瑜誐答言:「人生浮世壽有短長,一旦乖離氣絕神逝,永別恩愛長處荒郊,眷屬悲啼,名之為死。」太子曰:「我能免不?」瑜誐答言:「三界無安未逃生死,不可免也。」太子聞已迴車歸宮,入定思惟實無免者,是以不樂。』王聞是事,憶念昔日相師之言:『若得在家必作輪王,若是出家必成佛果。』復以五欲之樂娛悅太子,令彼樂著捨出家意。」
爾時,世尊而說偈言:
「滿度摩國王, 毘婆尸太子,
見彼命終人, 嗞嗟而不悅,
王以上妙樂, 色聲香等境,
娛悅令愛著, 捨離出家意。」
爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「時,毘婆尸太子告瑜誐言:『與我如法安置車馬,今欲出外遊觀園林。』瑜誐聞已即往廐中,安置車馬控太子前。乘之出外,見一苾芻剃除鬚髮,身被袈裟。太子曰:『此是何人?』瑜誐答言:『此是出家人。』太子曰:『云何名出家人?』瑜誐答言:『悟老病死,入解脫門,行忍辱慈悲,求涅槃安樂,永別親愛,願作沙門,名出家人。』太子聞已歡喜至前:『善哉善哉!行慈悲忍辱平等善法,能背塵勞趣求安樂,我亦願為。』言已歸宮,即發信心,行出家法,作沙門相。」
爾時,世尊而說頌曰:
「太子出王城, 遊觀諸園苑,
忽見老病人, 及彼無常者,
念念不久停, 恒受種種苦;
復覩出家人, 剃除於鬚髮,
服壞色袈裟, 進止身儀雅,
常行平等慈, 忍辱諸善法。
是故求出家, 棄捨五欲樂,
父母并眷屬, 國城諸珍寶,
即作沙門相, 忍辱自調伏,
息除貪愛心, 勤求解脫樂。」
爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「滿度摩城八萬人眾,見毘婆尸捨父王位,出家剃髮為沙門相,而各思惟:『太子上族棄捨五欲而修梵行,我等今者宜亦出家。』彼八萬人如是思已,即時出家為沙門身。」
爾時,世尊而說頌曰:
「大智最上人, 其數有八萬,
隨順毘婆尸, 出家修梵行。」
爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「時,毘婆尸菩薩既出家已,與彼八萬人,離自國城遊行諸處,至一聚落結夏安居。過是夏已而自思惟:『我今云何如迷醉人遊行諸處?』作是念已,心得清淨至本住舍,於夜分中復自思惟:『我今何用世間富貴?眾生愛著輪迴生死,苦蘊相續無有窮盡。』又復思惟:『此老死苦因,何緣所生而得老死?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從生支有。又復思惟:『此生苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從有支有。又復思惟:『此有苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從取支有。又復思惟:『此取苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從愛支有。又復思惟:『此愛苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從受支有。又復思惟:『此受苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從觸支有。又復思惟:『此觸苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從六入支有。又復思惟:『此六入苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從名色支有。又復思惟:『此名色苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從識支有。又復思惟:『此識苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從行支有。又復思惟:『此行苦因何緣所生?』入三摩地諦觀此法,從無明支有。如是無明緣行,行緣識,識緣名色,名色緣六入,六入緣觸,觸緣受,受緣愛,愛緣取,取緣有,有緣生,生緣老死憂悲苦惱,如是集成一大苦蘊。
「爾時毘婆尸菩薩又復思惟:『此老死苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,生滅則老死滅。又復思惟:『此生苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,有滅則生滅。又復思惟:『此有苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,取滅則有滅。又復思惟:『此取苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,愛滅則取滅。又復思惟:『此愛苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,受滅則愛滅。又復思惟:『此受苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,觸滅則受滅。又復思惟:『此觸苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,六入滅則觸滅。又復思惟:『六入苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,名色滅則六入滅。又復思惟:『名色苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,識滅則名色滅。又復思惟:『此識苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,行滅則識滅。又復思惟:『此行苦因云何得滅?』入三摩地諦觀此法,無明滅則行滅。如是無明滅則行滅,行滅則識滅,識滅則名色滅,名色滅則六入滅,六入滅則觸滅,觸滅則受滅,受滅則愛滅,愛滅則取滅,取滅則有滅,有滅則生滅,生滅則老死憂悲苦惱滅,如是一大苦蘊而自不生。」
爾時,世尊而說頌曰:
「毘婆尸菩薩, 思惟老死苦,
以智推彼因, 何緣何法生?
入定審諦觀, 知從生支起,
乃至行苦因, 知從無明有。
復觀從何滅? 無明滅行滅,
乃至老死盡, 苦蘊悉皆無。」
爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「時,毘婆尸菩薩復觀色受想行識,生滅不住,如幻如化無有真實,智觀現前,業習煩惱一切不生,得大解脫,成正等覺。」
爾時,世尊而說頌曰:
「毘婆尸菩薩, 復觀蘊等法,
入彼三摩地, 智觀現前時,
惑苦業習氣, 一切皆不生,
如飄兜羅綿, 剎那不可住。
成就佛菩提, 涅槃吉祥果,
如月大圓明, 光徧十方界。」
爾時,世尊說此偈已,告苾芻言:「時,毘婆尸先在因位,一疑自身猶如迷醉,二疑貪等煩惱展轉增多,如是思惟緣生之法,得大解脫。」
爾時,世尊而說頌曰:
「彼佛如來身, 難成能得成,
觀察緣生法, 復斷貪瞋癡,
究竟於彼岸, 成就大解脫,
如日在山頂, 徧照於一切。」
毘婆尸佛經卷上

第二

CBETA Code: T0003

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